This is the most common type of roof. The pointed roof is composed of two sides sloping down from the same starting point, forming two triangles on either side of the house. Pointed roof houses are suitable for countries with weather conditions with a lot of rain or snow because the slope of the roof makes it easier for snow and rain to fall, making the roof less heavy. The pointed roof has a simple design, requires less materials, and is easy to construct, so the cost is low. At the same time, the space below the pointed roof is wide and airy, so it can be used as a storage space or an attic bedroom. However, the pointed roof is easily affected by strong winds, if not firmly reinforced, it is easy to fall because the wind is easy to blow into the space under the roof, causing the roof to fall. 2. Tower roof This is a type of roof with 4 sides sloping down, with the same slope and relatively light slope to create balance for the building. Usually a tower-shaped roof will have 2 triangular faces and two trapezoidal faces. The tower-shaped roof is common in European countries as well as Vietnam and architects often use this roof for villas or garden houses. Tower roofs are recommended for areas frequently affected by storms. However, because of the complex structure, this type of roof is difficult to maintain. 3. Rubber roof Rubber roofing is a cheap, green, and durable option. Rubber roofs are usually large panels, easy to install. Waterproof surface, perfect for areas with humid climates. However, the aesthetic of rubber roofing can be too simple for some homeowners who want a difference for the home. 4. Flat roof Flat roofs are a popular design for homes in warm or dry climates. This type of roof protects homeowners from heat and sunlight. However, it is not ideal for areas with a lot of rain. In addition, you can create a living area, garden or mini sports field on the roof. 5. Roof falls This type of roof slopes in one direction. It can continue the slope of an existing roof, or separate, similar to a shed roof. The roof seems to be raised, making the work very noticeable. This is a permanent roof because water, dust and particles roll off more easily. The construction also makes it tough, able to face the harsh elements. Skillion roofs are ideal for contemporary urban homes, galleries and other small commercial buildings. The shape of the roof will immediately catch the eye. 6. Butterfly roof The butterfly roof looks like an inversion of the standard pointed roof. The basic design looks like a letter “V” (or butterfly) when viewed from a distance. This roof was popular in the twentieth century and many architects liked to experiment with this unusual roof shape. 7. Salt box roof The salt box roof is a type of pointed roof in which one side of the roof has a much longer slope than the other. Buildings with this type of roof usually have two floors in the front and one in the back; adding a sloping back porch is a structure that simply extends the building. The salt box roof is ideal for various modern and contemporary homes. You can create a patio under the higher roof, turning it into a cozy sitting area. 8. Curved roof Curved roofs are not a contemporary design. It appeared in the early 1920s as a solution to maximize storage space in barns. Curved roof is back in the modern world because of its unusual shape. It has a simple construction, is perfect for windy areas, and is easy to customize. 9. Dome Based on the curved design, the dome has a high visual impact. It is commonly used for the construction of buildings of worship, but variations of it appear in residential houses. This roof is unique, energy efficient and provides a great surface for decoration. 10. Pyramid roof The pyramid roof is a variation of the pyramidal roof. This roof is common in modern Victorian homes. The pyramid roof is well suited for windy areas and comes with its own insulation benefits. It also drains quickly when it rains. 11. Serrated roof The serrated roof looks like a series of ridges when viewed from a distance. This roof is popular in warehouses and factories because it allows natural light in. In the 21st century, serrated roofs are gaining popularity thanks to the trend of bringing natural light into the home. 12. Canopy roof The bonnet roof is a variation of the pyramidal roof. The edges of the roof extend beyond the walls, creating a shaded area resembling a bonnet. Some bonnets have a slight slope at the bottom. In modern homes, the bonnet is extended further to create a terrace or patio. 13. Roof with metal roofing The metal roof provides durability and strength. This roof can last from 50 to 100 years if well maintained. Metal roofs are perfect for windy areas, lightweight and ideal for reinforcing old structures. However, when it rains, the sound on the roof will make homeowners extremely uncomfortable. 14. Asphalt roofing sheet Asphalt shingles are popular roofing materials, especially in North America. They are cheap, easy to install, and can reflect sunlight better to reduce heat inside the home. But asphalt roofs are prone to damage from hail and water, so it’s not a good solution in the long run. 15. Slate roof The slate roof is made of natural stone, creating an expensive and luxurious look. It lasts a long time and doesn’t catch fire too easily. However, the combination of weight and fragility makes slate roofs more difficult to maintain. 16. Green roof Green roofs act as a means of planting trees, a growing trend in environmentally conscious architecture. It helps to create insulation, absorb water and deliver more oxygen in your environment. Green roofs can be applied to traditional houses and modern buildings.

