One of 17 decapitated bodies found in an ancient Roman cemetery. The cemeteries held the burial of 52 people, and 17 beheaded bodies including 9 men and 8 women and all were over 25 years old at the time of death, a team of researchers reported in an article published online May 19 in the British journal Britannia. In many cases, the heads of the decapitated people were buried next to their feet and the pottery was placed in the position where their heads would normally have been. Some bodies were also laid face down in their graves. Researchers believe that those who were beheaded were executed. They note that the number of criminals in Roman law increased dramatically during the third and fourth centuries, around the time these skeletons were buried. Remains of archaeological evidence shows that the Roman army used Knobb’s farm as a supply center and they would take strict action if there was any violation. “During the third and fourth centuries, the penalties imposed under Roman law became more and more severe. The number of criminals applying the death penalty increased from 14 at the beginning of the third century to about 60 by Constantine’s death in 337 AD,” The researchers have noted that security concerns are one of the reasons for the increase in the death penalty. During the third and fourth centuries, there were many civil wars in the Roman Empire, many of which were fought to be crowned emperor. Despite the possibility of execution, individuals were still buried with ceramic pots and in some cases placed in coffins. Isabel Lisboa, the archaeologist who led the excavation, said: ‘A beheaded woman had the richest collection of tombstones, buried with two urns and a coal bead necklace. Pipe coal is a type of coal that is easy to glow. Under Roman law, family and friends could demand that the body of an executed criminal be returned for burial. Those executed were likely not slaves, as slaves had no status and likely would not have been buried. Scholars argue Even so, Simon Cleary, emeritus professor of Roman Archeology at the University of Birmingham in the UK, said: “What we know of the sites of Roman judicial executions suggests that they are mainly in cities and towns and have a deterrent effect. Knobb’s ranch is not near any major towns or cities.” Cleary adds that a law made by the emperor in Rome is difficult to enforce in a remote place. It is possible that these people were executed but Roman law may have nothing to do with why they were killed. By the fourth century, the Roman army had for centuries become a draconian rule, with no way back for the common man, says Cleary. Why most of the burials of decapitated people in the Roman Empire occurred in Britain is unclear. Roman Britain can be really weird at times, especially in its treatment of the dead, there are plenty of ritual practices other than beheading or burial that to our eyes look eerie. . To people’s eyes at the time, they could be completely conceivable.” Other scholars have also expressed doubt that Roman law had much to do with the burial of the decapitated. Caroline Humfress, director of the Institute for Constitutional and Legal Studies at St. Andrews in Scotland, said: “I personally think it is very unlikely that the executions on Knobb’s farm were related to Roman legal processes.” “If they have a judicial context, it’s more likely to be localized and involve executions carried out without trial,” Humfress said. However, other scholars argue that these people could have been executed according to Roman law. “The official execution seems to be the best explanation for the Knobb Ranch cases,” said Judith Evans Grubbs, a professor of Roman history at Emory University in Atlanta. He noted that women in the Roman Empire were often the target of accusations of witchcraft and adultery, both of which could have been considered crimes by the Romans. Stunned with the largest, deepest $ 211 million swimming pool in the world 08/06/2021

Dwarka City, India: Dwarka is in the harbor area of ​​Dwarka city, Gujarat state, India, located at a depth of 21.3m. This city was built between 9,000 and 12,000 years ago. This place used to be a flourishing city because of the remnants of the foundation, walls, sandstone steps and the remaining network of streets and seaports. The most notable structures are the ruins of temples dating from the reign of King Pallava, 7th century BC. Lion City, Lake Tiandao, China: The Lion City was built during the Eastern Han period (circa 25-200) at the foot of the Five Lions Mountain. When China carried out the project to build the Tan An dam at Tiandao Lake in 1959, the city was submerged under water. In this city before it was flooded, 290,000 people were displaced from the place where their ancestors lived for 1,300 years. The structure is believed to be a miniature version of the city of Atlantis and is part of a collection of miniature versions of the wonders of the world in China. Baiae City, Italy: Once considered the Las Vegas of the Roman Empire, Baiae city was considered a resort for the rich in ancient times. 