Overcoming prejudice to pursue passion Jocelyn Bell was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland and Burnell is her husband’s last name, Roger Burnell. Her parents, Allison and Philip Bell, were supportive of her interest in science. Mr. Philip is an architect, credited with building Ireland’s Armagh Planetarium. Her parents’ support was especially important because at the time, girls were discouraged from doing scientific research. In fact, the school she attended, Lurgan College, wanted girls to focus on housework skills. Thanks to the persuasion of her parents, she was finally allowed to study the sciences. Jocelyn Bell Burnell in her youth At the beginning of her academic and research career, she thought that she was not qualified to attend Cambridge University, and she was even ridiculed by male classmates. However, she did not stop striving and in 1965, she graduated from the University of Glasgow with a major in Physics. In 1969, she successfully defended her doctoral thesis at Cambridge University. During her time at Cambridge University, Jocelyn Bell worked on a team led by astrophysicist Antony Hewish that built the Mullard Observatory’s (MRAO) radio-receiving antenna array to observe the quasars. They also created a radio telescope to study quasars, bright distant objects that contain supermassive black holes within them. She detected the first radio signals of a pulsar on October 28, 1967 at the age of 24. This is the first pulsar, a star invisible to the naked eye that can only be detected by radio waves. Neutron stars rotate very quickly and emit beams of radiation, which have a huge gravitational pull. As for the discovery of pulsars, the press described it as “the greatest astronomical discovery of the 20th century”. Jocelyn Bell Burnell’s discovery was also called “one of the most surprising things in the history of astronomy”. Among many other findings, her discovery provided a kind of test for Einstein’s theory of relativity, providing a new treasure of knowledge about how heavy elements in the universe form. However, Burnell’s work was completely ignored. In 1974, together with radio astronomer Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research in the field of astronomical observations at radio wavelengths and the discovery of pulsars. It is unfair that Jocelyn Bell was not awarded a part of the Nobel Prize even though she was also named in the scientific report on the discovery of the pulsar. It was a gender-unfair decision, according to observers. Jocelyn Bell Burnell was honored by US scientists with the attendance of President Barack Obama in 2016. The world recognizes the merits Jocelyn Bell Burnell has taught at many universities in the UK and USA. She has won the Beatrice M. Tinsley Award from the American Astronomical Society (1989), was awarded the Royal Medal from the Royal Society in 2015, the Prudential Lifetime Achievement Award and many others. She became President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and President of the Royal Astronomical Society from 2002 to 2004 and was elected President of the Institute of Physics from October 2008 to October 2010. She was recognized by Queen Elizabeth as Commander of the British Empire for her services in the field of astronomy. Her curiosity, diligent observation, and rigorous analysis have revealed some of the most mysterious and interesting objects in the universe. Not only a pioneer and a great tree, Bell Burnell is also the most outstanding role model in the field, a worthy representative of women in science. She has dedicated her career to empowering women and minorities in science.” Chiara Mingarelli, astrophysicist at the Flatiron Institute in New York, USA Bell Burnell’s discovery had a great influence on world science. In early 2018, scientists at the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) demonstrated the feasibility of using pulsars for navigation in the SEXTANT experiment carried out on the International Space Station. This experiment stems from the idea that future robotic spacecraft could use the pulsar’s clock-like regular X-rays to triangulate the position of the pulsars. There is currently a project to use pulsars as lighthouses to guide the way during space travel. “Analyzing data in other regions, I found two more mysterious signals. I discovered four other examples of an entirely new class of stars, objects that emit signals as they rotate. Their signal swept across the universe like a lighthouse. We called it a pulsar,” she told the Guardian. Jocelyn Bell Burnell and her work on pulsars Pulsars have been used to weigh the solar system and accurately determine its mass. They are recommended signposts for long-term interstellar navigation. Astronomers also use pulsars to create maps that direct aliens to Earth’s position in space. In 2018, physicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell was awarded the Breakthrough Prize – the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, worth $3 million. She used the $3 million prize money to create scholarships to encourage female students, migrants, and disadvantaged ethnic minorities to pursue a career in physics. For a discovery that many consider worthy of a Nobel Prize, she was recognized by the Breakthrough Committee with a special prize in fundamental physics for her scientific achievements and her “inspirational pioneering role”. ” for more than five decades.

