Logo of LG International Corp. Photo: Reuters LG’s lead researcher, Lee Ki-dong, was elected as the President of the Applications working group of the Next G Alliance earlier this month. He will serve a two-year term to lead this group in addressing the requirements of 6G network adoption. Next G Alliance was established by the US Alliance for Telecommunications Solutions (ATIS) in October 2020 to promote the leadership of mobile technology in 6G networks. Next G Alliance has a total of 6 working groups with members from 48 companies in the fields of telecommunications, software and semiconductors. According to LG, 6G technology is expected to be commercialized in 2029, with talks on standardization slated to begin in 2025. The next-generation telecommunications network 6G will bring faster data transmission speeds, lower latency and higher reliability than 5G networks and can bring about the concept of the Internet of Things Ecosystem, to enhance the experience user experience. LG established a 6G network research center with the Korea Research Institute of Science and Technology Development in 2019 and signed an agreement with the Korea Science and Standards Research Institute in 2020 to research new technologies. 6G technology.

This is a program approved by the Prime Minister in 2013, in order to focus on developing synchronously the infrastructure system, human resources and intermediary institutions of the science and technology market in order to improve operational efficiency. application and technology transfer; promote supply and demand relationships for science and technology products and services. Mr. Pham Duc Nghiem – Deputy Director of the Department of Market Development and Science and Technology Enterprises (Ministry of Science and Technology), in charge of Program 2075 – visited the exhibition booth of the research team including Pharmacist Phan Ke Son and Assoc. Dr. Ha Phuong Thu (Institute of Materials Science). This commercialization project is chaired and implemented by the Institute of Materials Science, in collaboration with CVI Cosmetics Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Company with funding from the State Budget and reciprocal funding from enterprises – companies. CVI company for raw materials, machinery and equipment. The close cooperation between scientists and enterprises not only helps the successful research of the project but also transfers the research results into commercial products to the market. However, during the implementation of the project, the Department of Market Development and Science and Technology Enterprises of the Ministry of Science and Technology – the focal unit to implement the 2075 Program – played an important bridging role. , while actively following the project’s tasks, completing the legal environment, improving the efficiency of state management of the S&T market; promote S&T market service activities as well as technology demand and improve technology transfer capacity. Through the 2075 program, with the support of the Department of Market Development and science and technology enterprises, the project has completed the technological process of manufacturing functional foods from three-size nanomaterials and commercializing them. successful technological process as well as functional food products. In addition, the 2075 Program has helped promote the connection between state agencies and agencies, science and technology enterprises, innovative start-ups and intermediaries and thereby improve effective commercialization of technology, contributing to attracting stakeholders to the S&T market.

Google Chrome is one of the most popular browsers today with more than 2 billion users. Photo: EarnGurus Recently, a security researcher from the Project Zero team discovered a critical security vulnerability (CVE-2021-30551) in Google Chrome, affecting many users. Not much is known about this vulnerability, instead, it is only briefly described: “Confusion in V8”. This is a JavaScript engine, used quite commonly on Google Chrome and browsers using Chromium source code (including Microsoft Edge). In a blog post, Google confirmed that the CVE-2021-30551 vulnerability exists in the wild. To limit future attacks, Google Chrome users should update their browser immediately by going to Settings – Help – About Google Chrome (about Google Chrome). When the update to version 91.0.4472.101 is complete, simply press Relaunch to restart the browser. Update Google Chrome browser to the latest version. Photo: Tieu MINH This is the sixth zero day vulnerability found on Google Chrome since the beginning of the year. The latest version of the browser also contains a total of 10 security patches, seven of which are listed as High threat and one is described as Critical. Sharing with BleepingComputer, Kaspersky warned that a new group of hackers calling themselves PuzzleMaker successfully hacked both Chrome and Windows this month, prompting Microsoft to issue an urgent upgrade notice for Windows users. In addition, Kaspersky also recommends that users update their browser and operating system to the latest version to limit future attacks.

Immunity in a person who has had COVID-19 lasts up to 13 months after infection. A study at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis (USA) also emphasizes the effect of vaccination after COVID-19 infection, because some patients under observation have very low antibody levels. In a study by Rockefeller University scientists (USA) who followed 63 people with COVID-19 in the spring of 2020. They found that antibodies are produced by recording B lymphocytes memory becomes more effective in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the researchers also found that “vaccination boosts immunity naturally developed by these people during infection, to the point where they can be protected against new variants appear”. Therefore, once infected with the virus and vaccinated against COVID-19, immunity will be created especially strong. Rosemary ( Femme Actuelle June 2021 )

Automatic disinfection spray device was born to replace human power, invented by a research team at Sao Do University “In order to join hands with the whole country to quickly repel the Covid-19 epidemic effectively, the university’s research team came up with an idea and embarked on perfecting the product. In fact, it can be seen that the automatic disinfection system works very effectively, this is also the achievement of the university’s research team, we are still conducting further research and wish to replicate the model for localities. disease is taking place, reducing human strength” – Dr. Do Van Dinh shared. “This is one of the typical research projects of the university, contributing to quickly repelling the Covid-19 epidemic during this complicated period,” said Dr. Dinh. Immediately after completion, the school cooperated with Hai Duong Provincial Department of Health to install the above 3 systems at 3 provincial quarantine checkpoints (post A) including: In Hoang Tien ward (on Highway 18, adjacent to Dong Trieu town, Quang Ninh); at the beginning of Pha Lai bridge (on National Highway 18, adjacent to Que Vo district, Bac Ninh); and stop at the intersection of Hanoi – Hai Phong highway (the section through Gia Loc toll station). The total cost after completing the installation of the automatic disinfection system is nearly 200 million VND. The device is simple to install, works effectively with traffic through As noted by the reporter, the automatic disinfection sprayer system is designed with 2 devices located on both sides of the lane. On the two devices with sensors attached, the sprayer is suitable for the height of the cars. Each unit has a high-pressure pump motor used to pump disinfectant solution from the fuel tank to the injectors. When a motor vehicle passes by, sensors will recognize the vehicle height to control the pump and pressure valve. Along with that, the nozzles will spray a mist-like solution suitable for the height of the vehicle, including the tank truck; container truck… A representative of the Red Star University research team said that the advantage is that the automatic disinfection sprayer system can operate 24/24 hours, even in sunny or rainy weather conditions. The solution is evenly distributed over the surface of the motor vehicle to save manpower, the solution is faster and more efficient than the manual method as before. Moreover, when passing by, cars do not have to stop but still roll slowly at a speed of 5 km/h, without causing traffic jams. The device not only ensures disinfection spray to prevent epidemics but also ensures traffic and does not cause congestion The nozzles will spray a mist solution suitable for the height of the vehicles Before that, at the beginning of 2021, lecturers of the Faculty of Food and Chemistry of Red Star University researched and continued to produce over 6,000 liters of dry hand sanitizer (Nano silver) to promptly supply to staff, lecturers and suppliers. granted free of charge to agencies and units in the area of ​​Chi Linh city; The faculty of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering successfully manufactured a full-body disinfection chamber with a small, compact design that is convenient to move, operating under an automatic mechanism; research and manufacture 10 automatic hand sanitizer machines equipped in working houses, dormitories, lecture halls and experimental practice centers. In particular, before the complicated development of the Covid-19 epidemic in Chi Linh City and Hai Duong province, to prevent and reduce the risk of infection, to ensure the health of the medical team. With the spirit of initiative, creativity, and speed after 32 hours of work, the school’s staff and lecturers successfully built a robot to transport necessities, donated it to field hospitals, and isolated areas. concentrated in Hai Duong province, contributing to reducing the workload for medical staff and service people.

Wax coconut, a famous specialty of Tra Vinh province. Photo: MD. The Board of Evaluation and Acceptance of Scientific and Technological Tasks of Tra Vinh Province has just accepted the topic “Design and manufacture of equipment to determine the percentage of wax in coconuts” by Dr. Nguyen Minh Hoa, Tra Vinh University as the chair. Wax coconut is a famous specialty of Tra Vinh province. However, determining the percentage of wax in coconuts has long depended on the experience of gardeners. The use of Deep Learning classification equipment helps gardeners determine the percentage of wax in coconuts with the correct probability of up to 95%, determine the percentage of solid wax and liquid wax with 80% probability, should be graded by the council. rather. Mr. Luu Van Nhan, Deputy Director of the Department of Industry and Trade of Tra Vinh province, said that in the past to choose wax coconuts, gardeners’ experience was to shake, but often not absolutely accurate. Nhan said, while still working in Cau Ke, a delegation of the National Assembly ordered 50 waxed coconuts, he asked a reputable agent to collect them. But after asking, I found out that there are many fruits like normal dried coconut. Council for acceptance of coconut wax measuring equipment. Photo: Minh Dam. “In such cases, I believe the gardener is not intentional but just mistaken. Therefore, determining the percentage of waxy coconuts is extremely meaningful to avoid the fact that a 150,000 VND waxed coconut turns into a coconut. dry 10,000 VND. I find this research very close to the actual situation and has high practical application significance”, Mr. Nhan emphasized. According to Mr. Nhan, when applying this device, large-scale farmers, businesses that buy raw wax coconuts, and trading facilities will have more favorable conditions in business, especially the There is no doubt between the buyer and the seller. Now Mr. Nhan wants to buy 50 waxed coconuts, just put it in the machine will have results, from that result the price negotiation will be very close to reality. But Mr. Quick said that, to move towards commercialization, the research team’s product should be improved as compactly as possible for easy portability. The meter for measuring the percentage of wax in coconuts works at the acceptance test of the research topic. According to Dr. Nguyen Minh Hoa, Vice Rector of Tra Vinh University, the knowledge economy is developing in line with the trend of industrial revolution 4.0, higher education institutions play a more important role to find new knowledge, transmit spread knowledge and apply that knowledge through scientific research activities and technology transfer into practice. At the same time, schools need to update the latest research from these scientific research results and transfer this technology into teaching to students in order to improve training quality. Because this is a measure for schools in applying knowledge to create practical values ​​for life. At Tra Vinh University, it is clear that 3 basic components including training, scientific research, technology transfer are inseparable, the development trend expands over time to meet the requirements of educational innovation. university education. Successful research on cordyceps at Tra Vinh University. Photo: Minh Dam. Dr. Nguyen Minh Hoa shared: “Over the years, Tra Vinh University has promoted applied research and technology transfer activities among lecturers and students. In particular, focus on strongly developing the invention space among students and lecturers – makerspace, developing student research groups – IEEE Student Chapter at Tra Vinh University, developing Lab – invention space for students students, lecturers, student cooperative models, student farmer associations, and policies to encourage the incubation of start-up ideas, applied scientific research and technology transfer to serve the community. “. In the coming time, Tra Vinh University will continue to prioritize the implementation of projects to deploy research products with commercial potential, focusing on investing in strong research directions, prioritizing community service and closely associated with businesses, departments inside and outside the province in ordering scientific research and technology transfer.

UC Browser is developed by UCWeb, a subsidiary of Alibaba (China). This is one of the most popular mobile browsers in Asia, with over 500 million downloads on Google Play alone. According to security researcher Gabi Cirlig, UC Browser silently sent iPhone users’ browsing data (even with incognito mode enabled) to UCWeb servers (registered in China, but located in the US). ). This is in stark contrast to the company’s previous statement, which does not record a user’s “browsing and search history” when incognito mode is activated. More worryingly, UC Browser also collects IDs (unique identifiers) to track users across various websites. The collection of user data happens on both Android and iOS versions, not sure what UCWeb is doing with all this information? Interested readers can watch the video at: “This kind of tracking is done on purpose,” Cirlig told Forbes. When compared with Google Chrome browser and some other popular browsers, he found there is no browser like UC Browser. UC Browser just rolled out a new update last week, but the company never mentioned monitoring users’ browsing activity. Currently the English version of UC Browser has been removed from the App Store, but the Chinese version still exists, and unlike the English version, it does not send data back to the UCWeb server. Earlier in 2019, the UC Browser version for Android also violated Google Play’s policies.

Building materials are made from plants (Image: CNET) A research team at the University of Tokyo’s Institute of Industrial Sciences has found a way to create durable, strong building materials that are still edible. These materials are very special as they are made from plants. Mashed cabbage leaves, seaweed and banana peels may not sound appealing, but they can be part of a recipe for sustainable building products. “Our goal is to use seaweed and leftovers to create sustainable building materials,” says Yuya Sakai, a sustainable building materials expert and lead author of an upcoming study on the material. building materials are at least as strong as concrete. But since we are using edible food waste, we were also interested in determining whether the recycling process affects the taste of the starting material.” The team tried a heat pressing technique commonly used to compress wood pulp into building materials. Instead of wood, they are vacuum-dried and then ground into a variety of foods and leftovers, including onion and fruit peels, as well as cabbage. “The processing technique involves mixing food powder with water and spices, then pressing the mixture into a mold at high temperature.” All the products obtained, except for the pumpkin peel, passed the group’s strength and endurance tests. Researchers have found a solution to the pumpkin problem. “We also discovered that Chinese cabbage leaves, which can be made into a material three times stronger than concrete, can be mixed with the material,” said Kota Machida, a collaborator on the project. made from pumpkin to enhance the effect”. The materials are still edible, although the team did not say whether they would be difficult to chew. Even exposing the material to air for four months does not change the taste and there are no problems with insects or rotting. The development of building materials from crushed food is still in the early stages, but perhaps one day you can build a place to live and then use it for food when it is no longer needed.