1,700 years ago it began to sink into the waters of the Gulf of Naples, Italy. In the 8th century, Saracen troops occupied Baiae, by 1500 the city was deserted and most of the ancient ruins were submerged in the shallow waters of a bay near the Naples range. Pavlopetri, Greece: Pavlopetri was a prosperous port city of the Mediterranean region for many centuries. Located off the southern Greek island of Laconia, Pavlopetri was formed during the Mycenaean period, dating to about 1600-1150 BC. Currently, this city still has the foundation of buildings, streets, temples and about 37 stone tombs. Yonaguni Ancient Ruins, Japan: This is one of the mysterious sites on Yonaguni Island in Okinawa Japan, which may be up to 10,000 years old. In the 1980s, divers found stone platforms with a stepped-like structure with flat surfaces and clear angles that resonated in the scientific world later. This monument is also known as “Atlantis of Japan”. Antirhodos City, Alexandria, Egypt: This ancient underwater island is believed to have been submerged by an earthquake around the 4th century and was found in 1996 near the harbor of Alexandria. Explorers have found a marble palace in the 3rd century BC, believed to have belonged to Cleopatra’s time, along with some jewelry, traces of ancient cargo ships, stone houses and wells. Atlit-Yam, Israel: Atlit-Yam was formed in the Neolithic period (7,550-8,000 years ago), is a densely populated area along the coast of Carmel. The city was completely destroyed by a tsunami but today visitors can still see the remains of the foundations of houses, roads and wells. Here also found about 65 sets of adult and child remains.

In some parts of Germany, it is believed that if you toast someone with a glass of water, it means you expect the person to die. This strange superstition has its roots in Greek mythology, where the spirits of the dead would drink from the Lethe, one of the rivers of hell. Knock on wood to avoid bad luck Illustration. Source: igafencu This superstition stems from the belief of the Paganists (a group of people originating from the Roman Empire following polytheism) that evil spirits often reside in wood. Therefore, it is believed that if you wish for something, you should touch or knock on the wood to prevent evil spirits from hearing it and prevent your wish from coming true. Avoid sitting at the corner of the table Hungarians and Russians believe that whoever sits at the corner of the table will never get married. Some say that this bad luck lasted only for seven years, but no one gave a clear explanation. Cut nails at night Illustration. Source: Pexels The Turks, Indians and Koreans believe that cutting the fingernails or toenails at night is bad luck. Even in Japan it is said that you can die prematurely if you do this. In ancient times, cutting fingernails and toenails was done with knives or sharp objects. It is possible that the wounds from cutting fingernails and toenails in the dark, plus the lack of medical support have caused infections or deaths, leading to such taboos. Put your wallet on the ground Avoiding putting your wallet on the ground is also a strange custom that still exists in many countries of Central America, South America and the Philippines. Many people believe that placing money or wallets on the ground will lead to bad luck with money. Put shoes on the table Illustration. Source: igafencu In the UK, placing shoes on a table is considered bad luck as it symbolizes the death of a loved one. This stems from an ancient custom, when placing someone’s shoes on the table was a way to announce that someone in their family had passed away. Today, although it no longer carries such a heavy meaning, putting shoes on the table is still considered an unacceptable act in etiquette. Fear of Tuesday the 13th Not only is Friday the 13th taboo, in Spain and some Spanish-speaking countries, people are very afraid of Tuesday the 13th. The word “Tuesday” in Spanish is “Martes” which is derived from the word “Tuesday” in Spanish. Mars, the Roman god of war. Additionally, Constantinople (once the capital of the Roman Empire) is said to have fallen and was devastated on Tuesday, during the Fourth Crusade. More than 200 years later, history records that the Ottoman Empire announced the occupation of the city on the same Tuesday. No outdoor knitting If you come to Iceland to live, knit at home, not outside. Locals believe that knitting in front of the house will make the weather always in a freezing state. Illustration. Source: Pexels Pouring water behind someone’s back for good luck Pouring water for good luck is a Serbian folk custom. Specifically, before someone goes away or performs a job, people will pour water behind this person’s back to pray for good luck, hope for a safe road and favorable work. This custom is usually done when entering school, before the exam day, before going to a job interview, enlisting in the army or similar important things.

