Maldives https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ Maldives is made up of 1,200 islands and 26 coral reefs. A beautiful underwater world of corals and other ecological patches. However, due to the warming of the ocean, especially the El Nino phenomenon in 1998, a sizable part of the coral reefs have died and bleached. But in the past few years, coral reefs have recovered significantly. Great Barrier Reef – Australia https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ With about 3,000 separate reefs and 900 islands, the Great Barrier Reef stretches for nearly 2,600 km, in the middle of the sea of ​​nearly 350,000 square kilometers. This reef is located in the Coral Sea, northeast of Queensland, part of this reef area of ​​the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park of the same name. The Great Barrier is considered to have an extremely diverse and rich marine ecosystem, where many species of creatures listed in the Red Book are in danger. In 1981, the Great Barrier was recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage Site, and is considered by CNN as one of the 7 natural wonders of the world. New Caledonian Reef – Pacific Ocean https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ The 1,500 km long New Caledonian Reef surrounds the Grande Terre. The average depth of the coral reefs here is about 25m, 30km from the coast. The corals in this area are quite diverse in species. There are also about 1,000 species of fish and rare animals such as green turtles. Coral reefs in the Red Sea https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ The Red Sea lies between Africa and Asia, where coral reefs are 5,000-7,000 years old. The length of coral reefs is up to 1,900 km, mainly on the sea border of Israel, Egypt, and Djibouti. Rainbow Reef – Fiji (Pacific) https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ Rainbow Reef is perhaps one of the most colorful coral reefs, it is literally an underwater rainbow, home to nearly 1,200 types of fish and 230 species of multicolored coral. Tubbataha Reef – Philippines https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ Tubbataha Reef in the Sulu Sea is a protected marine reserve in Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park. These reefs are made up of two atolls, North Atoll and South Atoll, separated by a canal about 5 miles (8 km) deep. This is one of the most famous diving spots in the Philippines because of its amazing coral reefs. It is also an ecosystem of 600 species of fish, 360 species of coral, 11 types of sharks, 13 types of whales and dolphins. Coral reef in Raja Ampat archipelago – Indonesia https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ Raja Ampat Islands are recognized as having the most diverse marine life in the world, There are more than 1,500 species of fish, 537 species of coral and 699 species of krill found in Raja Ampat. Raja Ampat is located in the heart of the Coral Triangle. According to Conservation International, this large island of Indonesia has one of the most diverse marine ecosystems in the world with 75% of the world’s coral species found here. Belize Barrier Reef https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs that stretch along the coast of Belize, approximately 300 meters (980 ft) offshore in the north and 40 km (25 mi) in the south coast. It is known as a 300 km long part of the Mesoamerican Reef System which runs 900 km continuously from Cancún on the northeastern tip of the Yucatán peninsula through the Maya Riviera down to Honduras making it a major reef. world third. There are many species of flora and fauna including: 70 species of hard coral, 36 species of soft coral, 500 species of fish, hundreds of species of invertebrates, but it is estimated that only 10% of coral species and species of coral have been discovered. 90% of species need to be studied. Bonaire Reef https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ Bonaire Reef in the Dutch Caribbean is where you can see corals of all colors, including pink, green, yellow and bright purple, also known as a diver’s paradise. Coral Reef at Andros, Bahamas https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ The reefs stretching from the sea east of Andros Island, Bahamas are famous for more than 160 species of fish and corals living in the western Atlantic Ocean. It covers an area of ​​about 6,000 square kilometers and has suffered considerable wear and tear due to the harmful effects of the surrounding environment. L. Trang https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/

The Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Mannar in Sri Lanka have been the center of the international pearl trade for more than 4,000 years. Since ancient times, the region has produced some of the world’s finest natural pearls, supplying the courts of the ancient kings and queens of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and later the Greek empires. , Roman and Byzantine. Kuwait was also once one of the centers of this industry in the Persian Gulf, with a history of developing the pearl industry at least four millennia. Pearl fishing in Kuwait had its heyday before the 19th century. (Source: Pinterest) Before the discovery of oil in the 1930s and extraction after World War II, the main economic activity in Kuwait and the Persian Gulf was the extraction of pearl resources mainly on the Arab side of the Persian Gulf. The history of pearl farming in the Persian Gulf goes back more than four millennia. References to this industry were made by early writers such as the Greek historian Pliny and the Roman geographer Ptolemy of the 2nd century AD. Historically, people living around the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Mannar discovered and appreciated the beauty and value of natural pearls created from mussels, opening the pearl industry. Ups and downs with history Since then, Kuwait’s pearl industry has experienced many ups and downs of history. At one stage, pearls became the main export product of the Gulf state, alongside horses, dates, timber and spices. From the early seventeenth century until the 1930s, the country’s economy was largely dependent on pearl diving off the coast of the Arabian Gulf, home to the richest reserves in the world. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Kuwait had nearly 700 pearl diving boats with a workforce of about 15,000 people. The pearl diving season usually lasts for 4 months, from mid-May to mid-September. In the remaining 8 months, traders often use ships to trade and fish offshore. It is the basis for Kuwait’s thriving maritime and shipbuilding industry. Kuwaiti fishermen regularly call at ports in the Middle East, the East coast of Africa, the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka. Historical evidence shows that Kuwaiti pearl fishermen sailed as far as Mannar Bay, between the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, especially during the fishing season of these pearl fishing grounds. Natural pearls of Kuwait are thought to be caused by a combination of soil environment, water salinity, climatic conditions and accidental conditions when a small foreign object or grain of sand enters. inside the clams, mussels and stay in it. Irritated by this foreign object, the mussel creates a layer of mother-of-pearl that surrounds the intrusive sand. This process repeats for many years and creates a wonderful gem. For three centuries, Kuwait’s economy based on the pearl industry, seafaring and commerce has thrived relative to the rest of the region. It created a prosperous merchant class, but did not provide a steady income for much of the population, mainly pearl divers and supplementary workers. But there are ups and downs. The large-scale production of cultured pearls in Japan in the 1930s, and the Great Depression shortly thereafter, caused the traditional pearl industry in Kuwait to gradually decline. Pearl divers and their families are entering an unprecedented period of economic hardship. Fortunately, a promising new revenue stream has emerged. In 1938, oil was discovered in Kuwait. After World War II ended and oil extraction and exports were boosted, most of Kuwait’s population gradually emerged from its economic decline, and began to enjoy the fruits of its wealth. Pearl divers have found alternative work in the burgeoning oil industry. The pearl industry in Kuwait is also gradually disappearing… Find the return date However, even though life is full, the Kuwaiti people have not forgotten their old identity. The Kuwait Tower, one of the iconic works of Kuwait, is inspired by pearls, expressing the pride of the people about the ancient occupation of their ancestors. More importantly, the Kuwaiti government has worked to revive the natural pearl industry. Every June, Kuwait holds a month-long pearl diving festival, to pay tribute to the industry’s ancestors, who dedicated their lives to the pearl industry that formed the foundation of Kuwait’s wealth in the past year. past. The festivals also help Kuwait’s younger generation to recognize and appreciate the ups and downs that their ancestors went through in order to protect and preserve this glorious but potentially dangerous industry. Thereby, the festival also helps preserve the pearl diving tradition that has become an integral part of Kuwaiti culture. A Kuwaiti girl waits for the return of pearl divers during the 2019 Kuwaiti pearl diving festival (Photo: Gazi/Xinhua) Pearl diving in Kuwait is called “ghaus” and those who participate in diving are called “ghawawis”. Divers use traditional equipment such as “Dieng” (neck-basket), “hager” (anchor) and “fotam” (nose clip). The end of the festival called “qafal” is celebrated with traditional singing and dancing performances. The Kuwaiti public responded enthusiastically and participated in the festival, expressing their desire to preserve national traditions and culture. The festival also attracts international tourists and friends: Many are excited to take part in the diving competition after initial training. The pride of the “Kuwait pearl” also helps remind the people of Kuwait about the once glorious pearl industry of the Gulf nation. The “Kuwait Pearl” has a special design, 19th century style with the brilliant shine and ivory characteristic of natural pearls from the Persian Gulf, once incorporated by the first owner as a faceplate. necklace. The “Kuwait Pearl” has an almost perfect teardrop shape, weighs 64.35 carats, (12.87 grams), and measures 41.28 x 19.05 mm in length and width, respectively. It is known as the 6th largest natural pearl and one of the 12 rarest pearls in the world. The ‘Pearl of Kuwait’ (Source: Smithsonian Institution) The pearl’s current owner is Bond Street, jeweler Symbolic & Chase, purchased on November 24, 2004 for £150,000 ($270,000) and named it “Kuwait Pearl” in recognition. and a true reflection of the pearl’s natural origin. The sale was made at Christie’s in London from an anonymous private family consignment for auction in 2004. The “Pearl of Kuwait” is now part of the Pearl exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