According to the research team, the new shirt product will help monitor the function of people’s hearts when they participate in activities such as jogging. The sensor is a self-powered device that can detect the wearer’s electrocardiogram, in other words, it will measure the action potential of the heart. In addition to finding ways to make smart devices attached to clothes (including shirts) more comfortable, researchers are also looking at deploying smart devices. into textiles to perform functions such as measurement, energy capture and energy storage. “We leveraged different processes and designs from the nanoscale to the macroscale to see if we could integrate electrical devices,” said Braden Li, a PhD student in the research team. death in textiles or not”. Illustration The shirt with the sensor is actually a project that Braden Li is overseeing. Specifically, the sensor is a low-power self-powered device that can sense a person’s electrocardiogram, which means it measures the electrical potential of the heart. For this project, NEXT is working with Advanced Integrated Sensor and Technology Systems (ASSIST) in NC State, as well as collaborators at Penn State who are building a shirt supercapacitor. However, it’s not as easy as creating a mere wearable that monitors heart activity. “You get all the different wishes and requirements on this smart product. Now you need to link them up on this shirt and make sure it looks good and is washable. You have to make sure it’s comfortable to wear. But that comfort is not suitable for a sensor to work normally; because the device also needs to be stable, it can be difficult to keep balance when mounted on a fashion product,” said Braden Li about the challenges of the research. Marissa Noon, a third-year student studying textile engineering, adds: “Having really smart fabrics is great, but they’re really hard to come by in the real world. It may be uncomfortable for the wearer to wear such fabrics, or the built-in smart devices may not last long… So it’s really important to have a soft fabric so you can stay comfortable. move freely but it still measures accurately.” It is known that the smart shirt product is not the only project that the team is working on. Researchers have developed a smart sock that can reduce the recovery time of a sprained ankle from four to six weeks to two to three weeks, while users can still do it. some movement during the recovery period. “The research and work being done at NEXT is exciting, and the team’s researchers are using their endless creativity to combine technology with art to create unique outfits. thoughtful, useful and comfortable in the future. Keep an eye on our research, because, one day, you may soon find Nike or Adidas products using generations of NEXT devices,” the team wrote. hope.

Bad dreams protect us in real life Most of us have had bad dreams at some point in our lives, although they seem scary, there are actually good sides to bad dreams. Researchers claim that feeling fear in dreams can actually help you better cope with real-life fears. Bad dreams enhance the brain’s ability to react to real-life dangers and frightening experiences. However, in terrifying and traumatic dreams, those benefits are lost and they can actually cause ill effects that continue after awakening. Illustration. Most muscles are paralyzed during REM sleep During deep REM sleep, the stage in which we sleep where most dreams occur, our eyes continue to move but the muscles are paralyzed. According to a study, a set of specialized cells in the brain called motor neurons prevent muscles from moving when we sleep to prevent potential injury. Illustration. Dreams enhance creativity and problem solving Many people have had incredible breakthroughs in their dreams. Whether it is a scientific idea, art, music, novel or film, reality shows that dreams can create real gems and there is a perfectly valid reason backed by science. household. When we dream, our brain is in a different neurophysiological state, allowing it to become more adept at solving problems and finding solutions to things that baffle our minds. . In this state, we experience higher brain activity, which makes the brain more capable of coming up with creative solutions and problem solving. People forget 95% of their dreams We all know how difficult it can be to recall dreams after waking up, not to mention recalling older dreams from weeks, months, or years ago. In fact, we forget up to 95% of our dreams. This is because the changes in the brain that occur when we sleep do not support the information processing needed to store and form memories. Brain scans of sleeping people show that the region that plays a key role in memory formation found in the frontal lobes is inactive during REM sleep. Illustration. Not all dreams have color Although it may sound surprising, not everyone is able to see colors in their dreams. The phenomenon dates back to the 1940s when many people reported having dreamed of black and white. Today, studies suggest that this has to do with the fact that at the time people were exposed to black and white media because color TV had not been invented. To support this theory, a study was conducted on 2 different age groups with different media exposure experiences. People with more exposure to black and white media had more gray dreams than those with more experience with color media. Illustration. Blind people can also have visual dreams People who are born blind can have visual experiences in dreams because they have the same electrical activity in their brains as people with normal vision. However, even though they have visual sensations in their dreams, they cannot describe the experience and conceptualize the feeling as if they had never experienced the sight in their life. Dreams are motivated by memory, so people who lose their vision later in life can experience visual dreams thanks to brain circuits that were formed before they went blind. Illustration. You can’t read in your dreams When we are reading, this is when the right part of our brain is most activated and this is exactly the part of the brain that cannot be reached while dreaming. In fact, when we dream, the entire brain region responsible for language, reading, writing and speaking becomes less active. However, there is an exception to this rule and some people can read it in their dreams. However, this only applies to a small number of people – usually those who think about language and write the most like writers and poets. We only dream of faces we have seen in real life Whether you really miss them or not, you can only dream of faces you’ve seen in the past. Our dreams are drawn from real experiences, so the faces you see in your dreams are the result of your interpretation of actual experiences. Illustration. Dreaming is a real phenomenon We all catch ourselves drifting away with our minds and not being fully in the present moment, almost everyone has experienced this. However, daydreaming, in the real world sense, can happen to some people who are capable of daydreaming so vividly that they almost experience their presence in a different environment. Illustration. Being able to control your dreams By experiencing lucid dreams, you can become aware that you are literally dreaming and thus take control of your dreams. This type of dream is related to a higher awareness of your mental state, and people who have experienced lucid dreams claim that they already knew they were dreaming when they woke up.

The survey was conducted in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City with the access facilities being pharmacies and hospitals – where the majority of people go first when they have health problems and functional food trading/manufacturing companies. The survey and data processing was conducted from January 2019 to October 2019. Pharmacist Phan Ke Son in the laboratory for the production of purple tricolor nano. The research team surveyed patients or people at high risk of osteoporosis such as the elderly, pregnant women,… living in Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City; conduct random selection so that there is 1 pharmacy/hospital for each district, then for each pharmacy/hospital, interview 5-7 customers who agree to participate in the study to ensure 40 customers answer interview. The survey subjects are also representatives or people/units producing/trading functional foods in Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City… The survey aims to find out the supply capacity of manufacturers as well as to find out the competitive market, price and technology of products to support osteoporosis prevention from Quang Ninh three purple sizes, and at the same time, research on the production of products to support osteoporosis prevention. This allows to find out the possibility of providing products to support osteoporosis prevention and the need for technology to manufacture products to support osteoporosis prevention, in order to determine the ability to supply products in the market and search for potential partners. partners wishing to transfer technology to produce products to support osteoporosis prevention. The survey results show that the companies participating in the survey 100% have not yet produced/traded preparations from three sizes of purple, 70% of the companies want to participate in the production/trading of products from three sizes. Violet. In which, 57.2% of companies have production plants. The number of production and research people in the company is less than 50, accounting for mainly (85.71%) and the product production capacity in 1 month is 10,000 products is the highest (57.15%), so the company has equipped and invested in modern and large-scale facilities to serve production. Quang Ninh purple basil tubers. In which, about 55% of companies are expected to supply the market with > 10000 products/month, 20% supply the market with 5000 – 10000 products, the proportion of products that can be supplied to the market is very high. large and the desired cost for a product is 100,000 VND (60%). The price of 100,000 VND belongs to the mid-range segment, everyone can afford the drug. Companies that plan to sell on all channels: retail, online, wholesale, etc. account for the majority (40%), Products sold through stores (directly to consumers) and sales channels. The odd ratio is 15%. Thus, the products of the companies are sold to the market in a variety of channels so that they can reach the people who need to use the products. “Through the survey, we see that the potential for production/business to supply the Quang Ninh market with three size purple products is very large when currently no company/business unit has any products. about three Quang Ninh purple sizes while they have all the conditions for production / business to promote products about Quang Ninh purple products to supply the market in quantity “- Pharmacist Phan Ke Son shared.

Front of Wuhan Institute of Virology Photo: Reuters This information adds weight to calls for a more complete investigation into the possibility that the COVID-19 pandemic virus escaped from this laboratory. The above content is mentioned in a report from the Donald Trump administration, which said that some researchers at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), a center dedicated to research on corona viruses and other pathogens, had fell ill in the fall of 2019 “with symptoms resembling COVID-19 and common seasonal flu.” U.S. officials and former officials with intelligence on researchers in Wuhan expressed differing views on the strength of the evidence outlined in the report. One said that information was provided by an international partner and could be important, but needed further investigation. Others claim that the information is very reliable. “The information that we have comes from a variety of sources and is of very good quality. It is very accurate. What the report doesn’t talk about is the exact reason why they got the disease,” the source told Journal City Wall . Many epidemiologists and virologists believe that November 2019 was the time when SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 pandemic, began to spread in Wuhan. Beijing says that the first confirmed case in the city fell ill on December 8. China has repeatedly denied that the virus escaped from laboratories. On May 23, China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs cited a report published by an investigation team led by the World Health Organization (WHO) after a visit to the Wuhan Institute of Viruses (WIV), saying that the virus leaked from the laboratory. experience is extremely unlikely. “The US continues to hype the theory of lab leaks. Are they really interested in traceability or are they trying to distract? China’s Foreign Ministry said. However, WIV does not share with the WHO team raw data, diaries and lab records where a lot of coronaviruses from bats are studied, the animals that many scientists consider most likely to be the animals. origin of the virus. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said that the team had not yet fully tested the lab leak hypothesis, so further investigation was still needed. There is an opinion that the article of Journal City Wall appearing before the upcoming WHO meeting was to heat the matter up again. But the Biden administration declined to comment on the intelligence report, saying only that all credible theories about the origins of the pandemic should be investigated by WHO and international experts. Abnormal point Shi Zhengli, the leading expert on bat coronaviruses at the WIV, said that the virus did not come out of the place where she was working. She told the WHO investigation team that all staff here were negative for COVID-19 antibodies and there were no staff changes in the corona virus research team. In February, Dutch virologist Marion Koopmans, a member of the investigation team who traveled to Wuhan, told NBC News that some WIV staff members fell ill in the fall of 2019, but she attributed it to common seasonal illnesses. “It’s normal to get sick from time to time. Nothing outstanding. Maybe 1 or 2 people. It’s not a big deal,” Koopmans said. Beijing even suggested that the virus could have originated outside of China, including a laboratory at the Fort Detrick military facility in the US state of Maryland, and then called on WHO to investigate the first COVID-19 outbreaks. in other countries. But most scientists see no evidence to support the idea the virus originated in a US military lab, and the White House says there is no credible reason to investigate the facility. . It is normal for Chinese people to go to the hospital for medical examination and treatment when they are sick, because family doctor services are not yet common. COVID-19 and seasonal flu, although two different illnesses, share many of the same symptoms, such as fever, cough, and aches and pains. However, it is worth noting that members of the same corona virus research team were sick and had to be hospitalized with similar symptoms, before the disease was detected. David Asher, a former US official who led the State Department task force to investigate the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic under Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, told a Hudson Institute panel in March that he suspects suspected that the WIV researchers were sick at the same time from the common seasonal flu. “I highly doubt that three people with good protective clothing working in a third-degree lab caught the flu and were hospitalized with severe symptoms in the same week that had nothing to do with the coronavirus,” he said. Asher said, these three people could be the “first known COVID-19 outbreak”.

Nathan Copeland controls a robotic arm using electrodes implanted in his brain. Published in the journal Science, the team say their work demonstrates that adding sensation to the technology significantly improves the function of prostheses for quadriplegics, compared with based solely on visual cues. Nathan Copeland, 34, told AFP: “I am the first person in the world to have a device implanted in the sensory cortex that scientists can use to stimulate my brain directly. And then, I felt like I had a real feel in my flesh and blood hand.” In 2004, Copeland was involved in a car accident that left him with a severe spinal cord injury and quadriplegia. He volunteered for scientific research and six years ago he underwent major surgery to implant tiny electrodes in his brain. Two sets of 88 electrodes the width of a human hair are arranged like tiny combs and penetrate deep into the cortex, which controls motor function. According to Associate Professor Rob Gaunt of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the University of Pittsburgh, co-leader of the study, fewer than 30 people in the world have received such a transplant. What’s unique about Copeland’s case is that an additional set of electrodes is connected to his dorsal cortex, which receives and processes sensations. The idea of ​​sending haptic feedback to the tactile sensory cortex dates back decades, but doing so in a controlled and understandable way by brain circuitry used to be a major challenge. After Copeland underwent surgery to install the electrodes, the team was truly thrilled. Then came the decisive moment, when they tried sending the first tactile signal. “It felt really fuzzy,” Copeland recalls. He asked them to try again to make sure it was real. Before the interface could work with the robotic arm, the scientists had to perform a series of tests on Copeland. First, they needed to learn which electrodes cause what sensation when activated and which fingers are associated with them in order to set up the robotic hand correctly. They also made him watch a video of the robotic arm moving left or right and recorded the electrodes lighting up when he was asked to “think” it was him controlling it. Copeland sat next to a black metal robotic arm and was asked to pick up a series of small objects such as rocks and spheres and place them in a box – when the tactile sensors were turned on or off. He can complete each task in an average of twice as fast when the sensors are activated, and can even perform more complex tasks like picking up a glass and pouring its contents into a glass. another cup. The team wanted to further refine the prosthetics because they didn’t want to just do science experiments in the lab, but wanted to actually make devices that would be useful to people. Copeland has set up his brain-computer interface at home when the Covid-19 pandemic shut down universities and has used his downtime to learn how to draw on a tablet and even play video games. death. He does this by using his mind to send signals directly to the computer, instead of using his arms to press buttons.

