Ratings at a glance How creditworthy are which countries?

Status: 15.06.2021 01:05 p.m. Credit ratings from the major US rating agencies help determine the interest rates at which a state can borrow money. How do Moody’s, Fitch and Standard & Poor’s rate the creditworthiness of the countries in the eurozone and other countries? Who gets the top grade, the “Triple-A”? An overview of the current credit ratings from Belgium to Cyprus.

Source: rating agencies / as of June 15, 2021

Source: rating agencies / as of June 15, 2021

background 07/14/2011

“The Traitor” is a new work by Director Zhou You. His last work was “The Ancient City of Ghost Blowing Lantern”. This is also his first work. As soon as he shot it, he shot a film and television work of Ghost Blowing Lantern that did not live up to the original.

The second work “The Rebel” was presented, which also did not disappoint the audience, and received rave reviews from the very beginning.

On June 15th, the Douban score of “Rebel” finally opened. As expected, it was indeed above 8 points and got 8.4 points. Among them, the five-star praise accounted for the highest proportion, about 42%, and the four-star praise accounted for about Is 39%.

At present, the number of ratings for “Rebel” has exceeded 110,000, and the popularity cannot be underestimated. It has also rushed to the top of the hot list of the entire network for many days, and took turns taking turns with “Fall in Love with Special Forces”.

Since its launch, the ratings have soared. On June 14, the live broadcast of “The Traitor” surged to 1.16%. Now it has gained an excellent reputation, and the ratings are fully capable of further soaring.

“The Traitor” has 43 episodes in total. Up to now, 22 episodes have been released and more than half of the content has been released. At the beginning of the story, the rhythm is fast, directly into the theme, and it creates a tense and exciting atmosphere of the spy movie.

As the episodes were broadcast one after another, the plot was ups and downs, Lin Nansheng found that Zhu Yizhen was suspicious, and began to approach her, intending to find out who the postman is.

Whether it’s Lin Nansheng, Chen Moqun, or Gu Shenyan, every key figure has an IQ online, and watching this one person fight wits and courage is addictive.

Moreover, the performance of the actors is even more remarkable. Chen Moqun played by Wang Yang is cruel and full of wisdom, and Gu Shenyan played by Wang Zhiwen is scheming. Wang Zhiwen’s acting skills perfectly interpret this role.

Not long ago, Zhang Yimou’s “Above the Cliff” detonated the box office, and now an outstanding spy war theme movie and TV work has been born: “The Rebel”, and then there will be a new spy war game “Infernal Affairs” starring Chen Daoming and Jin Dong. “, 2021 seems to be the year of the outbreak of spy warfare film and television works.

Lead

Online network evaluation provides people with a channel to immediately obtain the wisdom of the masses. In all online reviews of Amazon and Yelp, positive reviews account for the vast majority, but there are obvious differences in the nature of people’s behaviors towards these items. So how can we learn from the “ocean” of these positive online reviews Identify the truly valuable and successful projects? Can the popular “star ratings” be used as a reliable basis for predicting the success of their projects? Recently, the article Nature human behavior gave answers to these questions. This article is an overview of this paper.

The Jizhi Club has started recruiting, with a number of experts taking the lead to discuss issues in the social, economic and other fields from the interdisciplinary perspective of computing science and complex science. This article is written for members of the Reading Club. The book club lasts for 10-12 weeks and is held every Thursday night. See the end of the article for details.

熊宏晋 | Author

Deng Yixue | Edit

Essay topic:

Mass-scale emotionality reveals human behaviour and marketplace success

Paper URL:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-021-01098-5

1. Extract user sentiment from the “massive” evaluations of online platforms

   At present, with the development of online crowdsourcing platforms on the Internet, the sale of goods or offline services will attach certain evaluation information to its online crowdsourcing platform, and the most common of these is the star-rating evaluation method. This allows potential consumers on its platform to obtain the most direct reference when choosing goods or services in the lowest cost way. But, is this the truth?Research and investigation have proved that these online rating systems have certain limitations: most of their online reviews are positive[1].For example, on Amazon.com, the average star rating is about 4.2 (out of 5), and far more than half of the reviews are 5-star ratings[2].Nearly half of Yelp reviews are 5-star reviews[3], And nearly 90% of Uber reviews may be 5 stars[4].