This is good news for the whole world, because the Suez Canal is a vital maritime route for international trade. But during the nearly 1 week of being trapped, how great of the damage has you caused, are you curious? Let’s take a look at some prominent numbers, to see how sensitive the world economy is in fact. Huge numbers The Ever Given is a super ship of over 400 meters long, weighs more than 220,000 tons, can carry a maximum of 20,000 containers. At the time of jam, the ship was carrying a total of 18,300 containers. The ship is operated by shipping company Evergreen Marine based in Taiwan (China), and is among the largest in the world. The ship has been stranded since March 23 while entering the Suez Canal from the Red Sea. After hitting the shore, it ran aground and turned sideways, blocking the canal. Initially, it was thought that the wind was too strong, but the SCA believes this is not the only reason. More investigation will be needed to find out whether the main cause is technical or human impact. And also because of the jam that alone on Sunday (March 28), there are about 369 ships waiting at both ends of the canal, waiting for the time to pass the 193km long route, although it is unknown when. Run with time Over the weekend, 14 tugboats were mobilized to pull Ever Given out of the strand. Thanks to this, it has rotated “slightly” about 30 degrees. On March 29, after the media reported that the ship had begun to re-float, the SCA announced that Ever Given was completely rescued. According to the SCA, they will keep the ship operating during high tide – a condition required to put the ship back in the middle of the route and clear the canal. Some small boats have begun to move, but others will have to wait a long time, said Richard Mead, chief executive of shipping company Lloyd’s List. “We are seeing about 450 ships waiting to cross the canal. It will take quite a while to resolve this congestion.” Scary damage 12% of world trade, about 1 million barrels of oil and 8% of liquefied natural gas – those are the numbers the Canal is responsible for each day. According to SCA President Osama Rabie, the canal’s revenue lost between 14 million and 15 million dollars per day. Before the Covid-19 pandemic, maritime operations through the Suez Canal contributed up to 2 percent of Egypt’s GDP. Meanwhile, data from Lloyd’s List shows that the damage from the congestion is estimated at around $ 9.6 billion a day – $ 400 million per hour, and $ 6.7 million per minute. Looking at the bigger picture, global trade suffers losses ranging from $ 6 billion to $ 10 billion a week, according to insurance company Allianz. At the same time, the trade growth decreased by 0.2% to 0.4%. The cost of chartering a ship from Asia to the Middle East increased by 47%, to $ 2.2 million. Some shipping lines have chosen to detour to avoid the Suez Canal – such as through Cape Hao Vong. This means that travel times, costs and fuel will also increase, affecting a wide variety of industries – from retail, supermarkets to manufacturers around the world. The exact amount of damage is really difficult to calculate until the canal is fully cleared and the trade continues. Many UK companies have said they are still waiting to know when the goods will arrive. Some even have stock right on the ship Ever Given. Although the ship was freed, some expressed concern as the canal was still congested. Many companies even think of using air for transportation, which means the cost will be tripled. Perhaps, it is very rare that the world has seen such a tremendous impact from a stranded ship. Source: BBC