The Arctic ice is melting fast. Arctic – the “unusual” ocean The trial was carried out with funding from the Office of Naval Research. Scientists have described the underwater “hydrogen bomb” as one of the mechanisms that arise due to global warming. This is the factor that is changing the nature of the Arctic Ocean faster than almost anywhere else on Earth. It is also evidence that the Arctic sea ice – a source of global climate stability, can disappear more during the year. “The rate at which ice melt in the Arctic is increasing is difficult to predict with precision. This is partly due to all the complex local feedbacks between the ice, the ocean and the atmosphere. This work shows a huge role for warm water from the ocean,” said Jennifer MacKinnon, a scientist, physical oceanographer at Scripps and lead author of the study. The study was published in the journal Nature Communications. Meanwhile, Dr Yueng-Djern Lenn, a physical oceanographer at Bangor University’s School of Ocean Sciences, said: “It has been a privilege for us to collaborate with our American colleagues. Thanks to that, we were able to make biochemical measurements in this field experiment.” According to this expert, the nutrients and isotope data they collect are extremely useful for tracing the origin of the melting ice. It also allows scientists to explore the impact of fluid dynamics on deep nutrient delivery for phytoplankton from shelf seas into the Beaufort Sea basin. The Arctic is an unusual ocean in that it is stratified into layers according to salinity rather than temperature. Most of the world’s oceans have warmer and lighter water near the surface. Meanwhile, the water will be cold, denser underneath. However, in the Arctic there is a cold and clear surface layer, influenced by currents and rapidly melting ice. Warm, relatively salty water enters from the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait and then into Barrow Canyon off the northern coast of Alaska. They act as a nozzle when water flows through a narrow passage. Because the water is saltier, it is thick enough to “submerge” or submerge below the arctic surface. This movement creates very warm standing bodies of water hidden beneath the surface of the water. The number of these warm subsurface pools of water has increased over the past decade, the scientists found. These pools of standing water known as “fusion bombs” are only stable enough to last for months or years. They lie beneath the main ice near the North Pole. These standing waters then destabilize the ice, as their heat gradually and steadily diffuses upward to melt the ice. Researchers deploy Fast CTD.u A detailed look at the process The process of warm water sinking has not yet been observed and understood. Without a clear understanding of this process, climate scientists cannot include that important impact in predictive models. The study suggests that warm water flows from the Pacific Ocean have increased over the past decade. This is seen as additional evidence that Arctic sea ice, a source of global climate stability, can disappear for a large part of the year. During a 2018 expedition funded by the US Office of Naval Research, scientists spotted one of these dramatic events for the first time. The team used a combination of new oceanographic instruments developed by the Multilayer Ocean Dynamics group at Scripps. The satellite observations were analyzed by researchers at the University of Miami. The data profile is prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Meanwhile, biological samples were collected by British and German scientists working on a project called “Changing the Arctic Ocean”. In addition, many scientists at several other institutions were responsible for detailed data analysis. “The team’s success highlights new perspectives we can see about the natural world when we see it in new ways,” said Scripps oceanographer Matthew Alford. A detailed look at the complex processes that regulate heat transport in the Arctic would not be possible without multiple sets of equipment, he said. These include remote sensing, as well as an automatic profiling machine developed at Scripps. Tools from the Scripps Multiscale Ocean Dynamics team include a customized “Fast CTD” sensor. As a result, quick configurations are created from the ship. In addition, an automatic “Wirewalker” uses energy from ocean waves to drive configuration measurements. These tools allow scientists to obtain high-resolution images of the ocean’s complex processes. From there, get a better understanding of how they work in detail. This work also highlights the importance of collaboration among many institutions, between several US funding agencies, and international partners. Collaborative work with scientists in the UK and Germany shows that warm water below the ocean’s surface also carries unique biochemical properties into the Arctic. This combination of organisms and chemicals is thought to have important implications for the changing arctic ecosystems.

Human anatomy documents were found in the tomb of Lady Xinzhi who lived during the Han Dynasty of China. Photo: Ancient Origins. A research team at Bangor University (UK) and Howard University (USA) conducted an analysis of an ancient document discovered in 1973, when archaeologists unearthed the tomb of Madame Tan Truyen. [một quý tộc sống trong thời Hán] at the Ma Vuong Doi burial ground in Hunan province, China. They concluded that this is the oldest manuscript on human anatomy dating from the 3rd century BC (BC) to the 2nd century BC, about 2,200 years ago. The study results were published in The Anatomical Record in September 2020. The document is written on silk in the dialect of the Han Dynasty which is difficult to understand. This makes it difficult for experts to interpret the content. “People discovered the document more than 40 years ago, but no one knew it was an anatomy book,” the team said. “We spent a lot of time learning ancient languages ​​to read and understand the characters written on silk, and also performed anatomical investigations to review the body structure to which the text refers.” The document discovered at Ma Vuong Doi is the precursor to the famous acupuncture text Hoang Di Kinh. Although the text does not explicitly mention acupuncture points, it does describe the meridians and the working pathways of the whole body qi and blood. These are basic concepts that are still widely used in traditional Chinese medicine today. The scientists compared the physical features detailed in the brochure with modern observations of the human body. For example, the literature describes a meridian that begins at the center of the palm, travels along the tendon of the forearm to the armpit, and connects to the heart. The team believes that this description actually refers to the passage of the ulnar artery, the main blood vessel of the forearm. Another example is a brochure describing a foot meridian. It starts at the big toe and runs along the muscles that connect the ankles, knees, thighs, and abdomen. This meridian actually describes the path of the long saphenous vein, the tube that carries blood from the legs back to the heart. The research team said that the document was created with the purpose of providing a concise description of the human body structure for practitioners of medicine in ancient China. “This work lays the foundation for the practice of acupuncture for the next two millennia,” said the team. “It challenges the popular belief that acupuncture is not based on anatomical science, by showing that the first physicians to write about acupuncture knew quite well the anatomy of the body. people”. Although evidence-based studies have confirmed acupuncture’s ability to manage chronic pain, in Western medicine it is still doubtful that acupuncture is an effective method to treat many patients. other diseases. The ancient Chinese document is not simply a mystical work based on unfounded ideas, but a legitimate attempt to describe the structure of the human body from the perspective of a person living in the background. ancient oriental culture. “We approach the ancient manuscript from a slightly different angle from modern Western medicine’s view of the individual system of arteries, veins and nerves in the body. We looked at the body from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, based on the philosophical concept of the opposites and complements of yin and yang,” said Vivien Shaw, a member of the research team at the School of Science School of Medicine at Bangor University, said. In ancient China, the development of anatomy was generally considered unrelated to dissection. This is due to Confucian ideas of filial piety, which make people afraid to touch the bodies of the deceased, especially the remains of ancestors. On the other hand, this thought had far-reaching influence during the Han Dynasty. Therefore, many people believe that any description of the human body in contemporary Chinese medical texts is not based on an internal examination of the human body. However, the team says the bodies of law-breakers are not always respected. It is likely that ancient Chinese medical researchers dissected the bodies of executed prisoners to help them understand the structure of the human body. For example, in the content of the Han Shu book series, which mainly tells the history of the Han Dynasty, the dissection of the criminal Vuong Ton Thanh in 16 AD is also recorded. “We were able to show significant similarity between the descriptions in the ancient literature and the human anatomical structure. Interestingly, some of these structures can only be seen during dissection. This is evidence that the Chinese have begun dissecting bodies for medical research,” said Izzy Winder, a member of the research team. To date, it is believed that the oldest human anatomy atlas originates from ancient Greece. Their authors are famous physicians such as Herophilus (335 – 280 BC) and Erasistratus (304 – 250 BC). However, these works are now lost and they are known only through the accounts of other ancient authors. “Therefore, the ancient Chinese manuscript is the oldest surviving work on human anatomy. Its content is built not on the paranormal but on empirical investigations,” the team wrote. In addition, the research results also show the outstanding achievements of the ancient Chinese in terms of science and medicine. “The Han Dynasty was a period of constant learning and innovation in the arts and sciences. So it’s not surprising that this kind of anatomical science was born in this context,” said Vivien Shaw, a member of the research team.

The scientific experiments were led by Leibniz Institute of Animal and Wildlife (Leibniz-IZW) and chaired by Professor Richard A. Holland (Bangor University, UK) and Dr. Gunārs P ē tersons (Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technology). It shows that now the cornea of ​​the eye is the site of an important sense in bat migration. A bat’s directional sense is its eyes. If the cornea is anesthetized, the otherwise reliable sense of orientation will be disturbed while the ability to detect light remains unaffected. The paper was published in the scientific journal Communications Biology. In the bats of one experimental group, the scientists locally anesthetized the cornea with a drop of oxybuprocaine. This surfactant is widely used in ophthalmology, where it is used to temporarily desensitize the cornea when the human or animal eye is over-irritated. However, an effect on orientation has not been noted before. In another experimental group of bats, the team anesthetized the cornea of ​​one eye. Individuals in the control group were not given anesthesia, but were instead given isotonic saline as eye drops. All animals in this scientific experiment were captured in a migratory corridor on the Baltic coast and released individually in the open field 11 km from the place of capture. First, the scientists used bat detectors to ensure that no other bats were in the field at the time of releasing the test animals. The direction of movement of the released bats was observed without knowing how the bats were treated experimentally. Dr. Oliver Lindecke, first author of the paper, explains: “The control group and the anesthetized group with unilateral corneas clearly oriented to the expected south, while the bats with corneas were anesthetized. both sides fly in random directions.” He added: “This clear difference in behavior suggests that corneal anesthesia has disrupted the sense of direction, but orientation seems to still work well with one eye. The corneal treatment wore off after a short time, and the bats were able to continue their journey south after the trial.” To rule out the possibility that an irritated cornea also affects visual sensation and that the scientists could therefore draw erroneous conclusions, they performed an additional test. Again, they examined whether the bats’ response to light changed after anesthetizing the corneas on one or both sides. “We know from previous research that bats prefer a illuminated exit when leaving a simple Y-shaped maze,” explains PD Dr Christian Voigt, head of the Leibniz-IZW Department of Evolutionary Ecology . “In our experiment, animals that were anesthetized either unilaterally or bilaterally also showed this preference; we can therefore rule out that light vision has been altered after corneal treatment. The ability to see light will of course also affect long-distance navigation. ” For instance, many vertebrates such as bats, dolphins, whales, fish and turtles can safely navigate in the dark, whether it’s under the open night sky, when it’s cloudy at night or in caves and tunnels as well as in the depths of the ocean. For decades, scientists have searched for a sense or a sensory organ that enables animals to perform navigational and orientation tasks that seemed unimaginable to humans. Magnetic sensation, so far only demonstrated in certain mammalian species. Experiments show that iron oxide particles in cells can act as “microcompass needles”, as is the case with some species of bacteria. The team’s experiments on Lindecke and Voigt provide for the first time reliable data for determining sensory orientation in migratory, free-migrating mammals. Exactly what a bat’s cornea looks like, how it works, and whether it is a long-sought magnetic sense need to be pointed out in future scientific investigations.

The security hole exists for more than 3 years, but Intel has not been able to fix it. Photo: CIO Indeed, 3 years have passed, and there is still no end to the vulnerability. Meanwhile, experts from the University of Virginia and the University of California, San Diego, have discovered a new attack method that bypasses all current Specter protections built into the chip. This attack method has the potential to put almost any system – desktops, laptops, cloud servers and smartphones – once again at risk. Revealing Specter ushered in a wave of more powerful attacks, allowing malicious code to directly read passwords, encryption keys, and other valuable information from the computer’s kernel memory. Although chip manufacturers such as Intel, ARM and AMD already know this and combine defenses to reduce the threat from vulnerabilities, the methods have not yielded the desired effect. A Specter attack is capable of tricking the processor into executing instructions along a wrong path, the researchers say. Even though the processor recovers and completes its task correctly, hackers can still access confidential data while the processor goes in the wrong direction. The new attack method exploits what is called a micro-operator buffer (called micro-ops), an on-chip component that breaks machine instructions into simpler instructions and speeds up computation, like a secondary channel to reveal confidential information. Micro-op cache is built into Intel processors, manufactured since 2011. According to researchers at the University of Virginia, Intel’s defense proposal against Specter (called LFENCE) is to place sensitive code in a waiting area until security checks are done and only then the code Only sensitive is allowed to execute. However, research has shown how attackers can steal information through micro-op caching and use it as a secret channel. Although exploiting the Specter vulnerability is very difficult, the researchers say that with computers with a lot of sensitive data, hackers do not mind the difficulty. To protect the system from the new attack, the researchers propose to clear the micro-ops cache. This is a technical solution that comes at the expense of performance benefits. According to the researchers, micro-op caching has some dangerous effects. First, it ignores all caching reduction techniques such as side channels. Second, attacks in this zone go undetected like an existing attack or malware. Third, because the micro-op cache is at the front of the path, prior to execution, Intel’s Specter protections or recommendations to limit cache updates are still compromised. public.

