Raw material for batteries Is nickel still in short supply?

Status: 15.06.2021 3:55 p.m.

First a lack of chips, then a lack of wood, soon a lack of nickel? E-mobility also devours resources. Due to the increasing demand for batteries, the demand for nickel is likely to increase strongly. The sufficient supply of the metal nickel could become critical in the next few years. The German Raw Materials Agency (DERA) warns of this in a current analysis. The background to this is the increasing demand generated by the turnaround towards electromobility. “We assume that, depending on the scenario, global nickel demand will increase from around 2.4 million tons today to around 3.4 million tons in 2025,” explains Dr. Michael Szurlies, nickel expert at the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR). “Overall, the nickel market is facing a turning point in terms of demand in the coming years, which will lead to a significant shift in market shares within the areas of application.” As a special department of the BGR, DERA advises the federal government, business and NGOs on raw material issues, for example on security of supply and the ecological consequences.

02/18/2021

Nickel is used for batteries

So far, nickel has mainly been used in steel production: around 85 percent is currently used in the manufacture of stainless steel and alloys, as DERA writes. The use in batteries currently accounts for around five percent. That will change in the near future. Because nickel is now a “key raw material” for the transport and energy transition, according to the study. Due to the strong demand generated by the global expansion of electromobility, the experts expect that by 2025, depending on the scenario, the share could be up to 21 percent. This would make batteries the second largest area of ​​application.

07.03.2021

Most of the nickel comes from Indonesia

Indonesia is the world’s largest supplier of nickel. The experts write that the vast majority of the new global production and refining capacities for the metal are expected there by 2025. This leads to a significant increase in the market concentration for nickel – and also has the consequence that the power of the main suppliers increases. Whether prices can also be expected to rise in the future due to rising demand depends on whether supply also increases. It is not excluded. In order to reduce the dependency on international suppliers, consideration is being given to extracting important raw materials – including nickel – in Europe. Experts emphasize that a European supply chain could make economic sense. In January, Peter Buchholz, head of DERA, said it would be good if Europe also built up its own capacities. The projects just have to be cost-competitive.

background 10/27/2010

Recycling is becoming more important

The automotive industry in particular, but also machine builders with a focus on solar or wind power, steel manufacturers or the IT and medical technology industries are dependent on a continuous supply of basic materials such as nickel. This also applies to so-called rare earths – elements such as cobalt or lithium, which is usually the central raw material for batteries in pure electric drives. The authors of the study also have the issue of sustainability in mind: “In view of the goal of reducing emissions of climate-damaging carbon dioxide through electromobility, in future, apart from questions of availability, the most environmentally friendly and sustainable extraction and processing of nickel will be more important.” One has to ask how more nickel and nickel compounds can be recovered at the end of the life cycle of the products and how less environmentally harmful and at the same time more socially fair promotion can be achieved. On the one hand, there are technological developments towards greater efficiency and fewer emissions. On the other hand, the increasing mining in tropical regions is a problem due to the large amount of land required.