   The above situation will cause individuals to often face choices among many similar star-rated projects, especially considering that people will not even consider obtaining options with less than 3 stars. Therefore, the star rating itself may not be able to reliably predict the success of its project, and it cannot be used as a valid reference for the true value of the project. Highly concentrated positive evaluation will make it an invalid signal, so how can we obtain effective information from these massive positive evaluations? Professor Matthew D. Rocklage and his research team from the School of Management at the University of Massachusetts in the United States called this challenge of identifying success in a large number of positive reviews as a “massive” evaluation positivity problem. They first proved the universality of this “massive” positivity problem, and proposed that emotional commentary language can provide individuals with more meaningful references. They published this research result on Nature Human Behaviour under the title “Mass-scale emotionality reveals human behaviour and marketplace success”.

   They studied the issue of massive evaluation enthusiasm in four large-scale online evaluation cases, including movie box office revenue, Amazon book sales, followers of new brands in Super Bowl advertisements, and restaurant reservations on Yelp. Through research on four large-scale online information evaluation platforms, they proved that 80% to 100% of online star ratings are positive, and found that online star ratings are unreliable for predicting the behavior and success of a project Yes, that is, more and more positive reviews usually do not predict the success of their projects.but Emotional factors of evaluation text It can be used to predict the behavior of a project and its likelihood of success.This is because emotional language provides an indication for the individual himself that something particularly influential has happened[5，6], So they can be used as a particularly clear signal for individuals to understand their attitudes.This strong signal will in turn lead to a stronger attitude in memory[7], This is a generally accepted factor predicting the influence and persistence of attitudes.

   The four cases they studied are shown below:

2. Emotional factors predict movie box office

   The researchers obtained online reviews of all movies from 2005 to 2018 from Metacritic.com, and used the first 30 user reviews written for each movie to measure the movie’s star rating (0 to 10 stars) and online Emotional language analysis of the evaluation text. They found that the average star rating of a movie would significantly reduce the box office revenue of their movie. And when all movies are included—even those initially negatively rated—star ratings have no significant predictive effect on box office revenue.

   Then they added the average sentiment factor of the review text and the average text valence to the same model as a control. Star ratings are still an important negative predictor of movie box office revenue (see Figure 1 on the left). Most importantly, the emotional factor in the evaluation text is an important positive predictor of future box office revenue (see Figure 1 on the right).

   

   Figure 1. (Left) Predicting the relationship between movie box office revenue and its movie star rating; (Right) Predicting the relationship between movie box office revenue and the emotional factors in the movie review text

3. Book sales: text sentiment is more important than rating

   In the second case study, the researchers predicted the success of all books on Amazon.com from 1995 to 2015 (20 years of data). They again used the first 30 reviews of each book to index the book’s star rating (1-5 stars), text valence, and emotional factors in the text.

   The regression results of its average star rating are mixed. Star rating is a negative factor in predicting the number of book purchases. When books rated as negative are also included, positive star ratings have a significant predictive effect on purchases. However, the overall evidence here is mixed, because in one-third of the book types, star ratings are insignificant or negative predictors.

   When analyzing positively reviewed books, they predicted the book’s purchase volume based on the book’s average star rating and the sentimentality of the text. It found that the average star rating is a negative predictor of purchase, and the emotionality of the text is an important positive predictor. In addition to these effects, more positive emotional language in the first 30 reviews indicates more purchases, and this conclusion is expressed in 93% of the book types.

4. New brand followers in advertising: evaluation predicts fan growth

   In Case Study 3, the researchers examined whether the emotionality of real-time tweets for TV commercials can predict success and human behavior, that is, the increase in the number of new fans of the brand every day. For the 2016 and 2017 Super Bowls, they obtained all real-time tweets that occurred on the day of the Super Bowl, which mentioned the advertisements that were broadcast during the Super Bowl. There are 94 advertisements from 84 companies, and the total number of tweets about these advertisements is 187,206. Then, they used the evaluation dictionary to quantify the average valence and emotional expression of each business in the tweet.