Mastering technology, constantly creating… is the “heart command” of Vietnamese oil and gas people. Mission across 60 years Referring to research, development and application of science and technology (Science and Technology) at PVN is a cross-cutting task in the process of formation and development of the Group. Resolution 41-NQ/TW of the Politburo on orientation “Strategy for development of Vietnam’s petroleum industry to 2025, vision to 2035”, as well as Resolution 55-NQ/TW on orientation “Strategy Vietnam’s national energy development to 2030 with a vision to 2045” emphasized: PVN must strengthen the application of scientific and technological advances in the search and increase of oil reserves, production and business. oil and gas, electricity, nitrogen, new energy (shale oil, gas hydrate, hydrogen gas…) to ensure national energy security. General objective PVN’s development strategy especially emphasizes the need to build strong scientific and technological potential with breakthrough solutions. This is considered the driving force and foundation for PVN to accelerate development and develop sustainably. Through 60 years of construction and growth, PVN has constantly improved its research and application potentials of science and technology, actively absorbed advanced techniques and technologies, and promoted creativity and efficiency of existing technologies to achieve level with oil and gas companies in the region and in the world. Hundreds of awards have been awarded for achievements in science and technology of the oil and gas industry, including noble awards such as 5 Ho Chi Minh Prizes & State Prizes in Science and Technology, many VIFOTECH awards… And during the year Currently, continuing to 6 most typical works and projects, the Ministry of Industry and Trade has also been nominated for the Ho Chi Minh Prize & the State Prize in Science and Technology. The Petroleum people who make applied scientific works have worked hard for many years, doing both expertise and research and experimentation. For example, the Cluster of Science and Technology Works “Research and develop technology for design, construction and installation of super-long and super-heavy marine oil and gas projects suitable to Vietnam’s conditions” was deployed and completed after more than 10 years. Research and application of technological solutions in collecting, processing and using associated gas in fields of Vietsovpetro LD Vietsovpetro and neighboring fields has been carried out and deployed continuously for 25 years.. .; the TBM-02 portable synthetic carota metering station system has been researched and manufactured for 21 years; the solutions to apply science and technology to optimize the production process of Dung Quat oil refinery plant are researched and completed. completed in 12 years;… Success of “poor children” The number of benefits and achievements of the above-mentioned scientific works for the Oil and Gas industry as well as for the country, it is easy to ignore the difficult starting factor… But in fact, few people know that starting At the beginning of these scientific works, the Oil and Gas people all embarked on the implementation with the mentality of “the poor children”. The success of PVN’s science and technology cannot be ignored without mentioning the cluster of works “Research and application of technological solutions in the collection, treatment and use of associated gas in fields of Vietsovpetro LD Vietsovpetro and neighboring fields”. . At that time, LD Vietsovpetro could only exploit oil at Bach Ho, but the technology at that time only exploited oil, and the associated gas had to be burned. Meanwhile, the country is seriously lacking electricity for economic development. That fact has prompted Vietsovpetro’s officers and engineers to research and carry out gas collection, transportation, processing and bringing the associated gas to shore for power generation and nitrogen fertilizer production. After oil exploitation, with breakthrough scientific and technological solutions, in the condition of lack of facilities, Vietsovpetro pioneered to bring companion gas from Bach Ho field to shore, creating a leap in the oil and gas industry. Vietnam, creating a foundation for the development of modern gas industry. The story of researching and manufacturing the TBM-02 portable synthetic carota metering station system is also a scientific and technological mark of PVN. In order not to be eliminated from the game of oil and gas services, the staffs of Vietsovpetro Wells Geophysics Enterprise have tried their best to learn and create new things, which are more technologically superior. In those years, Vietsovpetro experts and engineers have picked up equipment of the type “cannot be repaired, cannot be bought” to dissect, research, and then integrate their most preeminent features and manufacturing a general carota metering station costs only $5,000, less than 10% of the equipment price if it has to be imported from abroad. Especially impressed with the word “portable” in the research work made by the equipment of a Russian measuring station in the past, together with the corresponding combined equipment with a mass and weight of up to hundreds of kilograms. Now, Vietsovpetro’s engineers have created a general measuring station that can interpret geophysical data, measure oil-filled fractured rock foundations…weighing less than 10kg, compact as a personal computer multiply. The East Sea Oil and Gas Operating Company (BIENDONG POC) was assigned to research and implement the construction and manufacturing of large works of the East Sea 1 project. In which, the superstructure weighs 12,500 tons and the foot block. The 11,500-ton base of the Hai Thach housing and central technology platform (PQP-HT) are works with a volume exceeding many times that of previous constructions. This is a task that international monitoring and consulting experts consider impossible. However, PTSC Marine Mechanical Services Company (PTSC & MC) – the unit assigned the responsibility, overcame difficulties to complete the project after 2 years. Up to now, with the research, completion and application of the Science and Technology Complex, successful implementation of design, construction, manufacture and installation of super-heavy-heavy drilling rigs, PTSC&MC has become the only international EPCI contractor. of Vietnam to the world market. When Dung Quat Oil Refinery Plant was in operation, the team of engineers and staff of the factory were all apprentices, so they stumbled and problems were inevitable. Therefore, the initial product quality of NM was in a state of “fluttering”. At that time, PVN has determined that to improve the quality of NM operation is a long process. Accordingly, improvement and creativity right in the actual production and operation of the factory has become a regular and continuous action. Although the production and business results of Dung Quat Oil Refinery were not high in the first years, PVN still believes that the young staff and engineers will make efforts to improve the quality of plant operation. Over the past 12 years, more than 30 solutions and initiatives have been completed, increasing the factory capacity beyond design, ensuring product quality to the highest level. Currently, science and technology has been applied in all fields of production and business activities of the Group, especially research focusing on professional and specialized directions. The basic investigation of oil and gas has been actively deployed by PVN and the research results are considered as a reliable scientific basis, having important implications in formulating the development strategy of PVN. helping to make the right decisions and policies in production and business activities. The research, development, proposal and successful application of petroleum science and technology solutions not only bring great economic benefits to the country, but also make important contributions to the science and technology industry. oil and gas of Vietnam and the world. Those are eloquent demonstrations of the creative ability of oil and gas people – who always deserve to be entrusted with the belief to make the impossible possible.