MIT has developed a new light-sensitive paint that makes it possible to quickly and easily change colors and textures. Moreover, this type of paint is not expensive. The gecko statue changes color thanks to paint researched by MIT. Photo: MIT. Called ChromoUpdate, MIT’s paint is applied to any product. This paint color is usually quite clean. But when placed under specific frequencies of light, it reveals the underlying pigments. Under UV light, the paint turns black. Within 60 seconds, UV can create gray-toned textures on painted surfaces, anything from printed text to hilly landscapes in high-resolution detail. These patterns continue to remain on the surface after the UV irradiation is stopped. In addition to the gray tone, MIT’s paint has a number of other colors such as CMY color group (green, magenta and yellow). These colors can be mixed together to create a paint that shows all 3 colors at once. To display colors, the researchers shined RGB (red, green, blue) light on the paint, converting the paint to colors that resemble the rays of the light falling on them. This process takes a period of 10 minutes or so for the vignettes to display the correct colors. According to Mr. Michael Wessely, postdoctoral fellow and project research leader, the use of color-changing paint has many benefits. Designers can check products quickly and change colors or textures in minutes. Place the UV projector close to the visible light projector and swivel base to support the object. Photo: MIT. From a broader perspective, Mr. Wessely imagines quickly projecting data onto everyday objects making smarthome systems “smarter” without the need for additional screens in the home. His team has proven they can print text and images right on a cup. For example, you can print a schedule on a cup of water or a reminder on a coffee cup to know when the next meeting is. Besides, people can refurbish their iPhone cases at any time. Instead of buying a new case, users can refresh the old case with their favorite images taken on the internet. According to the Fastcompany , while the color-changing cases are quite attractive, the work has a long way to go before it achieves success in consumer products. UV rays can be dangerous when in contact with the skin, which is why the MIT researchers used a special UV box to house the projector. In areas specializing in the production of color-changing cases, they are fully equipped with safe and convenient machines, so this is no longer a difficult challenge. However, for others, this option is quite expensive and cumbersome, so not many people will invest in this paint and hope to apply it to products such as bumpers, car covers, etc. The second problem is that these designs will fade over time, because UV rays are everywhere. Mr. Wessely said the paint can maintain color and contrast for about 2 days in an office environment, which is already away from the sun (which contains UV rays). If you take out the products that are coated with color-changing paint, it will significantly shorten the color fastness time. Color changing phone cases. Photo: MIT. While the idea of ​​painting a new design on an iPhone case or coffee cup will help with the problem of fading, this habit may be difficult for many people to maintain. Another more desirable aspect that Mr. Wessely’s team is working on is bringing color-changing paint technology to the fashion sector. They are developing fibers that can be re-woven into anything like clothing or shoes… with properties like light-sensitive dyes. This led Mr Wessely to believe that they could integrate tiny light bulbs into clothing that would make the wearer stand out. In this case, when the light is in close contact with the dye, the discoloration process is more efficient. “We can make the color change instantaneously, even under a second,” says Wessely. Besides, he said it is possible to use a coating that absorbs ultraviolet rays. Imagine a t-shirt that changes to a new slogan every hour, or a purse that changes color to match that day’s outfit. To create such a product, the team would have to create specialized yarns and a software that can put printed patterns onto textiles; This fabric can stretch and contour the human body. According to the Fastcompany , this idea is not easy to implement, partly because the field is relatively young. “Usually you have 10 years of studying something. But we are only just beginning to explore this new field,” said Wessely. The process by which objects change color when UV light hits it The idea of ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​The idea of ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​The idea of ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​The idea of ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

How the fake Google Chrome app infiltrates the phone Specifically, the crook will initially send you an SMS and ask to pay a small fee to receive the parcel. When the user clicks on the attached link, the screen will display a message asking to update the Google Chrome browser (actually fake software) and pay 1-2 USD fee to receive the goods via credit card. use. If you do, the crooks will instantly get your credit card information and take your money. In addition, the malware also uses the device to send about 2,000 phishing SMS messages per week to random phone numbers. According to the researchers, the malware’s propagation speed is relatively fast, able to target hundreds of thousands of users in a short time. How to limit? The researchers recommend that users absolutely do not give out credit card information to strangers. Also only update apps directly through Google Play or the App Store, do not click on suspicious links, even if they are sent by friends or relatives.

1.8g of SiC requires about 177 kW / h of energy. Researchers have proposed a new way of turning plants into a valuable industrial material called silicon carbide (SiC). In a new study, scientists at the Salk Institute (USA) have converted tobacco and corn husks into SiC. These findings are critical to help researchers evaluate and quantify carbon uptake strategies. “The study gives a very careful calculation of how this valuable substance is made and how many carbon atoms are removed from the atmosphere,” said study co-author Professor Joseph Noel of the Salk Institute. SiC is also known as carborundum. This is a super hard material used in ceramics, sandpaper, semiconductors, and LEDs. Salk’s team used a previously reported method to convert plant materials into SiC in three stages. First, the researchers planted tobacco plants from seeds, which were selected for the short growing season. They then pulverized the harvested plants and treated it with a number of chemicals, including silicon-containing compounds. In the final stage, the starch plants are turned into rocks to give SiC. This process involves heating the material to 1,600 degrees Celsius. “We have demonstrated that carbon can be isolated from agricultural residues such as corn husks,” said study author Suzanne Thomas. Thereby, a green material is created ”. Through elemental analysis of plant meal, the authors measured a 50,000-fold increase in carbon sequestration from seed to laboratory plants. This is a demonstration of the effectiveness of plants in reducing atmospheric carbon. When heated to high temperatures to freeze, the plant material loses some of its carbon as a variety of decomposition products. The researchers calculated that the generation of 1.8 g of SiC requires about 177 kW / h of energy. Most of the energy (70%) is used at the freezing step. The current SiC manufacturing process has comparable energy costs, the authors note. Therefore, the team thinks that new technologies produced by renewable energy companies could reduce energy costs. In the future, the team expressed hope to explore this process in a variety of plants, especially species such as horsetail or bamboo. These are species that contain large amounts of natural silicon.

Panoramic cave area Panga ya Saidi, Kenya, where ancient tomb is excavated Despite being home to the earliest indications of modern human behavior, early evidence of African burials is scarce and often ambiguous. Therefore, very little is known about the origin and development of the continental burial practices that gave birth to mankind. Pang ya Saidi has been an important site for the study of human origins since excavations began in 2010 as part of a long-standing collaboration among archaeologists from the Max Planck Institute on the Faculty. Study Human History (Jena, Germany) and National Museum of Kenya (Nairobi). Repeated excavation seasons at Pang ya Saidi now help establish it as a key site on the East African coast, with a special 78,000-year record of cultural, technological and iconic activities. original human. Parts of the child’s bones were first found during the excavation at Pang ya Saidi in 2013, but it wasn’t until 2017 that the feature of the small bone-filled pit was completely revealed. About three meters below the existing cave floor, the shallow, round hole contains bones that have decomposed tightly and are very difficult to decompose, and should be stabilized and plastered at the scene. New findings in the laboratory After being reassigned, the remainder was taken to the National Museum in Nairobi and then to the National Research Center for Human Evolution (CENIEH) laboratories in Burgos, Spain, for further excavation and analysis. Two teeth were exposed during the initial laboratory excavation, leading researchers to suspect that the remains could be human. Subsequent studies at CENIEH confirmed that the teeth belonged to a child between 2.5 and 3 years old, later nicknamed ‘Mtoto’, meaning ‘child’ in Swahili. Through months of intense excavation in CENIEH’s laboratories, spectacular new discoveries have been made. Professor María Martinón-Torres, director of CENIEH, explained: “We started to explore parts of the skull and face, with the intact joint of the lower jaw and some uneven teeth. The articulation of the spine and ribs is also surprisingly preserved, even preserving the curvature of the chest. It showed that it was an intact burial and the decomposition of the body took place in the hole where the bone was found. ” Microscopic analysis of the bones and surrounding soil confirmed that the body was quickly covered after burial and decomposition took place in the pit. In other words, Mtoto was intentionally buried shortly after death. The researchers also suggest that Mtoto’s bent body, found to be reclined to the right with the knees pulled towards the chest, represents a tightly wrapped burial with deliberate preparation. Martinón-Torres noted that this community may have performed some form of honor ceremony. The burial was different among modern humans and Neanderthals The child’s date (Mtoto) is 78,000 years ago and it is the oldest known human burial site in Africa. Later periods from the Stone Age of Africa also included many children, perhaps signaling special treatment of children’s bodies in this ancient period. Human remains have been found on an archaeological level with mid-African Neolithic stone tools, a distinct type of technology believed to be more involved than hominins. Ndiema noted: “The link between this child burial tool and the Stone Age played an important role in proving that Homo sapiens was the exact producer of these particular industries, in contrast to other hominin species ”. Professor Michael Petraglia of the Max Planck Institute in Jena noted: “The burial of Pang ya Saidi shows that the dehumanization of the dead is a cultural practice shared by Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. This finding raises questions about the origins and evolution of corpse burial rituals between the two human species is closely related and the extent of this behavior is far from that of people today.

The bat’s sense of direction are the eyes. Mammals see with the eyes, hear with the ears, and smell with the nose. But which senses or organs allow them to direct their migration, sometimes beyond their feeding area and thus require extensive orientation? Scientific experiments led by the Leibniz Institute for Animal and Wildlife Research (Leibniz-IZW) led by Professor Richard A. Holland (Bangor University, UK) and Dr. Gunārs P ē tersons (Latvian University of Life Sciences and Technology). It shows that the cornea of ​​the eye is now an important sensory site for bat migration. If the cornea is anesthetized, another sense of reliable direction is disturbed while its ability to detect light remains unaffected. The article was published in the scientific journal Communications Biology. In the bats of an experimental group, the scientists localized the cornea with a drop of oxybuprocaine. This surface anesthetic is widely used in ophthalmology, where it is used to temporarily desensitize the cornea when the human or animal eye is overly irritated. However, the influence on the orientation has not been noted before. In another group of experimental bats, the team anesthetized the cornea of ​​one eye. Individuals in the control group received no anesthesia, but instead received an isotonic saline solution as eye drops. All animals in this scientific experiment were caught in a migration corridor on the Baltic coast and released individually in open fields 11 km from the capture site. First, scientists used bat detectors to ensure that there were no other bats in the field at the time of releasing the test animals. One observes the movement of the released bats not knowing how the bats have been treated experimentally. Dr. Oliver Lindecke, the first author of the paper, explains: “The control group and the one-sided corneal anesthetic group had a clear orientation to the expected south, while the bats with the cornea were anesthetized. the two sides fly in random directions. ” “This obvious difference in behavior suggests that corneal anesthesia disrupted the sense of direction, but the ability to orient seems to still work well with one eye,” he added. After a short time the corneal treatment ended, the bats were able to resume their journey south after the test. ” To rule out the possibility that an irritated cornea also affects visual sensations and so scientists could have come to the wrong conclusion, they performed an additional test. Again, they tested to see if a bat’s response to light changed after anesthesia on one or both sides. “We know from previous research that bats prefer a illuminated exit when leaving a simple Y-shaped maze,” explained PD Dr. Christian Voigt, head of the Leibniz-IZW Department of Evolutionary Ecology. . “In our experiment, animals under one or two side anesthesia also showed this preference,” he said; we can therefore rule out that light vision has been altered after corneal treatment. Light visibility will of course affect long-distance navigation as well. ” For example, many vertebrate species such as bats, dolphins, whales, fish and turtles can navigate safely in the dark, whether it is under the open night sky, when it is cloudy at night. or in caves and tunnels as well as in the depths of the ocean. For decades, scientists have been searching for the senses or a sensory organ that makes it possible for animals to perform navigation and navigation tasks that seem unimaginable to humans. The magnetic sensation has so far been demonstrated only in some mammals. Experiments have shown that iron oxide particles in a cell can act as “microscopic compass needles”, as is the case with some species of bacteria. The team’s experiments on Lindecke and Voigt provide, for the first time, reliable data for the determination of sensory orientation in free-migrating, migratory mammals. Exactly what a bat’s cornea looks, how it works, and whether it is a long-sought magnetic sense needs to be pointed out in future scientific investigations.

With Lost Mode enabled, AirTag will send out a signal to one of the billions of Apple devices around the globe, then send a notification about the user’s iPhone to they visit Apple’s location site (found.apple.com) so that users know the AirTag’s location. Researcher Thomas Roth recently shared a video of his work on AirTag’s performance and progress. Specifically, when the owner of AirTag turns on the loss of device notification, if an iPhone is near, the iPhone will be prompted to visit the page “found.apple.com”. However, with the affected AirTag, the iPhone displayed the researcher’s website. AirTag is a newly launched accessory from Apple Thomas Roth said he hacked into AirTag’s microcontroller, then “flashed” the component again to modify the device’s performance. It took hours to run and caused two AirTags to fail, before succeeding. However, to perform the hack shown by Thomas Roth is not easy, as hackers need to intervene directly in the AirTag without the user’s discovery. But this is proof that AirTag has been hacked and can intervene, similar to the form of “jailbreak” on the iPhone, which means that a device as compact as AirTag also poses a potential security risk. security, requires Apple to have solutions to enhance security on its device.

Billions of T. rex have been wandering North America, a group of experts say. Although not a simple task, paleontologists from the University of California (USA) gave the T. rex dinosaur numbers in the Cretaceous period 65 – 98 million years ago. Challenging work Fossils have long been used to improve our understanding of extinct creatures like dinosaurs, but experts suggest that these skeletons are used to calculate densities and levels. Their abundance is a challenge. Director Charles Marshall of the University of California’s Museum of Paleontology is part of the research team. “There is no information available to make an estimate,” he said. If you find an Easter egg in your garden, how do you estimate how many Easter eggs ever existed? It simply cannot be done. You need information from somewhere else, for example, the density of the Easter eggs, how many years they can be found and how many Easter eggs have been placed in the garden. Paleontologist Nizar Ibrahim at the University of Portsmouth (UK) is not involved in the study. “Previously researchers tried to estimate things like the size of the Tyrannosaurus’ habitable area and their basic energy needs, so this is an extension of the work,” he said. before that, including many updates about Tyrannosaurus ”. There are 20,000 T.rex dinosaurs in North America T.rex is predicted to have a lifespan of 28 years. Using fossil records, densities and data from climate models, the University of California team calculated that about 20,000 adult T. rex, living across North America, could exist at the same time. . In a study published in the Journal of Science, researchers say this means that about 2.5 billion T. rex have lived and died over a period of nearly 2.5 million years – a process The dinosaurs live. For the first time, the team also calculated the lifespan of dinosaurs. Using scientific literature and expert opinion, they estimated T.rex’s adult age to be 15.5 years and its lifespan could reach around 28 years. The average adult body weight of this dinosaur is about 5,200 kg and a growth after maturity can make them weigh up to 7,000 kg. From the above estimates, the team concluded that each generation of T.rex lasted for about 19 years and there was a dinosaur for every 100 square kilometers. They determined that, with 20,000 permanent dinosaurs and about 127,000 generations of this species, there would be about 2.5 billion T.rex overall. “The researchers’ approach seems informative, while also pointing to current limits on what can be done,” said Jason C.Poole of the Bighorn Institute of Paleontology (USA). learned from the known “. “I’m sure it opens the door to better focus on questions about population density and what it means over time. So this can really help us understand how animals change over time as it is related to evolution and changing ecosystems, ”said Mr. Poole. The researchers estimated that the population density of T. rex was equivalent to 3,800 carnivorous dinosaurs in an area the size of California, but only 2 in an area the size of Washington DC. . Open up the possibility to find out more information A T.rex dinosaur could have an average weight of 5.2 tons. Meanwhile, the results also allow the authors to determine that only about 1 in 80 million T. rex is preserved as fossil remains. “The big impact of this study may be how rare the fossils are, they represent only a fraction of the individual organisms that ever existed, not to mention the depth of time and the rate. it happened in a few thousand to a million years, ”Mr. Poole said. Study co-author Professor Marshall of the University of California said, “In a way, this is a paleontological exercise of what we can know and how we can know what. there… It’s amazing what we know about this dinosaur so we can calculate more information.Our understanding of T. rex has expanded greatly over the decades. Through more fossils, more analytical methods and better ways of integrating information through known fossils ”. Mr Ibrahim sees other possibilities stemming from this study. There is a lot we don’t know about T.rex’s physiology, behavior, and food environment, he said, but this study offers an interesting approach to estimating abundance and prevalence. conservation of dinosaurs. “I would love to see it apply to the other dinosaurs we know from fossils. Looking at a wide range of dinosaurs, predators and prey, we can better compare dinosaur animal communities to modern ones, ”he said. What we see is superficial, according to Ibrahim, and even with this fascinating research, there is still a long way to go for us to confidently apply these approaches widely in research. save dinosaurs.