26-year-old excavator driver Abdallah Abdelgawad The incident attracted worldwide attention. As a very important trade route for the world economy, the temporary closure of the canal caused the name Suez to appear in newspapers and social media posts. Photo: Reuters The size difference was too great between the two objects The image shared with dizzying speed of a small excavator trying to rescue the giant ship has surprised many people. The huge difference in the size of the two objects makes one think of an ant trying to get an elephant out of troubled waters. Abdallah Abdelgawad, who operated the small excavator, did not expect to become famous on social media one day. However, from anonymity, he actually became a star widely praised. At 7:00 a.m. on Tuesday, March 23, Abdelgawad arrived at his workplace as usual. However, the gates are closed and prohibited from entering. “I asked a person and he said there was a boat blocking the canal,” said Abdelgawad, 26. He and his colleagues returned to their residence at Al Arbain, 30 minutes away. An hour later, Abdelgawad received a call from his manager, asking him to immediately go to the east bank of the canal. A Suez Canal Authority car was waiting to take him away. “I told him we were not allowed into the work site because a ship was blocking the channel,” the manager said. “You will come to work on that ship,” recalled Abdelgawad. While the authorities attempted to rescue the ship, Abdelgawad alone dug the silt under the giant ship’s bow. He worked nonstop for more than a day until someone else changed his shift. For the next 5 days, he only had 3-4 hours of rest in each working day to clear the maritime route connecting the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. After extraordinary efforts, including a contribution from Abdelgawad, the super ship Ever Given was successfully rescued. In those days, when his family was worried about his health and phoned every day to inquire, pictures of the giant ship by the excavator were circulating on the Internet. “On social media, they said the excavator and me with the ship were like” ants and an elephant. ” At first I was sad, but then it felt normal that we were finally able to rescue the ship, ”Abdelgawad said in an interview. “On Monday, I was really exhausted. But when the ship was successfully rescued, I caught a video as it started to move,” he said proudly. My Facebook account and said that this achievement is due to my tiny miner. I feel as if I have won a war, “he added. Abdallah Abdelgawad takes a selfie with his excavator. – Photo: Facebook Abdallah Abdelgawad Abdallah Abdelgawad poses with workers at the spot along the Suez Canal, where the container ship Ever Given was stranded. Abdelgawad is paid 3,000 Egyptian pounds ($ 190) a month for his work as a excavator. After this incident, he was greeted as a “hero” when he returned to his small village on the outskirts of the city of Shirbin in Daqhaliyah province. “I know I did something big, when everyone gathered around me I felt proud and my dad said,” You made me proud. ” My phone still keeps ringing. I want to sleep, but I can’t sleep, ”he laughed. “My life has changed because of those pictures.” Even though his social media posts have earned him popularity, Abdelgawad has a message he wants to reach out to all those who mock him. “Don’t make fun of the weak or look down on them. This tiny excavator played a huge role in moving a ship more than 500 times its size. Now, I feel extremely proud of what I have done. I hope you all are proud of me too. ” Said Abdelgawad.

Comedian Jimmy Kimmel relates it to an artery blockage that caused capitalism’s heart attack. An association could not be more relevant. Ever Given gets stuck, but that’s not just its own business. Nearly 400 other ships that wanted to cross Suez were also stuck, causing $ 9.6 billion in trade value to stall.

Obviously no ships were sunk and the cargo will arrive sooner or later but they are slow. Slowly, that’s how capitalism has changed man’s notion of time. If you asked someone who lived in the 17th century about a timetable, they would wonder what the hell you were asking about. Until the 18th century, people just invented a timetable to manage train times. But, it was not until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that industrialists had to optimize it and bring it into economics as an indicator of efficiency. That is, it was only when the capitalists appeared that the expression “time is money” was born.

The image of the pitiful little bulldozer is rescuing the Ever Given super ship into a photo-processing phenomenon on social networks for many days.

Not only that. The Ever Given ship stuck for 6 days in the Suez Canal, Egypt, causing the country to lose $ 12-14 million per day. 6 days seems to be a very special time for Egyptians. In 1967, the Israeli army also landed in Egypt to wage a six-day war over the Arab coalition and as a result Israel then took control of the Gaza Strip, east of Jerusale, the Sinai peninsula, the west bank and Golan Heights.

In retaliation, Egypt closed the Suez Canal and reopened it in 1975. That coincidence is a sign that, if we look closely, the story of the incident in Suez might suggest more.

And, that’s right. Since its inception, Suez has always been a mirror to the world, even if we want to, we can see very clearly the many stages of human history over the past 150 years, only through the lens of Suez: from the owner. colonialism in Africa, to the Cold War and then globalization.

In the mid-19th century, a French diplomat proposed to invest in Egypt building a canal connecting the Mediterranean with the Red Sea, and the creation of that artery was also the beginning of a dark chapter of Africa, when the continent began to be torn apart by Europe. Just before Suez’s inauguration, Khedive (Viceroy) of Egypt defaulted and was forced to sell part of the ownership of the Suez Canal to England – so a colonial dispute broke out between England and France, culminating is the Fashoda event, where the British won Egypt and the French kept only Morocco. So, from the outset, that canal has been a metaphor for a change in power structure.