   They found that the number of fans the company had accumulated before the Super Bowl could predict the number of fans they had accumulated after the Super Bowl, but the company’s star ratings on USA Today had no predictive effect on fans.

   Then, they added the text sentiment factor of each ad’s tweet as the main predictor, and added the average valence of the text as a control variable. It found that the star ratings of USA Today and the valence of tweets had no predictive effect on the number of new fans. However, the higher the degree of positive positivity of the textual emotional language of business tweets, the more Facebook fans the company will accumulate in the next two weeks.

5. Restaurant reservations: scores and emotions are both useful

   In Case Study 4, the researchers studied the success of restaurants and the number of reservations based on the top 30 Yelp.com reviews of all restaurants in Chicago, Illinois as of 2017. They use these reviews to index each restaurant’s average star rating (1 to 5 stars), text valence, and text sentimentality.

   This time, their research results are different from the previous three research cases. In terms of restaurant reservations, the average star rating can predict more table reservations. They then added the textual emotional factors of the first 30 reviews of the restaurant and their text valence to the regression model. The average star rating becomes insignificant (see Figure 2 on the left), and the valence of the text is a positive predictor. In addition to these effects, restaurants with more positive emotional language evaluations will get more meal reservations (see Figure 2 on the right).

   

   Figure 2. (Left) Predicting the relationship between table reservations and movie star ratings; (Right) Predicting the relationship between table reservations and the emotional factors in the movie review text

6. “Massive” evaluation enthusiasm problem solutions

   Nowadays, the problem of “massive” evaluation enthusiasm in large-scale online evaluation information has become more and more common, and sometimes accompanied by businesses themselves in order to make their own products or services get better sales, so as to make good reviews. It will further cause the difficulty for mass consumers to identify effective signals. And emotional language evaluation can be the correct way to solve this problem. This calls for relevant third-party platform organizations to pay more attention to the emotional nature of personal attitudes. Platform managers can consider summarizing the language of reviewers and provide an “emotional star rating” to provide individuals with a more meaningful evaluation reference. The exploratory research that is effective in predicting and can replace star ratings will be reserved for researchers who are interested in this research question.

   references:

   [1] Hu, N., Zhang, J. & Pavlou, PA Overcoming the J-shaped distribution of product reviews. Commun. ACM 52, 144–147 (2009).

   [2] Woolf, M. Playing with 80 million Amazon product review ratings using Apache Spark. minimaxir http://minimaxir.com/2017/01/amazon-spark/ (2017).

   [3] Yelp Factsheet (Yelp, 2017); https://www.yelp.com/factsheet

   [4] Athey, S., Castillo, JC & Knoepfle, D. Service quality in the gig economy: empirical evidence about driving quality at Uber. White Paper. https://doi. org/10.2139/ssrn.3499781 (2019).

   [5] Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. The past explains the present. Ethol. Sociobiol. 11, 375–424 (1990).

   [6] Ekman, PE & Davidson, RJ The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions (Oxford Univ. Press, 1994).

   [7] Rocklage, MD & Fazio, RH Attitude accessibility as a function of emotionality. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 44, 508–520 (2018).

   Social Computing Series Reading Club Starts Recruitment

   With the continuous accumulation of big data and the iterative of digital technology, the intersecting field of social computing is rapidly emerging. Social network analysis, natural language processing, machine learning, system dynamics, multi-agent modeling and other technologies are here. The collision and fusion of one field gradually unearth the deep laws of social behavior in the information age.

   With the theme of “Social Computing”, the Jizhi Club organizes a 10-12 week book club with a number of experts taking the lead to study classics and cutting-edge literature, exchange and stimulate scientific research inspiration. The reading club was initiated by Teacher Wang Shuo, and the expert advisory group included many teachers such as Meng Xiaofeng, Luo Jiade, Wang Xiao, Lu Peng, Wang Jingyuan, and Li Yong.