Illustration. That could improve your chances of discovering organisms in distant worlds. How to find exoplanets Since 1999, a process of detecting exoplanets called the transit method has found thousands of other worlds by measuring the brightness of the stars that these planets orbit around. No one knows if these planets have any life, but if scientists observe the Earth using this method, they will probably detect signs of life. Once those signs are identified from Earth observations, experts can then find similar clues in the exoplanets. Scientists have recently described this approach as a mission called the Earth Transit Observer (ETO). This year, they presented this at the 52nd Moon and Planetary Science Conference. Most of the exoplanets we know of are found by transit, according to the US NASA Space Agency. Modern telescopes such as the Kepler Space Telescope and the Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) can detect exoplanets when the path of a planet dims a star’s light overnight. slice. This is true even for stars thousands of light-years away. Scientists can estimate the magnitude of a planet based on the amount of light it is blocking and calculate the size of its orbit. The size and temperature of a host star as well as the distance between the planet and the star will provide additional clues as to whether exoplanets have life or not. The measure of transit can also hint at an exoplanet’s atmosphere. During a transit, a star’s light is filtered through atmospheric molecules. This could help researchers identify elements like oxygen and methane there. Such signs are often so small that astronomers need more transit observations to confirm the existence of these elements – according to a statement by the scientists. However, other factors on exoplanets and stars can affect the reading of molecules in the atmosphere. For example, planets change with the seasons, weather patterns and ocean currents. In addition, the activity of the Sun, such as the rise and fall of the solar wind, and the formation of solar storms also change. Any of these conditions can shape the behavior of the atmosphere, thus potentially affecting the proportion of molecules and elements in their atmosphere. Illustration. Finding “New Earth” Lead author Laura Mayorga of the planet-finding mission article in the Journal of Planetary Science says that, to understand those variables, “you need to know your stars as well as predict your planets. what do you look like ”. This can be a challenge when both the stars and the exoplanets are alien. “This is a very difficult problem,” says exoplanet astronomer at Johns Hopkins University’s Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel Maryland (USA). Luckily, scientists already have all of those answers for a pair of inhabited planets and stars. That is our Earth and the Sun. For the ETO mission, a small satellite with a device capable of imaging near-violet to near-infrared light spectrum will observe the Earth as it passes in front of the Sun. The spectrophotometer will check for water and carbon dioxide markers as well as biological markers – oxygen and methane, ozone and methane. Besides, it is to point out the favorable conditions for life (of course, also to see if the signs are unique to Earth or not). The transit technique used in such an investigation would be similar to the technique used by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to study some of the thousands of exoplanets, scientists say. know moving through their host stars ”. Since we all know the climate change on Earth and the patterns of the Sun’s activity, scientists can observe how they affect the reading of atmospheric molecules and then apply them to our observations. close to the “new Earth”. “The Solar System is the only place where we know all the answers. We can test our technique, point out limitations and make a connection between the results, ”said Mayorga in the statement -“ Then we can connect that with Unanswered observations from exoplanets ”. Scientists plan to submit the ETO proposal to NASA’s Astrophysical Pioneer Program in the fall of 2021.

The team at Kyoto University Japan has created inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPS) that can overcome the immune system’s failure to accept transplanted cells in cell treatments. The research team is headed by lecturer Akitsu Hotta at the iPS Research and Application Center of Kyoto University. The team said they used gene editing to replace proteins on cell surfaces, which can cause the immune system to reject transplanted cells. According to the researchers, through animal testing and other means, they have confirmed that the iPS cells they generate reduce the risk of transplant rejection. IPS cells can be used to create cells that can regenerate any type of tissue in the body. Their method is able to generate 7 types of iPS cells and is applicable to more than 95% of the Japanese population. Previously, researchers at Keio University – Japan submitted a proposal to the Government for a clinical trial using iPS stem cells to treat patients with spinal cord injuries. Each year, about 5,000 people are said to lose the ability to move their limbs due to spinal cord injuries, the disease currently has no effective treatment. IPS cells can be used to create replacement cells for any tissue in the body. The team’s goal is to transplant cells into the patient so that these cells develop into nerve cells that transmit signals from the brain to restore the ability of the patient to move arms and legs. Japanese researchers have also made significant strides in their efforts to seek treatment for Parkinson’s disease (fibrillation paralysis). According to the group of researchers, for the first time in the world they have successfully transplanted iPS stem cells into the patient’s brain. “We did the transplant for the first time. The patient is recovering well now ”. GS. Ryosuke Takahashi at Kyoto University said. They performed this groundbreaking surgery recently, which implanted 2.4 million iPS cells into the brain of a 50-year-old male patient. The purpose of this procedure is to prevent Parkinson’s disease from causing depleted neurons. business. The research team will follow the patient for about 2 years to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this method. Not stopping there, the above research group has developed iPS into the precursor cells of the reproductive cells. These cells were then cultured for about 3 months, in the same box as the oocytes isolated from the pups. The team claims to have obtained spherical cells with large cell nuclei. After analyzing the shape and characteristics of these cells, the team concluded that these are oocytes, the precursors of oocytes. The team says the work will help develop techniques for making human eggs from induction pluripotent stem cells. They can explain the cause of infertility through research on egg formation. Stem cells can develop into every other type of cell in the body. Breakthroughs … The pioneer in this technology is the laboratory of GS. Shinya Yamanaka at Kyoto University, Japan. In 2006, he published four genes with specially coded transcription factors that help transform from adult cells to multipotential stem cells. Together with Professor John Gurdon, he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Biomedical Sciences for “discoveries of adult cells that have the ability to be reprogrammed to become multi-potential stem cells”. Previous studies have concerned that reprogramming adult cells into iPS poses major risks, making the method limited in humans. For example, if a virus is used to alter the genotype in a cell, some oncogene expression genes are likely to be activated. However, scientists have announced the invention of a technology that helps to remove cancer-causing genes after multi-potential induction, making the application of iPS in the treatment of human diseases become more feasible. time is over. Currently, iPS cells are opening up a promising research direction in the treatment of genetic diseases in humans such as Down or polycystic kidney disease. In addition, iPS cells from impaired patients, which are not observed in iPS cells from healthy people, also provide additional physiological insights into these diseases. Nguyen Hung ( (Theo japantimes, nature) )

Hackers can obtain sensitive user’s information through the vulnerability in AirDrop. Photo: TU Darmstadt. “An attacker could obtain a user’s phone number and email through AirDrop,” the team said. “They just need to use a device with Wi-Fi capable, reach the target at close range to start the mining process by opening the sharing feature on iOS or macOS device.” According to the 9to5mac There are two steps in the mechanism of AirDrop action leading to this critical vulnerability. First, in order to provide users with the option “Contacts Only” in the AirDrop sharing feature, Apple devices silently collect information on devices within the connection range. To see if the “other party” is in the contacts list, AirDrop uses a mutual authentication mechanism, comparing the user’s phone number and email address with the entries in the address book. The device authentication step in the directory can be exploited to get information. Photo: Monica Chin. In the next step, data is exchanged for both parties. Despite encryption, Apple uses a relatively weak hashing mechanism. Security experts can decompile the hash using a simple technique like a brute-force attack. The team addressed the AirDrop vulnerability with a more secure approach, they named PrivateDrop. However, Apple did not move after being warned of the risk of personal information leaks and privacy breaches. In the immediate future, experts from the Technical University of Darmstadt advise users to protect themselves by disabling AirDrop discovery in the system settings and not opening the share menu. The detailed results of the study will be presented at the USENIX security Symposium taking place in August. Why does iPhone not have USB-C port? In the past 5 years, USB-C has become the suitable connector for a wide variety of devices such as Android phones, laptops and tablets. However, Apple still doesn’t make iPhones with USB-C ports.

A new species of pumpkin toad has been discovered in Brazil. Researchers have uncovered a new species of pumpkin toad that is orange in color, fluorescence glow in the dark and is as small as 1 cm in size in Brazil’s Atlantic forest. This amphibian, Brachycephalus rotenbergae, is a relative of at least 36 species of pumpkin toad, named after the pumpkin popular for Halloween. Like the venom-releasing frog, the pumpkin toad’s vibrant color signals predators that their skin carries a toxin that can be lethal. This new species of pumpkin toad was recently described in the journal Plos One . They were found in extensive research efforts across Brazil to find new pumpkin toads. The identification of the organisms is crucial to the country’s biodiversity conservation, especially in areas with as many species as the Atlantic forest, where 93% of its area is lost, experts say. Initial cover due to deforestation and agricultural development. A small pumpkin toad crawls past the bright orange mushroom, which is a common feature of their habitat. Brazil has the highest number of amphibian species in the world, at least one thousand species. But amphibians worldwide are among the most vulnerable groups of vertebrates, especially when it comes to climate change. Lead researcher Professor Ivan Sergio Nunes Silva, scientist at São Paulo State University, said: “As a scientist, the happiest moment is when you see something new and you are the only one. best know. But unfortunately, today, we are losing undetermined species faster than the rate at which new species are described. Interesting story about new toads Images of the newly discovered pumpkin toad. Photo: Plos One. Professor Nunes and his team found the pumpkin toad B. rotenbergae through 76 field surveys between 2018 and 2019 in the Mantiqueira Mountains 2,132 meters above sea level. They spent hours wandering the cliffs and streams flowing through the forest. Most pumpkin toad species are quite similar. They are particularly tiny frogs, among the smallest in the world with a length of just over a centimeter and often have bright, tangerine skin that secretes a powerful nerve agent. Back in the lab, the team took DNA samples from 71 toads and compared them with samples of known pumpkin toads. They also analyze their physical characteristics, bone structure, behavior and record their mating calls to determine that this is a new species. The new pumpkin toad, for example, is smaller than other known toads, with a smaller snout. Other unusual features include black, matte patterns on the skin and a preference for living at higher altitudes in the Atlantic forest. The creatures cannot hear the sound of their calls because their ears are not yet developed, Nunes said. “Their communication is basically visual, because these toads can communicate by opening their mouths,” he added. In particular, it is a mystery that B. rotenbergae has bone fragments on its skull and back that fluoresce and can glow through the skin under ultraviolet light, a wavelength that they can see, But humans are not. Only two other pumpkin toad species are known to emit fluorescence, Nunes added. He doesn’t know what fluorescent bones are used for, but they might play a role in communication. This species has patches of bones on its skull and back that glow green through the skin under UV rays. Photo: Plos One. There is much more work to be done Professor Michel Varajao Garey, of the Latin American Institute of Natural Sciences and Life (ILACVN), said Professor Nunes and colleagues’ approach is comprehensive. Such a thorough approach could “reveal unknown diversity” and possibly reclassify some mislabeled species. In fact, up until this study, the authors say, B. rotenbergae was misclassified as B. ephippium because it looked so similar. The number of new species is unknown, but Nunes and his colleagues hope to conduct more surveys to find out where it lives, as well as look for more pumpkin toad species. Most of the rest of the Atlantic forest are protected in nature reserves, but these areas are still threatened by deforestation, climate change, and land use change. Although deforestation rates are declining in Brazil, more than 28,000 acres of forest land were cleared in 2018. Professor Nunes hopes the discovery will inspire governments and organizations to better take care of their resources, including closely monitoring endangered species. “Nature is only stable if it’s complex enough,” says Professor Nunes. This shows that biodiversity is paramount for a country as large as Brazil. “