Mango pickled in sugar This snack is very popular with women because of its attractive sweet and sour taste. In addition, this dish is also a healthy snack option, which does not make you fat but also provides many vitamins. Mango pickled sugar is usually made from raw mango, soaked with sugar, little salt and sometimes a little chili to enhance the taste. A jar of mango soaked in sugar can be preserved for a very long time, so you can store it in the refrigerator to eat gradually. Mango soaked in sugar has an attractive sweet and sour taste. (Illustration) This dish can be canned for long-term preservation. (Illustration) Cake mix It can be said that mixed rice paper is the most famous snack in Saigon. Although mango is not the main character, but without this important ingredient, mixed rice paper is no longer “addictive” so much. The sweet and sour taste is unbelievably harmonious with the tongue-slicing spicy taste of satay and the salty taste of shrimp salt. Just add a few toppings such as beef jerky, quail eggs, roasted peanuts and sprinkle with herbs, and you have a delicious dish for an afternoon meal. Raw mango is an indispensable ingredient in mixed rice paper. (Illustration) The sour taste of mango helps to balance the tongue-tearing spicy taste of satay. (Illustration) Mango salad Salad is a common word to refer to mixed dishes with the participation of southern fruits and wild vegetables, and most salads have more or less the presence of mango, such as dried beef mango salad, mango salad with pig ears, mango salad with shrimp and meat… Usually Saigon people eat mango salad as an appetizer at parties. However, because the nature of the mango salad is also “light”, many people have turned it into a street snack. Just remove the sophisticated boiled meat, instead, dry beef and fried garlic, add a little onion fat and you’re done. From a party dish to a street food, mango salad still makes many people drool every time they remember it. (Illustration) Mango salad is often served with dried beef, dried shrimp,… (Illustrated photo) Mango shake In fact, in terms of “essence”, mango shakes taste no different from other mango dips and mixes, but “old bottles of new wine”, in addition to required spices such as chili salt, Tay Ninh salt, many sellers Also mix a little satay, shrimp paste, onion fat or fried garlic. In addition, the shaking helps the mango to absorb more spices. Depending on the taste, some people like raw mango shakes, others like medium ripe and there is no shortage of people who like to eat fully ripe mangoes. Up to now, although the “mango shake fever” has somewhat subsided, this dish still persists in taking root in Saigon thanks to an extremely stable number of diners. Mango shake used to cause fever for a long time. (Illustration) This is still a snack that is loved by young people. (Illustration) Raw mango with sugar sauce, fish sauce, chili salt… Mango itself is already an attractive dish loved by Saigon people, so there is no need to be too fussy, mango can be combined with any spice. However, the most popular ones are chili salt, Tay Ninh salt, fish sauce mixed with sugar, etc. Raw mango has always been a favorite snack, especially with “union friends”. The position of live mango in the world of junk food can be said to be sustainable over the years, going from the generation of grandmothers and mothers to the current generation of schoolgirls. This snack appears on most fruit carts standing in front of schools or offices… And usually these carts have at least 2-3 types of sauces and condiments. different for you to choose. Raw mango dipping sauce. (Illustration) Raw mango dipped in Tay Ninh salt. (Illustration)

Raw horse meat is a popular dish in Japan. It’s called basashi, it’s thinly sliced ​​and eaten raw. A single cantaloupe (like yellow flesh melon) can sell for more than 31,473 yen ($300) in Japan. Sakura is the national flower of Japan. This is also a garnish on desserts. Dishes with cherry blossom petals are especially popular in the springtime. In Japan, keeping a pet is extremely expensive. Even the equivalent of buying a new car. Therefore, children are increasingly provided with toy robots that imitate domestic pets. Coming to the spa, you can not only swim in large pools of wine, coffee, sake, beer, etc., but you can also drink them on the spot. Different from the beauty spas in the world. Not only impressed with the dense vending machine system every 100m, but the variety of products from hot and cold drinks, ice cream, noodles, cigarettes, confectionery, … in which also surprise visitors when coming to Japan. Tsukiji is the largest fish market in Tokyo and about 2,000 tons of sea fish are consumed every day. In Japan there are cafes that sell tenderness, where men are allowed to lie down with hostesses, hug them, make eye contact or stroke their hair – but nothing more. In Japanese, the name of Kit Kat candy is similar to kitto katsu which means “surely you will win”. Kit Kat here has many exotic flavors such as chili, wasabi, green tea, pear, etc. Japanese subways are so packed with passengers during rush hour that special workers called oshiya are required to push people onto the train. The oshiya are usually students working part-time. Ice cream in Japan is very diverse in flavors such as noodles, beer or horse meat, … and can be sold on every street corner due to great demand. Japan is famous for its many unique festivals and events. For example, weddings based on popular video games or anime are often held in the land of the rising sun and have a set-up company. The Japanese want to be in harmony with nature, so they create beautiful gardens with small ponds with colored carp (koi fish) and turtles. These gardens symbolize the perfect world of nature. Please watch the video: Another great Japanese invention. Source: Yan News

In addition to the rise in raw materials, the pressure brought by the appreciation of the renminbi and the high international shipping costs has not yet come to an end, Xinhua News Agency figured.

“Now it’s really troublesome!”

Cai Shaohua, general manager of Zhejiang Huajia Holding Group, did not achieve his wish. Originally, he expected that the exaggerated increase in raw materials could come down after March after the “good start.” rise”.