   For details and registration methods, see:

   Original title: “Frontier of Crowd Wisdom: Public ratings are outdated, emotional ratings are more useful”

   Read the original

From the ratings myth created by “Soldier Assault”, to the popularity of the “I Am a Special Force” series, to the “Airborne Blade” broadcast in the previous two years. The broadcast of these military dramas attracted the attention of the audience and also won a lot of praise.

But in the past two years, it seems that I haven’t seen a wonderful military drama broadcast. Until the previous two days, the broadcast of the TV series “The Trumpeter” once again let everyone see the military style. “The Trumpeter is in Place” is adapted from Feng Jie’s novel “Bright: Graduation and Going to Be a Soldier”. This drama is my country’s first military drama to show the style of the Rocket Army.

In previous military dramas, what we saw was the so-called “special forces” who did more. In addition, everyone has seen the air force and the navy, but only the rocket army.

So what is the Rocket Army?

Brigadier An Lei in “The Trumpeter is in Place” gave a brief definition of the Rockets and Trumpeters. He said: “The Rockets are our country’s trump card, the most lethal trump card, and the trumpeter, It is the swordsman of the Republic.” In a more professional way, the Rocket Force is the core force of our country’s strategic deterrence, the strategic support of our country’s status as a major power, and an important cornerstone of safeguarding national security. “Dongfeng Express, the mission must be achieved” has become China’s strength, China’s confidence, and China’s confidence.

This is the Rocket Army.

Now, we need a TV series on the theme of the Rocket Army, so that more audiences can understand the Rocket Army, and “The Trumpeter is in Place” is just such a TV series. The play tells the story of a group of college students joining the barracks, joining the Rocket Army, and eventually becoming a qualified trumpeter.

At present, the TV series “The Trumpeter is in Place” has been broadcast on Jiangsu Satellite TV, and it has been launched on Youku Video. Surprisingly, on the second day of the show, it won the ratings champion at the same time that night.

Of course, “The Trumpeter is in place” can achieve such ratings, although it is unexpected, but it is actually reasonable. Because the theme of this play has never appeared before. Many viewers are naturally interested in this show because they are curious about the Rocket Army.

Moreover, the theme of “The Trumpeter is in Place” is not only a theme that has never appeared before, but many of the equipment in the play are also invisible in other film and television dramas. Therefore, it is hard not to be interested in this drama.

In addition to the novel and eye-catching subject matter, the overall quality of The Trumpeter is also very good. It can be seen from the few episodes that have been aired so far that the plot is compact and the rhythm is tight. In the first episode, recruits enlisted in the army, the second episode entered the standby library, and the third episode began actual combat.

In addition, with the appearance of various equipments one by one, the audience was hooked. Especially with the appearance of the standby library, many viewers said that after seeing the standby library, even their eyes were reluctant to blink.

On the Douban website, the first page of the short comment section of “The Trumpeter is in Place” is all five-star reviews, and you can’t even see a four-star review. And this kind of situation does not only appear in the short flat area. In the long-form comment area of ​​the play, the reviews with the highest number of likes are all five-star praise.

Although the number of points will gradually increase, there will definitely be four stars, three stars, two stars, and even one star. But so far, the five-star viewers are the most commented on this show.

However, although “The Trumpeter is in Place” is a rare excellent work, it is not without any shortcomings. For example, in terms of temperament, the drama lacks the kind of roughness that soldiers have on them, and lacks the iron-bloodedness and hardness that come from the army camp, and the overall texture is somewhat soft.

In addition, when it comes to personality, the personality of the male lead is also somewhat far-fetched. With a brain as powerful as the male lead, if you want to be a soldier, you must go to the National Defense University, not the lower level. It’s not that the grassroots is bad, it’s because such a strong brain can actually do more things that other people can’t do. If you only be a trumpeter, it’s a bit of a conspicuous talent to be honest.

Also, the role of the psychiatrist is actually superfluous. Because for now, this role does not have any promotion effect on the main storyline. Moreover, this character has been making trouble, reducing the realism of the whole show. The trivial matters of life will not be discussed for the time being, but in the state of wartime, when the chief military officer is missing, a psychologist stopped the current commander to harass her brutally. This situation is not an exaggeration. The battlefield situation is changing rapidly, and she entangled here for a minute or two, which is likely to lead to the loss of this war. I believe everyone knows what it means to lose a war.