A primitive drawing on Pa Tém mountain with 4 people holding hands (big circle) and 1 dog behind (small circle). The mystery of high frescoes Mural – a term used to refer to drawings on erect cliffs. In Vietnam, archaeologists have discovered many prehistoric frescoes on the cliffs in Lang Son province, Cuc Phuong National Park area of ​​Ninh Binh province … In the highland district Quan Hoa, in addition to the drawings on Mount Pa Ti on the bank of the Ma River near Hoi Xuan town, recently discovered some more drawings on the Pa Phùng range in Phu Nghiem commune. Together with two researchers on history – folklore Ha Nam Ninh in Ba Thuoc district and Pham Van Cuong in Quan Hoa district, we arrived at the foot of Pa Phien mountain. Right along the inter-communal road leading up to Vinh Quang Ho tourist area of ​​Phu Nghiem commune, the mountain with another name translated from Thai into Kinh language is “Nui Ong” with a high cliff of hundreds of meters. Because we were entangled in the luxuriant wood canopy that obscured the view of the paintwork, we had to move to the luong forest of the people quite far away. From a distance of hundreds of meters, but using the zoom camera lens close, still clearly recognized the red paint on the high, located about 50m from the ground. Although not really sharp in terms of art, but with the naked eye, we can also recognize that this is a picture of 2 people holding hands, one big and one smaller. The size of each “person” is about the size of adult gloves, the head is simply a round shape, without eyes – nose – mouth, and hands and feet are clear, but do not draw in detail each finger, toes. About 500 meters away from the way the birds fly, a “prehistoric picture” with richer drawings has been seen by local people for many generations on the Pa Ter mountain range in Cham village, Xuan Phu commune (old). It has now been merged into Phu Nghiem commune. In Thai, Pa Tém means “Nui Ve”, or mountain with drawings. The name of the mountain range since ancient times no one knows, perhaps also comes from these red frescoes. Standing on the right bank of the Ma River, pictures on the cliffs can be seen right on the left bank of the river about a few hundred meters away. Although being blurred by the natural factors over many generations, it is not difficult to recognize 4 figures of people in the state of walking quite quickly, the tallest figure of the second person is about 40cm, the remaining 3 people. 30cm high. Approximately 1 meter away is a picture of a red animal quite clearly, with long legs equivalent to the body. There is also a red line between the people and the animal, but is blurred, and it is difficult to recognize the specific shape. The position of the lines is also about 10m from the edge of the river, on a smooth cliff, it is difficult for anyone to get up. According to Pham Quang That, 71-year-old Thai ethnic group, former Chairman of the Veterans Association of Quan Hoa district, who was born and raised in the Cham village – right next to the Pa Tém mountain range since childhood: We grew up and saw the features This drawing already. My grandfather said, from previous lives, he said he grew up seeing these red pictures. When we were a child, we were breeding buffaloes on the banks of the Ma River. During the dry season, we still swam to the other side, competing with each other to throw stones and pebbles to see who threw the closest high to the painting. Many locals also told us that, when it rains, the wet the cliffs become, the clearer and redder the lines are. The problem is, on a steep cliff, about 50m high, how can the ancients come up to draw? Are the drawings from prehistoric times, when the cliffs were still low, after geological changes or earthquakes and then emerged as high as today? What kind of message do the owners of the paintings belong to, what message do they leave to the next generation? What is the red material depicting with something that still does not fade for hundreds, even thousands of years? And many other questions are still unresolved mysteries that need to be studied and explained on the scientific basis. Some scientific explanations According to researchers, the more primitive the brush strokes, the more ancient the ability of the owner of the strokes in time to us. “Regarding the history of the Muong Ca Da land – where there are the above-mentioned murals, although this is now the area where Thai people live, in ancient times, the whole area includes districts of Ba Thuoc, Quan Hoa, Quan Son .. is living by the Xa people (one branch is the Kho Mu people today). Together with the delegation of Associate Professor, Dr. Nguyen Lan Cuong – a leading expert in archeology and archeology in Vietnam, I discovered Ma Xa cave not far from this Pa Tém mountain, and discovered the corporal remains according to custom. Xa people about 16,000 years ago. Many other caves have been discovered on the cliffs in Quan Hoa, Quan Son and Ba Thuoc districts also quite a lot, with the remains buried in the Xa style. Thus, in addition to the assessment that the drawings are of the Thai people, it is not excluded that the above mysterious “pictures” are of the Xa people who used to live here “- shared researcher Ha Nam Ninh. Mr. Cao Bang Nghia, a researcher of Thai culture in Quan Hoa district also wondered: “The name of Pa Ti mountain, which means“ Nui Ve ”, has existed since ancient times, the red paintings we have been approaching for decades. before. The drawing on Pa Phùng mountain was only recently known because bushes were growing around, and lying on high. There are still many mysteries that have not been decoded, cannot confirm when the drawing dates back, possibly thousands or even thousands of years ago. Observed with the naked eye, we perceive that this is a drawing made of red material, not the stone carving station. So what is the drawing with that substance that will not fade? In fact, the cliffs with this drawing are all oriented to the west and southwest, so the intensity of sunlight in the afternoon is very great, not to mention rain, wind, weathered rocks … Not long ago , when we showed the photo to cultural researcher Hoang Tuan Pho, he considered that the drawing material could be “earth king”. This is a red, iron-rich soil that was often mixed with some minerals and resin to paint in the ancients. It can penetrate deep into the grain, last a long time. Through research, in China, Indonesia and some Southeast Asian countries, scientists have also discovered many prehistoric murals on cliffs quite similar to those in Quan Hoa district. If so, what message did the ancients leave? According to researcher Ha Nam Ninh’s speculation, based on the drawing of two people holding hands on Pa Phep mountain, it is possible that the ancients expressed the desire to love couples, maybe this is the group kissing period. moving to the progressive stage, marking the breakup of the cave habitats, the activities of maintaining the outdated pair of kissing pants ?. Another comment is that, after seeing the photos we took, researcher Hoang Tuan Pho said that the picture of 4 people and an animal on Pa Tém mountain could reflect an old hunt. All of the above explanations are only conjecture and deductive. If there are petrographic research, analysis, materials and drawing dating and the participation of leading scientists, it is possible to decipher many unexplored mysteries. The legend of Pa Tém mountain painting In the process of finding a solution to the mysterious mural, we also collected folk tales related to the painting on Pa Tém mountain. This is a story in Thai language, about the story of 4 people and beasts on a cliff, passed by word of mouth in the form of folk literature, so no one knows since when. Researcher Cao Bang Nghia is a local Thai ethnic minority, so he previously collected, recorded and could read every sentence. The content of the legend is translated as follows: In the olden days, in the area of ​​Muong Moc and Muong Sang (in Son La province), there was a man who created the muong as Chu Sang. He married A Giam in the Trung Son (Quan Hoa) region today, after giving birth a girl with a beauty of diving fish, inclined to tilt the water. Due to the bad time, Chu Sang fell in love with his daughter and wanted to marry him. People in Muong objected to boycott and not allow them to live. Chu Sang built a raft, with his daughter – also a wife, a servant and a dog, who went to the river to live in. Heaven saw that Chu Sang’s work was unlawful, so he punished the flood to wash the raft. The raft continued to go down the Ma River, to the Mo Tom area of ​​the Cham village, Phu Nghiem commune, the river changed river so the raft drifted into the cliffs of the Pa Tém range. This is the king of the Dragon King, so a voice can be heard from the cliff: If you and your family want to live, give up that bad idea, otherwise I will sink the raft immediately !. Mr. Chu Sang hurriedly took gold, silver, and jewels to throw in the river for Dragon King and asked for his life but still did not want to change his mind. The Dragon King refused to release Mr. Chu Sang and caused the swirling water to gradually sink the raft, the daughter, the servant and the dog were submerged in the Ma River. Regretting his actions to cause disaster, before the raft drowned, Mr. Chu Sang asked Long Vuong to be painted on the cliff of animals and family members to pass on to the next generation. After finishing the painting, the raft and the Chu Sang muong were also pressed deeply into the water stream. The verses of this passage are memorized by many locals: Frankly shabby / Frustrated shabby / Shagged shaggy howl. Translated into: Line one drawing a picture of her / Line two drawing pictures / Drawing pictures of the midwife and maids / Drawing a dog with closed ears, a big mouth, and standing ears. The pictures on the cliffs are completely consistent with the content of hundreds of lines long poetry still circulating locally. According to that content, the second highest person is a muong, the smaller one is probably a girl and the other 2 people behind are servants. The animal not far away was the dog that was carrying. However, both researchers Ha Nam Ninh and Cao Bang Nghia expressed the viewpoint: This is just a legend story, possibly after a long time of frescoes, which were composed by folk to explain the drawings. available that they observe every day.

People were tested with Nano Covax vaccine phase 2. In phase 2, the volunteers were divided into 4 groups, including groups of injections with doses of 25mcg, 50mcg, 75mcg and placebo. All 3 doses of 25mcg, 50mcg and 75mcg injected to volunteers were immunogenic, of which the 25mcg dose level is considered to be the most effective. The research team will report the results of phase 2 to the Ministry of Health. It is expected that on April 27, it will submit to the National Bio-Medical Research Ethics Council of the Ministry of Health a plan to deploy the clinical trial injection of Nano Covax vaccine phase 3. According to the plan, Nano Covax vaccine in this phase will be tested in large groups, from 10,000 to 15,000 people, starting from May 5-2021. The research team is expected to propose a single test injection dose of 25 mcg. Previously, as reported by the New Hanoi News, Nano Covax was the first Covid-19 vaccine in Vietnam to be injected for clinical trials in humans, researched and developed by Nanogen Technology Joint Stock Company. In phase 2, there were 560 volunteers registered for the trial, expanding the subjects from 18 to over 60 years old, of which, some people had background diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, heart disease. 1 degree circuit … not too heavy. The test vaccination of Covid-19 Nano Covax vaccine phase 2 was held at two bridge points: the Military Medical Academy and the Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City (participating in the study, conducted in Ben Luc district, province. Long An). For objective reasons, there were 4 people who asked to withdraw from the list of experimental injections. As a result, 556 people completed the second phase of Nano Covax vaccine trial. Step 1: Access to https://www.bluezone.gov.vn or directly download at App Store or Play Store. Step 2: Once downloaded, the app will ask for Bluetooth permission to record contact with other Bluezone installed users. If Bluetooth isn’t open, drag the status notification bar and turn on Bluetooth; Or go to Settings, select Bluetooth and turn it on. Step 3: After the installation is complete, click Scan Around. If someone near you less than 2m has used Bluezone, the application will automatically identify these users and put them on the contact list.

India is one of the worst affected countries, with many areas often covered in smog with dangerous particles of dust floating around. The Lancet Medical Journal’s “Global Burden of Disease” study estimates that pollution caused about 1.7 million premature deaths in India in 2019 – almost 18 percent of all deaths. in this country. New Delhi capital sinks in air pollution – Photo: AFP Based on this study, a new analysis by consulting firm Dalberg Advisors shows that air pollution reduces productivity, reduces consumer and tourist spending, costs Indian businesses $ 95 billion. each year, equivalent to 3% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country. Director of Dalberg Asia – Gaurav Gupta said: “Clean air is a prerequisite for businesses to thrive. Industry leaders should take more ownership and become advocates of the movement for cleaner air. According to a report by the Clean Air Fund, a charity, the estimated number of years of work lost due to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths is estimated to have cost India’s economy $ 44 billion in 2019 because air pollution. In addition, Dalberg says the effects of pollution on the health of Indian workers cost them 1.4 billion sick days a year, or about $ 6 billion in lost revenue.

The change in the importance of words over time for social media posts. The program will then model how they evolve over time. This new tool is expected to help the medical industry combat misinformation online. “A lot of machine learning studies involve misinformation,” said Courtney Shelley, a postdoctoral fellow with the Modeling and Information Systems Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and co-author of the study. Social media focuses on identifying different types of conspiracy theories. Instead, we want to create a more cohesive understanding of how misinformation changes as it is spread. People tend to believe the first message they get, the expert explains. So in the future, the health sector can keep track of which theories are attracting attention on social media. From there, help the health sector create real information, prevent the public from “accepting” fake news. Under the title “Thought I want to share first”, the study used anonymous Twitter data to describe four Covid-19 related topics. Using the collected data for each topic, the team built random machine learning models or artificial intelligence (AI). Then help classify whether that information is wrong or not. “This allows us to observe how individuals talk about this information on social media and see changes over time,” says co-author Dax Gerts. Research shows that posts that contain misinformation carry more negative emotions than usual. At the same time, these fake news tend to develop over time. Because, they are “augmented” details from other topics as well as events in the real world. Furthermore, the study found that surveillance machine learning could be used to automatically identify conspiracy theories. In addition, the unsupervised learning method can be used within each topic, to uncover changes in the importance of words. “It is important for health officials to know how conspiracy theories are evolving and attracting over time. If not, they run the risk of unintentionally making fake news publicly. So it’s important to know how conspiracy theories are changing and how they can incorporate other theories or real-world facts. As a result, helping to strategize coping with factual disclosure campaigns, ”said researcher Courtney Shelley.