From the beginning of the construction in February, I was afraid to accept orders, and now I can’t resist the pressure and have to negotiate price increases with customers. Cai Shaohua uses “half stagnation” to describe the state of the recent months, “Although the customers understand the current situation. , But when it comes to price increases, communication will definitely take time.”

Bite the scalp to sign orders and ship products under pressure from a loss, what Cai Shaohua can do is to continuously increase inventory-on the one hand, the production capacity is minimized as much as possible, and on the other is the goods that are still negotiating price increases and are afraid to ship.

In the first quarter, foreign trade exports increased by nearly 40% year-on-year, and due to pressures such as the soaring of rare raw materials in recent years, such “half stagnation” has been forced to become the “new normal” for foreign trade manufacturing companies.

Inventory increased by 30% and the delivery cycle is 70 days longer

Since the beginning of this year, the prices of major products in the iron and steel, copper mining, petrochemical and other industries have continued the upward trend that started last year, and after setting a historic “good start”, they have not fallen as quickly as in previous years, but have continued to rise.

As an important raw material for industrial products, in less than a year, the price of London copper has risen from US$6,000/ton to more than US$9,000/ton, and Shanghai copper has also risen from more than 40,000 yuan/ton to nearly 70,000 yuan/ton. Nearly doubled.

As a Chinese wall-hung boiler manufacturer, Cai Shaohua’s main raw material is copper rods. The increase in copper prices has directly caused the company’s raw material costs to increase by nearly 50% this year.

The Mandarin Commodity Index rose to 182.49 on April 16, up 8.1% from January 29, of which the Industrial Product Index rose 10.2%. The increase of black varieties is particularly noticeable. The average settlement price of rebar futures in the first quarter reached 4,532 yuan/ton, an increase of 24.7% from the average price of the whole year in 2020, which was the highest level since the listing of rebar futures in 2009. The average settlement price of Shanghai iron ore futures reached 1062 yuan/ton, an increase of 39.7% from the average price of 2020.

“Raw materials have risen too much.” As an export manufacturer of electric bicycles, Zeng Xiansheng, general manager of Suzhou Mengshi Intelligent Vehicle Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Mengshi Intelligent”), told China Business News that the main material for electric bicycles is aluminum alloy. There are also motors, chips and rare earths. The prices of these materials have not only been high, but also often not available.

At present, the company’s orders have been scheduled until after June. Zeng Xiansheng, who “do not have to worry about orders”, has a headache because of the continuously delayed delivery cycle and the subsequent rising pressure on the capital chain.

“Now that raw materials are required to be paid in cash, the original billing period is gone. Many lithium batteries are prepaid and still not available.” Zeng Xiansheng said that in the past when raw materials were purchased, upstream companies would still give about 60 days of billing. , Now it’s the other way around, and if you give money, you have to wait in line for the goods. “There is a transmission that is even scheduled to 2023.”

The delivery cycle on the other end is also extending. Zeng Xiansheng’s delivery cycle is about 70 days longer than before. As far as Cai Shaohua is concerned, on the basis of increasing inventory by 30%, it is still unknown how much the delivery cycle will be extended.

While being forced to negotiate price increases and indefinitely extended delivery, companies also face the risk of loss of orders or decline in sales.

The direct consequence of being squeezed by both ends is that the pressure on the corporate capital chain has increased significantly, which in turn triggers a wave of corporate failures in a vicious circle.

CCTV’s previous survey of the manufacturing industry in Guangdong showed that some small household appliances companies that were unable to mold and process electrical accessories on their own went bankrupt when they were unable to withstand the price increase of general parts factories and were unable to receive orders in the short term.

Cai Shaohua is looking forward to the time node of May 1st, “March to May of each year is the off-season. We are still holding on to the wait and see. Let’s raise prices after May 1st.”

In fact, it is not only domestic small and medium-sized enterprises that are under pressure, but even international industry giants can’t help but raise prices one after another.

Recently, American body care and cleaning products giants Procter & Gamble and Coca-Cola have announced price increases, which has aroused the attention of the consumer market.