Of course, although this drama has some shortcomings, overall, the advantages of “The Trumpeter in Place” far outweigh the shortcomings. It is definitely a military drama worth watching.

After the great success of the urban SUV model Kia Seltos in the Vietnamese market, Kia’s exclusive distributor in Vietnam, Thaco Truong Hai, continued its move to launch another urban SUV, the Kia Sonet. . Information revealed first, the new SUV model has received great attention from the monotonous world. So what are the similarities and differences between Kia Sonet and Kia Seltos?

Classification, size

The Kia Seltos is designed to be a B-SUV, while the Kia Sonet is a smaller mini SUV (SUV A +). Kia Sonet has an overall size of 3,995 x 1,790 x 1,642 (mm) long x width x height; wheelbase 2,500 (mm). Meanwhile, Kia Seltos seniors have corresponding dimensions of 4,315 x 1,800x 1,645 (mm), a wheelbase of 2,610 (mm). Thus, Seltos is longer than 320 (mm); 10 (mm) wider and 3 (mm) taller; wheelbase more than 110 (mm). With a much larger length and wheelbase, the Seltos looks better on the outside and the interior is easier to sit, especially for the second row occupants.

Although small, but the Mini SUV Kia Sonet is an A + SUV, compared to the A-class hatchback, the Kia Morning, it is clear that the Sonet still has a larger size.

Kia Seltos is 320 mm longer (Photo Giaxeoto.vn)

Engine power

As the A-SUV segment, the Kia Sonet cannot compare with the Kia Seltos in terms of performance. While Seltos uses 1.4L and 1.6L petrol engines with 121-138 horse power, Sonet uses a 1.2L petrol engine with a capacity of only 87 horse power (equivalent to the Morning). Sonet 1.0L T-GDi version uses Turbo engine for 118Hp capacity. Sonet in the world market also has a 1.5L oil engine with a capacity of 97 horsepower, far behind Seltos. So, if you own a Mini SUV Kia Sonet, the owner will have to balance because the ability to climb up when carrying heavy loads is quite weak. Just look at the Kia Morning to know.

Kia Sonet is only “strong” as Kia Morning (photo Giaxeoto.vn)

Beautiful, youthful and modern exterior design

Since its launch in Vietnam, Seltos has continuously created a fever because of its extremely eye-catching design. Characteristic SUV design, indicators such as tiger nose calipers are arranged harmoniously to help the car look extremely seductive. Many experts and consumers rate the Kia Seltos with the highest score on the exterior. The Kia Sonet, when compared to the Kia Seltos, is equally beautiful, even though the exterior looks smaller, but still exudes the sportiness of a modern urban SUV.

Comfortable cabin compartment

The most similarity when comparing the interior of the Sonet and the Seltos is that the cabin is similar. Both cars are equipped with a 10.25-inch LCD screen that stands on the dashboard. 3-spoke steering wheel with audio adjustment and hands-free phone. Digital display behind the wheel instead of traditional analog. Other amenities that 2 5-seater SUVs have such as intelligent explosion, automatic air conditioning, and the front seats are designed to hold tight against fatigue. The difference is probably in the sunroof on the highest-end Sonet. But do not know if this detail will be cut when returning to Vietnam or not? In addition, the Kia Sonet also surprised with a new 7-seat version launched in Indonesia. But perhaps this version is not about Vietnam.

Safe enough

The Kia Sonet is equipped with just enough safety features such as 6 airbags, ABS brakes, EBD, ESC, brake assist, front and rear parking sensors, tire pressure warning, automatic headlights and security keychains. Full Isofix for child seats. Seltos has some additional features such as support for horizontal slope departure, traction control …

Above are some comparisons between two small SUV brothers Kia Sonet and Seltos. It is expected that with a low price, Sonet will be a new blockbuster in the Vietnamese auto market in the near future.