However, the troubled political situation in Egypt led the British press to coined the term “Egyptian question” as a way of expressing doubt and fear that the occupation of the Suez Canal would pose a threat. Castle. Little is said about, that the formation of the Suez Canal led to the creation of a gothic literary movement about the supernatural forces of the rising ancient Egyptian civilization to destroy the enemy. Even Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the immortal series of Sherlock Holmes, could not stand out from the trend and he has a short story “Lot No.249” revolving around an Egyptologist who brings back so many antiques. You should get revenge by the zombies.

And, the story of these ancient curses “can be read as a symbol of both a desire for power to fully hold the Suez Canal and the fear of losing it,” as scholar Ailise Bulfin in Trinity College wrote in an essay.

It was the middle of the 19th century. Also until the middle of the 20th century, this time everything changed after 2 world wars. Colonialism is coming to the conclusion of many colonial countries’ struggle for national liberation and a newly formed context: the Cold War. The historic arena now belonged to the Soviet and American powers, a battle that Hopkins University’s foreign relations professor Michael Mandelbaum likened to a sumo fight, in which two fat brothers worshiped. and stomped his feet but barely actually touched each other. With unmatched value, the Suez Canal is of course indispensable for a role on this sumo ring.

The British Air Force prepared to attack Egypt during the Suez Crisis of 1956.

On October 29, 1956, the British – French – Israeli coalition attacked Egypt after its decision to nationalize the Suez Canal, opening the “Suez Crisis”. And, like all events in the world at the time, it was actually still a matter between the US and the Soviet Union, though they might not “show up” directly. Why does the Egyptian government want to nationalize Suez? It is in response to the US unwillingness to fund the construction of the Aswan Dam on the Nile. And who is willing to lend Egypt $ 1.12 billion to implement this project? Who else but the Soviet Union.

What was even more interesting, however, was that the United States did not want to attack Egypt. Therefore, President Eisenhower’s government has pressured allied countries to leave, with Britain alone, Eisenhower threatened to sell bonds in pounds, which would cause immeasurable damage. for UK finance. Frightened, Britain withdrew its troops and suffered a dull face. Historians today conclude that the Suez Crisis “marked the end of the UK’s role as one of the great powers in the world” and that the demise of old empires like Britain or France only caused The dichotomy between the US and the Soviet Union became more solid.

Then after a few decades, when the walls fell, the Cold War was finally in the past. What defeated it, replaced it, was globalization, according to author Thomas L. Friedman in “The Lexus and the Olive Fishing”. Friedman’s famous book was first published in 1999 but up to now, it is still accurate. We are still living in the era of globalization, globalization becomes more and more apparent in every corner of our lives.

And, just in time when the new power structure is going into smooth operation, the Ever Given ship’s trauma on the Suez Canal reveals to us the fragility of the global supply chain. In his book, Friedman makes a statement: “The greatest threats to globalization originate in itself. This system has the potential to destroy itself ”. Among the “self-destructive potentials” mentioned by Friedman, one comes from “too tight connection”.

Only one ship, but accounts for more than 13% of all cargo that goes through the sea. Just one ship, can cause total damage of about 400 million USD per hour and 10 billion USD per day. And, no country can say this incident has no effect on us, just that the effect will come soon or a little later. It was an incident no one ever thought could happen, but it still happens. And, the whole world could suffer just because of the negligence of a handful of people. The weakness of globalization lies in that. And this time, will the Suez Canal herald a structural change in the world? Some experts say that, most likely, the Suez incident will promote the transport of knowledge and technology, instead of the physical cargo. Let’s wait and see.

But, also does not rule out this possibility, a possibility that has been mixed with the Egyptians in recent days. The number is that before Ever Given was trapped, Egypt was moving 22 mummies to the new museum and because of the “cemetery of the tombs”, the mummies of the Pharaohs were cradling a curse that caused bad luck to the world. It sounds nonsense, but it shouldn’t be taken literally. In fact, the curse of the Pharaohs is the “olive tree” described by Friedman: it is a symbol of the past, of identity, of tradition, which is grappling with the “lexus” – that is development, integration, industrialization, which is represented by the modern Ever Given supership.

The only thing we can be sure of is that globalization has some small problems, but if not fixed in time, it can have a big impact. Anyway, in ancient times terrible changes in history began with the release of screws.