“This is the largest increase in commodity raw materials in my 33 years at P&G. This momentum may still exist for a long time.” P&G Chief Operating Officer Jon Moller said that this made him have to Announced an increase in the prices of daily necessities, from diapers to toilet paper, starting in September of this year.

The Coca-Cola Company also said that it cannot withstand the pressure of rising raw material prices, and the company has made a decision to increase product prices.

RMB enters the 6.4 era

In addition to the rise in raw materials, the pressure brought by the appreciation of the renminbi and high international shipping costs has not yet come to an end.

“If this continues, foreign trade people don’t want to do it anymore.” Li Qi, the person in charge of a garment foreign trade manufacturing company in the Yangtze River Delta, told China Business News that the pressure on foreign trade companies from the appreciation of the renminbi is not less than the impact of rising raw materials.

Since the beginning of the appreciation trend in the second half of last year, the renminbi has risen by nearly 10%. This is also the biggest and strongest rise in the impression of Li Qi, who has been in foreign trade for more than 20 years.

On April 22, the China Foreign Exchange Trading Center announced data that the central parity of the RMB against the US dollar was reported at 6.4902, an increase of 144 basis points.

Wang Tao, chief China economist at UBS, believes that the US dollar-renminbi exchange rate is expected to be around 6.4 at the end of this year, and may fluctuate widely driven by the exchange rate trend of the US dollar against major currencies. This also means that the renminbi is already in the 6.4 era.

Li Qi, who pays close attention to exchange rate fluctuations, believes that the renminbi will continue to appreciate. “One day in February, the offshore renminbi broke through 6.4 at some point and reached 6.39. Although it is not a long time, it may rise to 6.3 this year. Provided support”.

Compared with the end of last year, the tight situation of container transportation has eased slightly, but the freight rate is still at a high level, and the capacity arrangement is nearly a month and a half earlier than before.

Zhou Shihao, CEO of China’s one-stop international logistics service platform “Where to ship”, told CBN that in the past, orders for late May would not be arranged until May 15, but now the transportation plan for May has been arranged, “90 % Of the capacity has been arranged, and we will start to arrange the capacity for June next week.”

According to his observation, at present, whether it is shipping or air transport, or the China-Europe express train, it is already at the limit level. Due to tight shipping capacity and high freight rates, companies are beginning to need more digital information to combat anxiety and uncertainty.

Catalyzed by the epidemic, digitalization and e-commerce have also become high-frequency words in the field of foreign trade.

In the first quarter of this year, China’s foreign trade maintained a recovery growth. According to data from the General Administration of Customs, my country’s exports in the first quarter were 4.6 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 38.7%. As an emerging trade format, cross-border e-commerce continued its good development trend last year, with exports increasing by 69.3% year-on-year, becoming one of the main forces for stable growth in foreign trade.

On April 22, Alibaba International Station announced the trend of foreign trade in 2021 and its digital overseas strategy. Zhang Kuo, vice president of Alibaba Group and general manager of Alibaba International Station, said that during the epidemic, the penetration rate of global e-commerce has increased significantly, and the trend of online procurement is irreversible. As the structural position of China’s supply in the world continues to increase, the dividends of cross-border e-commerce overseas are still there. It is a new opportunity for Chinese manufacturing to go overseas with high quality through branding.

Zhang Kuo told China Business News that in the global trade chain, raw material price increases and RMB appreciation and other costs transfer mainly depend on which party is stronger and which party has the right to speak. China’s manufacturing has the largest supporting role in the world, and it is especially irreplaceable during the epidemic. Therefore, from the data on the platform, we have not yet seen a significant price increase trend and market resistance to price increases, but it should be emphasized that Chinese manufacturing companies must seize the window period of the epidemic and gradually move from scale growth to quality increase.

The general manager of Huasheng Shuanglang (Beijing) Textile Co., Ltd., which develops antibacterial and deodorant textile fabrics, has made a wish and has been operating cross-border e-commerce business for more than 10 years. She told China Business News that the price increase of raw materials and the appreciation of the renminbi are likely to become the norm for a long time. Their response to rising raw material prices is to provide customers with more alternative fabric solutions out of a full understanding of raw materials.