However, scientists in the UK have linked the consumption of red meat, such as beef, lamb and pork, to impaired heart function, including smaller ventricles, poor heart function, and arteries. harder. The scientists studied nearly 20,000 people, and found that high consumption of red and processed meat was linked to three different cardiovascular health conditions. Processed meats, such as sausages and bacon, are those that have been preserved by smoked or salted, processed or added chemical preservatives. There is some evidence that red meat alters gut microbiota, leading to higher levels of certain metabolites in the blood, which in turn is associated with a higher risk of heart disease. Previous studies have shown a link between high consumption of red and processed meats, which may increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease. Hamburger lovers may have to consider switching to a variety of plant-based alternatives that are now more common on supermarket shelves, as well as better for the environment. Last month, a team of researchers from Canada linked the risks of cardiovascular disease, like heart attack and stroke, to the consumption of processed meat. Additionally, a 2018 study found that regular consumption of red meat could increase the levels of chemicals that cause cardiovascular disease by more than 10 times. Study author Dr Zahra Raisi-Estabragh of Queen Mary University, London, said: “Previous studies have shown a link between high consumption of red meat and an increased risk of heart attack or death. died from heart disease. We examined the relationship between meat consumption and cardiovascular health imaging measures for the first time. This may help us understand the underlying mechanism of the previously observed association with cardiovascular disease ”. The long-term study investigating the contribution of genes and the environment to the development of health problems included 19,408 participants from UK Biobank. The researchers examined the association between self-reporting of red meat and processed meat consumption and heart anatomy and function. Three types of heart health measures were analyzed, one of which is blood vessel elasticity, a marker of good health. The analysis is adjusted for other factors that may affect the association, including age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol, exercise, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and only body mass number (BMI). The researchers found that high consumption of red and processed meats was associated with a decrease in cardiovascular health indicators of all the measures studied. People who eat more meat have smaller ventricles, poor heart function, and stiffer arteries, all of which are signs of poor heart health. Specifically, people who eat more meat have smaller ventricles, poor heart function, and stiffer arteries, all of which are signs of poor heart health. For comparison, the researchers also examined the relationships between heart-imaging measurements and eating oily fish, which is known to be good for heart health. They found that as the consumption of oily fish increased, heart function improved and the arteries more elastic. Dr Raisi-Estabragh said: “The findings support previous observations of the association between red meat consumption and processed meat and heart disease, and provide an understanding of heart structure and function. , blood vessel. It is thought that these factors may be the reason for the observed association between red meat and heart disease. For example, maybe eating more red meat leads to increased cholesterol in the blood and this in turn causes heart disease. Our research shows that these factors play a role in the relationship between meat intake and heart health, but they are not all. The study did not look at replacement mechanisms, the authors note, and admitted that it does not actually cause cardiac dysfunction. “This is an observational study and cannot assume the cause, but overall, it seems plausible that people limit their intake of red and processed meats for cardiovascular health reasons,” said Dr. Raisi-. Estabragh said. The research is being presented at the ESC 2021 Preventive Cardiovascular Conference, an online scientific conference of the European Heart Association (ESC). Dr. Shireen Kassam, a hematologist and senior lecturer at King’s College Hospital, who was not involved in the study, said observational data valuable for several decades indicate eating red and processed meats. increased risk of development and death from coronary heart disease and heart disease. “It’s no surprise that participants who consumed the most meat had evidence of impaired heart function and blood vessels,” she said. Research confirms that we must avoid questioning the role of red and processed meat in the diet and act on these research findings. By focusing on effective public health messages to assist people in eliminating these foods from their diet and replacing them with healthier plant protein sources. This will not only improve human health but also benefit the environment. Huong Giang (Source: dailymail)

GS Xiulin Ruan next to new paint The paint is capable of reflecting 98% of sunlight as well as ultraviolet (UV) rays through the atmosphere into the space. During the test, this paint makes the surface temperature 4.50C lower than ambient temperature, even in strong sunlight. It is expected that this paint can be available on the market in 1-2 years. Reflective white paints are now much better than dark roofing materials, but only reflect 80% -90% of sunlight and absorb UV. This means they cannot cool surfaces below ambient temperature. New coatings do this, resulting in fewer need for air conditioners and reduced air conditioning emissions. “Our paint can help fight global warming by helping to cool the earth, which is the coolest point,” said Professor Xiulin Ruan of the research group at Purdue University. According to Professor Xiulin Ruan, painting a roof with an area of ​​93 square meters will save 10kW of electricity consumption of the air conditioner. The substance playing an important role in this new paint is barium sulphate. Unlike conventional titanium dioxide pigments, it does not absorb UV rays. This super white paint uses standard acrylic solvents and can be manufactured like conventional paints, the researchers said. The new paint will cost the same as today’s paints, they added, because barium sulfate is actually cheaper than titanium dioxide. However, it is necessary to evaluate the durability of this paint for a longer time.

To develop space technology, first of all, it is necessary to master the technology of satellite design and manufacture. In the photo: Vietnamese engineers participating in the fabrication of MicroDragon satellite in Japan. Step by step mastering technology Recently, the Vietnam Space Center (VNSC) said that the NanoDragon satellite researched, designed and manufactured by Vietnamese engineers has passed the last “test”, becoming one of 15 satellites. selected by the Japan Aerospace Research Agency (JAXA) to be launched into orbit by the Epsilon missile, as scheduled for Japan’s fiscal year 2021. One of the applications of this satellite by Dr. Le Xuan Huy, Head of the NanoDragon satellite research team, for example, is that it is difficult for ships operating far offshore to obtain positioning signals. If there are satellites in operation, we can receive positioning signals, helping the authorities to monitor the cruise of the ship. In general, Associate Professor, Dr. Pham Anh Tuan, General Director of VNSC said that space technology is a high-tech industry integrated from many different science and technology disciplines to manufacture and adapt. using means such as satellites, spacecraft, boosters, earth stations … to explore, conquer and use space, for the benefit of humans. The race to rise to the sky is where countries show their technological strength and national potential. Therefore, the development of space technology, first of all, the mastery of satellite design and manufacturing technology is very important. “Each country has a different approach to space technology, be it focusing on buying satellite data images of another country, or gradually mastering space technology. Vietnam approaches the second direction. Although this is a direction that requires time, investment and many challenges “, Associate Professor, Dr. Pham Anh Tuan emphasized. Regarding this issue, Associate Professor, Dr. Dao Ngoc Chien, Deputy Director of the Department of High Technology (Ministry of Science and Technology) said that, in the coming time, space technology research activities will step into a new stage with a new approach, which is the development of Vietnam’s space industry. An important premise for the space industry “Strategy for the development and application of space science and technology to 2030” signed by the Prime Minister on February 4, 2021 (in Decision No. 169 / QD-TTg) with the main goal of promoting to push the wide application of new achievements of space science and technology to serve the development of all aspects of socio-economic life, contribute to ensuring independence, sovereignty, territorial unity, territorial integrity and relevant national interests. The strategy sets out many tasks and solutions for the development and application of space science and technology to 2030, including: Improving the national institutions and legal framework; scientific research and technology development; investment in construction of technical infrastructure; human resource development; market development; international cooperation and awareness raising on space science and technology. In particular, the investment in the construction of technical infrastructure is an essential and fundamental task for the development of space science and technology. The strategy also sets out a goal that by 2030 will master the technology of designing, manufacturing, integrating optical sensors, radar for earth observation satellites; assembling, integrating, and inspecting the high-resolution, super-high satellite in the country; to master the technology of designing and manufacturing terminals, ground stations for controlling and receiving satellite data, and transponders for telecommunications satellites; to form Vietnam’s navigational capabilities, and reduce dependence on existing global satellite navigation systems. According to Associate Professor, Dr. Dao Ngoc Chien, to develop space science and technology potentials, in the coming time, Vietnam must train a team of about 300 experts and 3,000 engineers in the field of science. and space technology; invest in upgrading about 10 specialized laboratories. At the same time, there should be a mechanism to encourage the formation of strong research groups on space science, space technology, application of space science and technology … And Dr. Bui Trong Tuyen, Director of the Institute of Space Technology (Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology) said that although Vietnam has begun to have research groups to manufacture satellites, the capital is still It is limited, so it has not been focused on investment. In the coming period, it is hoped that investment in space technology will be more concentrated, along with diversifying resources, will build large research centers specializing in space technology. It is an essential requirement to pave the way for the next stage of forming the space industry.

Earth 300 is expected to launch in 2025. In particular, there are 22 laboratories on this ship. Scheduled to launch in 2025, this ship can accommodate 450 people. The Earth 300 ship was built by Aaron Olivera. This researcher expressed a desire to bring an inspiring object that will spur public interest in climate change. “The ship is designed to capture people’s attention, as well as their hearts and imagination. If we want to make big, bold changes, we need everyone’s help, ”Mr. Olivera emphasized. The Earth 300 ship will be nearly 300 meters long and have a 13-story “science ball”. Olivera wants to bring together a team of scientists working in many different fields. As a result, it helps to come up with new climate solutions with modern technology. Equipped with integrated sensors, artificial intelligence, robots, machine learning and real-time data processing, Earth 300 will also have the world’s first commercial quantum computer. With this technology, the ship can process huge amounts of data collected. The information collected by Earth 300 will be shared with other climate scientists, Olivera said. According to the researchers, Earth 300 will be zero emissions. Because, it is powered by the atomic energy from an onboard salt reactor. Described as an atomic battery pack, Earth 300 is based on the technology of TerraPower – the nuclear reactor design company founded by Bill Gates. “Currently, neither quantum computing nor molten salt reactors are installed on board. It will take an extremely high level of technicality to do that. Then we can talk about the fact that this ship will have no less than a million sensors. Basically, it will be built as a floating computer and that will be a challenge, ”said Olivera. Olivera and his team believe that radical thinking is essential to advancing research and concerns about climate change. “We live at a pivotal moment in human history and face the greatest challenge to civilization. But we also live at a time when we have access to talent, tools and technology to tackle any challenge. There’s no reason not to think big. We want to awaken the world and bring new awareness, ”Mr. Olivera emphasized.

The findings are largely as expected but still have many unanswered questions. This report has provided more in-depth details on the explanation behind the team’s conclusions. The report’s authors also propose further research on this except for the laboratory leak theory. The publication of the WHO report on the origin of the COVID-19 epidemic has been repeatedly delayed and raises questions about whether the Chinese side is falsifying the conclusion, to avoid accepting accusations that China is the place the origin of the pandemic. An official from the World Health Organization said over the weekend that the report is expected to be released “within the next few days”. The AP news agency said it had received what appeared to be the final version on March 29 from a WHO diplomat. It is not clear if the report will still be changed prior to publication. The diplomat does not want to be identified because they are not allowed to release the report before the final release is made public. The publication of a joint report between WHO and China on the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic has been repeatedly delayed. Photo: Reuters Researchers have listed four possible scenarios for the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Topping the list is transmission by an animal, which is most likely to occur. Researchers believe that the possibility of transmission through “frozen” food is also possible, but not high. The closest animal found to carry the corona virus, believed to be the source of COVID-19, is the bat. However, the report said, “the evolutionary gap between bat viruses and SARS-CoV-2 is estimated to be several decades, which suggests an uncertain association.” Viruses are also found in pangolins, the report says, and animals like weasels and cats are also susceptible to COVID-19. This shows that all of the above animals can be carriers. This report is based on the visit of an international team of WHO experts to the city of Wuhan, China where COVID-19 was first discovered. The group has worked from late mid-January to mid-February. Mr. Peter Ben Embarek, WHO expert who led the investigation team in Wuhan, said the report has been finalized and is being checked and translated. “I hope that in the next few days, the whole process will be completed and we can make this report publicly available,” said Peter Ben Embarek. The draft of the report does not conclude that the outbreak began at a seafood market in Wuhan – where the first outbreak was discovered in December 2019. Previous discovery of other infections has suggested that epidemics could have started elsewhere. The report notes that there can be milder cases that go undetected. As the pandemic spread globally, China found virus samples on frozen food packages introduced into the country, and it tracked the link between single outbreaks and these products. Frozen foods can be the cause of cross-border spread of viruses, the report confirms, but are unlikely to cause an outbreak, much less contagious than through transmission. Human-to-human respiration. “Although there is some evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be revived through contaminated frozen products imported into China since the beginning of the pandemic, this would be very unreasonable. usually in 2019 because then the virus is not widely circulated, ”the study said. sea ​​oats ( According to AP )

Chinese paleontologists have found ancient insects, snakes, ancient birds and even dinosaur tails in fossil Burmese amber. Thanks to the special preservative properties of amber, these fossils have retained their original shape after 100 million years. One of the dinosaur feathers discovered in the amber piece was damaged by chewing and the markings are similar to the feathers of modern birds with parasitic lice. Feather is one of the types of “special impurities” preserved in Burmese amber, including neck feathers and insect feathers. Not long ago, two pieces of feathered amber from Myanmar attracted paleontologists because through microscopic observations, the researchers noticed some ancient bugs in the feathers. Although these bugs are small and hard to see, paleontologists have found that they have unique and striking habits. The newly discovered insect is named Mesophthirus engeli, revealing the early makeup of the lice ancestor. Mesophthirus engeli has no wings and a body similar to a lice. The team found that they chewed very vigorously through the marks of a dinosaur’s fur. A team of researchers from the Capital Education University of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Capital Medical Science University, the National Museum of Natural History, and the Russian Academy of Sciences studied the studies. Small insects preserved in amber and discovered this particular beetle. Archaeologists have named this tiny insect Mesophthirus engeli with the genus “Mesophthirus” from the Greek word and the name “engeli” is dedicated to Michael S. Engel, a famous paleontologist. Americans, in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the study of ancient insects. The earliest appearing fur-eating insect was thought to be Megamenopon rasnitsyni. The lice fossils were unearthed in Germany 44 million years ago, according to Chungkun Shih, study author at the Smithsonian Institution’s Museum of Natural History. Researchers also found evidence of Jurassic and Cretaceous parasitic parasites 66 to 201 million years ago. This ancient bug was very small with a length of less than 0.2 mm, so researchers had to use an electron microscope to see its shape. Mesophthirus engeli looks very much like today’s lice, but it has a larger head with black dot-like eyes on the sides and two tentacles with three long spines on top of the head. Mesophthirus engeli can be said to possess a body “three rings as one”, with the head, chest and abdomen equally wide, six feet short, with claws and long spines at the end, can be grasped. This finding suggests that the insect’s feathering behavior has originated at least in the mid Cretaceous period. Although it looks like a lice, the Mesophthirus engeli species is far different from modern lice and lice. Hence, paleontologists established a new ancient taxon of insects – Mesophagous caterpillars. Compared with the body, the mouth of Mesophthirus engeli is very large and strong, two large jaws are serrated, capable of chewing very strongly. In addition, the researchers also found that in the amber pieces containing these ancient bugs all had the presence of feathers and they all existed signs of damage: broken niches formed near the body. feathers and feathers are also broken. The marks of damaged feathers resemble those left by a feather-eating bug after chewing on the feathers. And obviously, the culprit of these traces was none other than the Mesophthirus engeli species. The origin and early evolution of the hairy trait in insects is inherently ambiguous due to the lack of records of Mesozoic fossils – the period of tectonic, climatic and progressive activities. chemical. Blood-sucking insects were found during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, but dinosaur fur-eating insects have not been previously reported. The discovery of this ancient feather-eating beetle is of great significance, because it has pushed the history of feather-eating insects to 55 million years, because before the discovery of this beetle, the earliest feather-eating insect. is known to mankind in the Kainozoic era 44 million years ago. Thus, the discovery of Mesophthirus engeli filled the gap in the early evolution of a feather-eating insect. Mesophthirus engeli lived in the Cretaceous period 100 million years ago, this is also an important period of diversity and differentiation of primitive birds and feathered dinosaurs, it can be said that this is also the setting stage. parasitic relationship between feathering insects and their host.