The 2,000-year-old marble head of Emperor Augustus has just been unearthed. Photo: CNN “While we were digging behind the wall, I saw the soil change color,” said Giancola. So we continued to dig carefully and discovered a block of marble. I immediately recognized it as the head of Emperor Augustus due to the hair and the shape and cut of the eyes.” According to archaeologist Maria Diletta Colombo of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage, the head of the statue is about 35cm high, possibly dating from 20 BC to 10 AD. This head may have been detached from the more than 2m tall statue, which is also made of Lunigiana marble. This statue most likely depicts the young Emperor Augustus Octavian. “This is a very important finding; However, archaeologists have not been able to determine why the head of Emperor Augustus is in that area. The head of this statue should have been placed in a temple or a certain area reserved for the Royal Family.” The town of Isernia, known as Aesernia in the ancient world, was the land of the Samnites, Italy. Later, the town became a Roman colony. In this land, scientists have discovered many archaeological remains, including medieval tombs and terracotta artifacts… Despite being heavily damaged in World War I 2, but this land has gradually revived strongly. Currently, the local government is promoting heritage promotion activities to attract tourists to visit. Augustus (63 BC – AD 14) was the first Emperor of ancient Rome. Augustus replaced the Roman republic with an effective monarchy. He laid a very important foundation on which to build a powerful Roman empire, stretching from Great Britain to Egypt.

The famous Roman arena in Italy Referring to the Roman arena, people often talk about a large area that can accommodate tens of thousands of people with ancient and beautiful designs in Italy. But recently archaeologists discovered a Roman arena in Turkey, very similar to the famous one in Rome but much smaller in size. Arena in Turkey used to host gladiator matches about 1,800 years ago with a capacity of 20,000 people. Meanwhile, the Roman arena in Rome began construction in AD 70, when the Vespasian emperor, with a total capacity of about 50,000 to 80,000 spectators. Archaeologists locate the arena amidst the ruins of the ancient city Mastaura, Aydin province. The arena was partially buried and obscured by vegetation. Ancient roman arena discovered in Turkey The building has gladiator lounges and guest rooms. The whole monuments are preserved in good condition. Like the Roman arena in Italy, the arena in Turkey was built in the shape of a circle, instead of the typical semicircle of many ancient buildings.
Archaeologist Sedat Akkurnaz of Adnan Menderes University, who led the study, said the discovery was unique. Sedat Akkurnaz said: “This is the only example of such a solid existence in Anatolia. The structure is difficult to detect because it is heavily obscured by bushes, wild trees. Most of the arena is below ground. The arena is very sturdy as if it had just been built, meanwhile, the rest of the structure is on the ground, consisting of several rows of arena seats and external support walls. The dome-building technique of Roman architecture looks very good. Archaeologist Sedat Akkurnaz also explained that the arena is the venue for gladiator battles and wildlife. Near the old city of Mastaura, there are many major cities in western Anatolia such as Aphrodisias, Miletus, Priene, Magnesia and Ephesus. Therefore, people from neighboring cities also come to Mastaura to witness the battles with their own eyes. Part of the wall of the ancient arena in Turkey Experts believe that the arena in Turkey was built during the reign of Severan dynasty, during the Roman empire. This royal lineage includes the infamous Caracalla, his father Septimius Severus, who died in York after his campaign to conquer Scotland. Archaeologist Sedat Akkurnaz said: “We do not know exactly who the emperor was. But through the stone construction, the construction of the building, I think it was at the same time as the Severus dynasty. The city of Mastaura was very prosperous and prosperous. It was during this period that the Roman administrators greatly helped the city. There was a considerable increase in the number and variety of Mastauran coins during this period ” . Although the arena in Mastaura cannot match the structures in Rome in terms of scale, it is still a remarkable area. Sedat Akkurnaz said: “At this stage, it is difficult to accurately or approximate the audience. Our initial estimate was between 15,000 and 20,000. The gladiators had their own lounges, the audience was excellent. first has entertainment room “. In the near future, with the support of the local authorities, they will take action to conserve the parts most at risk of failure. According to Sedat Akkurnaz, there are cracks in the walls of the building, some of the stones are falling.