Xu Xinxian said that they will now lock in the RMB price with their customers in the contract to avoid losses caused by the appreciation of the RMB as much as possible. With the help of platforms such as Alibaba International Station, they will also increase added value and efficiency by strengthening brand building, using a series of programs such as overseas warehouses, rapid foreign exchange settlement, and business loans.

The quality of cosmetic raw materials is the key to ensuring the safety, quality and efficacy of cosmetics. Products and related personal care products. Cosmetic ingredients have a wide range of applications and are the basic ingredients of cosmetic formulations. Therefore, it is indispensable to apply the production practice principles of appropriate raw materials for commercial cosmetics.

EFfCI cosmetics factory inspection implementation rules

Scope of application

1.1 This rule is used for the certification activities of the quality management system established by the organization applying for certification in accordance with the specifications of cosmetic raw materials.

1.2 This rule is the basic requirement for cosmetic raw materials, for the certification activities of cosmetic raw materials, and the certification activities of cosmetic raw materials shall abide by these rules.

Requirements for certified personnel

2.1 Auditors need to pass the training of cosmetic raw material auditors and obtain the qualifications of cosmetic raw material auditors.

2.2 Other personnel, such as application review personnel, audit plan schedulers, certification decision personnel, etc., shall be evaluated to confirm that they meet the competency requirements determined by certification.

2.2 The certification personnel will abide by the relevant laws and regulations and certification rules related to the practice, and bear the corresponding legal responsibility for the certification activities and the authenticity of the certification audit reports and certification conclusions made.

EFfCI audits the cosmetics raw material certification to develop an audit plan

Review time

The basic audit time is determined according to the number of employees in the organization by referring to Annex 1, and then according to equipment, facilities, production

Make necessary adjustments to factors such as the complexity of the process, such as:

The scale of production facilities-including storage facilities of the auditee;

The scope covers product series with similar risks and using similar production technologies;

The complexity of the production process;

Number of production lines;

The age of the auditee’s plant and its impact on the material flow;

The labor intensity of the process;

Difficulty of communication (such as language)

The difficulties encountered during the audit that require further investigation; the quality of the auditee’s preparation work (such as documents, documents, quality management system).

The above content is for reference only, and I hope it will be helpful to you. I have a deeper understanding of the introduction of EFfCI cosmetic raw material inspection, the implementation rules of cosmetic raw material inspection and the formulation of the audit plan. Know the EFfCI cosmetics raw material inspection factory or want to know more details about the EFfCI cosmetics raw material inspection factory, and continue to pay attention to the “creative thinking factory inspection”.

Illustration.

Garlic is a wonderful medicine in every family. People can use garlic in treating a variety of diseases with good results. In oriental medicine, garlic has a spicy taste, is temperate, in two cans and flavors, the effect of heat, detoxification, poisoning, antiseptic, except for leprosy, pepper boils, phlegm …

Clean the stomach

Eating raw garlic on an empty stomach helps cleanse your stomach. Garlic is considered a natural antibiotic, has the power to remove toxins and harmful bacteria in your stomach, especially when you eat raw garlic on an empty stomach.

Toothache treatment

Garlic’s anesthetic properties are useful for toothache. When this phenomenon occurs, you should apply a little garlic oil on your teeth or suck on the crushed garlic is effective.

Cancer prevention

Garlic’s natural anti-cancer properties are proven to be good for the immune system. It has the ability to prevent many different types of cancer such as colon cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer. In addition, this tuber can destroy cancer cells in the body.

Anti-infection

Vitamins C, B6, allicin, potassium, calcium, selenium, magnesium and flavonoids in garlic fight infections very well. These substances also effectively destroy bacteria, viruses, and candida cells.

Reduced blood sugar

Due to the effect of increasing the amount of insulin in the blood, garlic is useful for people with diabetes. However, this is only a supporting food, can not eliminate diabetes completely, so you should take medicine as directed by your doctor for better treatment.

Relieve a sore throat

Garlic contains antioxidants, which are beneficial for treating coughs, sore throats and laryngitis. If your throat is itchy, chew raw garlic or eat with carrots to reduce the smell. In addition, it is also an effective natural remedy for flu.