The new variants were first spotted in countries like Brazil, South Africa and the UK that spontaneously appeared in the last few months of 2020. The main concern was a change in the mutant protein structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as E484K, in all three variants in the three countries, the researchers said. The E484K mutation is thought to impair the body’s immune response to the virus. Some scientists expressed concern that the E484K mutation could “elude” the natural immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infection and decrease the protection of existing Covid-19 vaccines. Artwork: Getty Images According to scientists interviewed by Reuters, the appearance of virus variants in different regions of the world shows that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is undergoing “convergent evolution”. Although SARS-CoV-2 will continue to mutate, they suspect the virus will have only a certain number of variants, immunologists and virologists say. However, it is still important to consider whether or not to limit the number of variants that make the SARS-CoV-2 virus less dangerous. “It can be said that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has a relatively limited number of variants that avoid antibodies before releasing the strongest ‘card’,” said Shane Crotty, virologist at La Institute of Immunology. Jolla in San Diego (USA) said. This could allow drug manufacturers to control disease while they develop the booster Covid-19 vaccine to suppress the current variant. Meanwhile, governments around the world are still struggling to control the pandemic that has killed nearly 3 million people globally. The opinion that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has only a certain amount of mutation has been the subject of discussion among experts since the beginning of February. According to a study, scientists have discovered seven variations of SARS. -CoV-2 appears in the US, has the same mutation. The convergent evolutionary process of SARS-CoV-2 According to Reuters, the process by which different species evolve similar traits to improve survival is central to evolutionary biology. The wide spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, with more than 128 million infections worldwide, allows scientists to observe the viral evolution in practice. “If you want to write a book about the evolution of viruses, you can do it now,” said Dr. Francis Collins, director of the US National Institutes of Health in an interview. Scientists saw the virus evolve on a smaller scale in 2018 when the H7N9 avian flu virus in China began adapting to a human host. However, there has never been a globally controlled virus such as SARS-CoV-2. Wendy Barclay, a virologist and professor at Imperial College London (UK), said she was amazed at the “staggering amount of convergent evolution” of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. “There are dangerous mutations like E484K, N501Y and K417N that all three variants in Brazil, South Africa and UK are carrying,” Ms. Barclay said. SARS-CoV-2 is not a “particularly smart” virus, the scientists said. Each time it infects people, SARS-CoV-2 makes copies of itself, and for each copy, it can make a mistake. While some of the mistakes are insignificant, the ones that give this virus an existential advantage tend to be long-lasting. “If this is repeated, it will provide some developmental advantages for the SARS-CoV-2 virus,” said Francis Collins. Some experts believe that the virus has a limited number of mutations that can be sustained before affecting its ability to function. Besides, too many mutations will cause the virus to no longer exist in the original version. “If the SARS-CoV-2 virus had an infinite number of ‘tricks,’ we would see a multitude of mutations,” said Michel Nussenzweig, an immunologist at Rockefeller University in New York. Cautious optimism However, the scientists remain cautious and say, predicting how much SARS-CoV-2 will mutate is a challenge. If there is a limit to how this virus can evolve, that would be simpler for the vaccine developers. The Novavax company is making adjustments to the vaccine to prevent variation in South Africa. However, trials have shown that the efficacy of the vaccine against the variant in South Africa is quite low. “The virus can mutate a lot and it still binds to a human host,” Novavax CEO Stan Erck said and hopes the vaccine will be effective for most of the current strains. According to Mr. Stan Erck, Novavax will continue to test vaccines for new strains of strains. Scientists have recently identified seven variants of SARS-Cov-2 in the US, with all mutations occurring in the same key location of the virus. This provides additional evidence of viral convergence evolution. Other research groups are working on exposing the virus to antibodies to force it to mutate. In many cases, the E484K mutation has appeared in the experiment. According to Reuters, the above evidence adds to the cautious optimism that the mutants appear to have many similar characteristics. However, experts say the world must continue to monitor for changes in the SARS-CoV-2 virus and eliminate its ability to mutate by reducing infection through vaccination and restrictive measures. the spread of the disease. “SARS-CoV-2 is still going very strong. We don’t know when the battle against the pandemic will end, ”said Vaughn Cooper, an expert in evolutionary biology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (USA).

Mosquitoes transmit diseases such as chikungunya, dengue fever and zika. (Source: wwmedgroup) These mosquito carriers, species rodent animals Destroying crops, wood boring insects, and even domestic cats are invasive species that are causing enormous harm to humans and the natural environment. According to a study published March 31 in the journal Nature, researchers working at the Laboratory of Ecology, Taxonomy and Evolution at the University of Paris-Sacla in France estimate invasive species. the so-called damaging alien species has cost the global economy nearly $ 1,300 since 1970, averaging $ 26.8 billion a year. The actual number could be even higher, researchers warn. The team synthesized a wide range of harms that invasive species cause to different habitats, including plants, insects, reptiles, birds, fish, mollusks, microorganisms or animals. mammal. Most harm is related to ecosystems, crops, fisheries and disease control measures. The team has made a preliminary list of the top 10 invasive pests, including the plant-eating rats and the Asian gypsy moth – two species that are devastating crops across the Northern Hemisphere. The list also includes zebra mosquitoes native to Southeast Asia that transmit diseases such as chikungunya, dengue fever and Zika. According to the researchers, the average annual damage caused by invasive species triples every decade. However, there is some evidence that the number of invasive species has increased “exponentially” due to increasing international trade, as humans import many species of organisms. In Australia, wild rabbit populations of European origin, first recorded in the early 19th century, have become invasive species causing great harm to the ecology of the Oceania nation. this over the past 150 years. They reproduce at an uncontrollable rate, consume soil, damage native species, as well as destroy crops with billions of dollars in damage. On the island of Guam, US overseas territories in the Pacific, invasive brown tree snakes native to Australia and Indonesia have “slaughtered” the majority of native bird and lizard populations since being accidentally brought in to come here in the mid-20th century. They also threaten people and sneak into equipment, causing frequent power outages. In forests in the US and more recently Europe, the longhorn beetle originating from Asia is also destroying the vegetation, causing serious damage to the ecosystem. According to the study, domestic cats are also among the top 10 invasive pests. This animal that has been “traveling” around the world for hundreds of years has now become an “invasive” species on most islands in the world, “slaughtering” birds, reptiles and animals. Amphibians in many parts of the world. The United Nations Scientific Advisory Committee on Biodiversity (IPBES) said that it is among the top 5 culprits of environmental destruction worldwide, along with changes in land use and resource exploitation. , pollution and climate change. In 2019, IPBES estimates that the number of invasive species has increased to 70% since 1970 in the 21 countries studied. Laboratory director on Franck Courchamp said international trade will increase more species of organisms introduced, while climate change will help more of these imported species survive and thrive. With the above research, scientists hope that by giving a figure of the damage caused by invasive species, people as well as authorities will raise awareness about the severity. of invasive species. Early detection, good data combined with preventive measures can significantly reduce the damage invasive species cause. The researchers also hope this issue will be included in the list of the serious environmental challenges facing humanity to receive more attention.

MSc Do Nguyen Hoang Nga (third from left) and the research team on new environmentally friendly materials products. Photo: NVCC

She once defended her Master’s thesis in English with a score of 9.9 and was honored to be one of 31 students and researchers who received a “huge” scholarship awarded by the National University of Ho Chi Minh City.

Passionate about renewable materials

Do Nguyen Hoang Nga graduated from university with an engineering degree in Chemical Engineering at University of Technology – National University of Ho Chi Minh City in 2018 and continued to study for a master’s degree at the school. In 2020, she graduated with a Master’s degree with an average score of 9.63, a thesis in English with a score of 9.9. Hoang Nga is continuing her research work with the Sustainable Process Engineering team led by Assoc.Prof.Dr. Le Thi Kim Phung.

The team’s research direction is to develop technologies to convert agricultural-industrial by-products into renewable materials with high technical value such as aerogels, multi-disciplinary applications such as construction, environmental treatment, food packaging. and aimed at applications in medicine, fuel cells …

MSc Do Nguyen Hoang Nga said that the group is currently focusing on renewable materials from biomass. This field is quite new and is the trend of the current world when the environment is increasingly polluted. Her approach towards zero waste technology, turning worthless things into valuable products has fascinated her for the past two years.

“In 2019, I have access to aerogel synthesis technology from pineapple leaves through the cooperation between the Sustainable Process Engineering team and the Aerogel research team of Assoc.Prof.Dr. Duong Minh Hai – National University of Singapore. After that, my team and I continue to expand this research direction with other types of waste such as fly ash, waste cotton chips, pandan leaf fibers … Up to now, these studies have had positive results at room scale. experiment and pilot, as a basis to be transferred into industrial production when an organization is interested in placing an order “, shared Hoang Nga.

During the implementation of the studies, Hoang Nga and the group encountered many difficulties in funding and analysis equipment. Some of the equipment at the laboratory is not available, so the group has to link with domestic and foreign laboratories to send measurement samples. Passive analysis can sometimes make progress difficult. However, some research topics of the group are supported by funding from scientific funding funds, thus partly removing the group’s obstacles.

MSc Do Nguyen Hoang Nga has the honor to receive a graduate scholarship from the National University of Ho Chi Minh City. Photo: NVCC

Hope to be available on the market soon

With the current research direction on renewable materials from biomass, Hoang Nga and his team wish to create more conditions for research and development of modern and efficient technologies in industrial production.

As an application-oriented research group, the group always puts the feasibility criteria when producing on an industrial scale on top. The direction of non-waste recycling from biomass is approaching in line with the trend of Vietnam as well as in the world when the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste is concerned by many people. After all, the team still wants to apply the developed technology on an industrial scale to the industrial scale of this material to be available on the market early.

Assoc. her research as a research engineer. Within two years, Russia and the research team had outstanding achievements in scientific publication with 11 international articles on the SCIE list, 1 article on Scopus, 2 domestic articles and 2 reports in the yearbook. prestigious international seminar with research orientation to develop technology to manufacture aerogel materials, ultra-light solid materials containing more than 90% air, from wastes such as pineapple leaves, coir, bagasse cotton, waste tires… ”.

“Russia has the quality of a researcher who is serious, honest, creative and passionate about science, always shows a high sense of responsibility, critical thinking, sociable, energetic and cheerful. with people. According to the students in my lab, Russia does not hesitate to help them when there are problems or problems. All my students want to work with Russia for their devotion and valuable advice to them ”, said Associate Professor, Dr. Kim Phung.

To keep the fire passionate about science, especially with female scientists, it is necessary to encourage and care from family, friends and colleagues because it is the spiritual strength that helps us to persevere. intensify forward. Besides, thanks to scientific research funding from the university budget, the National University of Ho Chi Minh City, the Department of Science and Technology of Ho Chi Minh City, the Vingroup Innovation Fund, the domestic research groups … confidence and research effort. – Master Hoang Nga

Recently, researchers from the University of California, Davis (California, USA) published an article in the journal Nutrition, claiming that for postmenopausal women, eating mango in moderation can help them reduce facial wrinkles.

Eating mangoes in moderate amounts each day can reduce wrinkles by 20%

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In this study, researchers washed fresh ripe mangoes, peeled, sliced, and immediately stored in the freezer at a temperature of -20 degrees Celsius (since heating can cause loss of ascorbic acid and vitamins. other). Researchers invited postmenopausal women to participate in the study and divided them into two groups: one group ate 85g of mango once and four times a week for 4 months; the other group ate 250g / time at the same time. In addition, the participants also consumed more than 500g of vegetables per day.

The study photographed the faces of participants at weeks 0, 8, and 16, and quantified the corner of the eye and erythema on the cheeks. Under the premise of not using skincare products, a high resolution camera system was used to capture dark room facial images to assess wrinkles.

By comparing the severity, length and width of wrinkles, deep wrinkles, and new wrinkles, the researchers found that menopausal women who consumed 85g of mangoes each lost 23%. wrinkles after 2 months and 20% reduction after 4 months.

Researchers believe that the wrinkle-clearing effects of mangoes may stem from the benefits of carotenoids and other phytonutrients that contribute to collagen building. However, the specific mechanism needs to be studied more.

Eating too much mango can be counterproductive

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However, the results of the women who ate 250g of mango each time at the same time saw an increase in wrinkles. This suggests that while eating mango in small amounts can be good for skin health, overeating is not.

The reason for the opposite effect when eating a lot of mangoes is because mangoes contain natural sugars. Eating too much sugar combines with protein in the skin and weakens collagen, leading to loss of elasticity and formation of wrinkles.

Again, be mindful of allergies when eating mango

Although, mangoes have many benefits and are also easy to eat, some people have a mango allergy. The reason is that mangoes contain urushiol. It is a stimulant and oily substance found in the sap of the mango fruit.

Mango allergy occurs on the skin around the mouth, which can cause severe itching and swelling of the lips. Allergic reactions to mangos can occur after eating a mango or coming into contact with the sap of a fruit containing urushiol.

Reactions sometimes occur 12-24 hours after eating or exposure.

Some of the symptoms of a mango allergy include: Itching around the mouth and on the lips, swelling of the lips and tongue, small red spots appearing around the mouth, a tingling sensation on the tongue, dry eyes.

Symptoms of a systemic allergy may include: Pain in the abdomen, runny nose, hives, difficulty breathing. Anaphylaxis is very rare; The protein content in the fruit can also cause allergic reactions. In the case of anaphylactic shock reaction, immediate treatment is necessary.

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One of the best and safe home remedies to prevent a mango allergy, cleanse the body with soap after exposure to mango. It will wash off urushiol.

One thing to keep in mind for people who are allergic to mangos or other fruits with urushiol is to avoid touching the fruit or its peel.

To cure allergy around the mouth, you can use honey. You can also drink a glass of water with a teaspoon of dissolved honey. Honey is known for its anti-inflammatory properties that will ease allergy symptoms.

Source: QQ