How to live safely with asbestos-containing materials? Dangers of asbestos One of the most widespread uses of asbestos in the construction industry is the creation of fiber-cement sheets for roofing, which we often call Phibroximang, or asbestos-cement corrugated iron. Because of its heat-resistant and fire-resistant properties, asbestos has been added to many roofing products, including tiles. Fiber cement board contains not only asbestos. They are mostly made from cement. According to manufacturers, fiber cement panels are usually made of 10-15% asbestos. The most common way for asbestos fibers to enter the body is through the airways. In fact, asbestos-containing material is not generally considered harmful unless it releases dust or fibers into the air where they can be inhaled or ingested. Much of the fiber gets stuck in the mucous membranes of the nose and throat, where it can be eliminated, but some can travel deep into the lungs, or if swallowed, into the digestive tract. Once they get trapped in the body, the fibers can cause health problems. Asbestos is most dangerous when it is flaking. The term “friable” means that asbestos is easily broken up by hand, releasing fibers into the air. Asbestos is often “faded” after the roofing sheet is used for a number of years, rain, wind and moss make the protective cement layer rot. Damage and deterioration will increase the friability of asbestos-containing materials. Water damage, constant shaking, aging and physical impact such as drilling, grinding, polishing, cutting, sawing or impact can break materials making it easier to release fibers. Ceiling tiles, floor tiles containing asbestos, heat and sound insulation layers, shingles, fire doors, especially roofing sheets… will not release asbestos fibers unless they are disturbed or damaged as mentioned above. . For example, if asbestos ceiling tiles are drilled or broken, it can release fibers into the air. If it is left alone and undisturbed, it will not release the asbestos fibers, but this is very unlikely in practice, for example, when roofing sheets are used for a long time. Currently, there is no decision requiring removal of asbestos roofs, so the decision is up to the community. Obviously, it will be necessary to take into account the cost of removal and replacement. Therefore, for new roofs, it is not necessary to remove, but can live with it, provided that there are safe solutions. But with a weathered roof, there is a great risk of deterioration, which can expose families and neighbors of homes with asbestos to harmful asbestos fibers. Theoretically, in roofing, asbestos materials mixed with cement should be kept tight, they do not pose the same threat as fragile materials to human health. However, if these roofing sheets are broken, corroded, disturbed, damaged, degraded or broken, they can release toxic fibers into the air and become hazardous. Corrosion of asbestos-containing products by weather (rain, sun, wind, storm or frost, which causes a change in the cement layer surrounding the asbestos fiber over time) can cause fiber release in within 15 years. Safe living with asbestos When living with irreplaceable asbestos-containing material, it should be checked regularly for signs of wear or damage such as tears, scratches or water damage. If asbestos-containing materials are damaged more than mildly, or if home repairs are being made that could disturb it, extreme care should be taken and handling it in accordance with safety regulations. When asbestos-containing material is damaged, activities around it should be kept to a minimum. Take all precautions to avoid damage to the asbestos material. With any type of repair, the asbestos must be kept in place. Repair is usually cheaper than removal, but it can make later removal of asbestos, inevitably, more difficult and costly. Major repairs should only be carried out by specialized units that know the safe handling methods of asbestos. Before performing minor repairs, be sure to follow all of the precautions outlined above. Always wet the asbestos material using a fine mist of water containing a few drops of detergent. Areas with insulation can be covered by wrapping a special fabric, such as flexable glass cloth, around it. These products are available in stores. This is the best, safest, economic thing possible. We should replace asbestos-containing materials with other materials, such as: corrugated iron roof, PVA fiber roof, steel pipes… Currently, on the market, there are many alternative materials that are both durable and good. no effect on health and reasonable price. What not to do with asbestos-containing materials in the home: Do not dust, sweep, or vacuum debris that may contain asbestos. Do not saw, sand, scrape or drill holes in the face of the asbestos material. Do not use sandpaper, wire brush or other hard objects to remove rough spots on the surface of asbestos-containing materials. Never use the wiper on dry floors. Do not sand or attempt to smooth the floor with asbestos or its substrate. When asbestos floors need to be replaced, install new floor coverings on top if possible. Avoid contact with broken or broken asbestos materials. Take all precautions to not damage any materials that may contain asbestos. Only hire trained personnel to inspect, test, repair or remove asbestos. Asbestos is a toxic and dangerous mineral. Asbestos in all natural forms, including chrysotile asbestos, is a substance with proven carcinogenic activity in animals and humans, capable of causing cancer of the lungs, peritoneum, pleura, stomach and organs other in contact with asbestos particles. Temporarily without replacement, it is possible to live with asbestos-containing material, if it is not old (before 15 years), but with extreme caution. To reduce the risk of cancers, asbestos-containing materials should be removed, if temporarily unavailable, protect it with a coating or polyethylene film to prevent damage and dust release.

Skylights are often designed to light and ventilate exposed spaces such as stairs, bathrooms or bedrooms. On the roof, smart roofing is often used to illuminate and prevent rain. Skylights appear more and more in townhouses. (Illustration) Many homeowners open skylights but cover their roofs with light corrugated iron or glass. This design only solves the problem of getting light, the air will not be convection. Therefore, the roof of the skylight should have a gap, but still ensure the effect of preventing rain. Bringing nature into the house Houses with a large area should open the balcony towards the skylight like a split-level house. At that time, the homeowner can decorate with the railing of the balcony. Along with the variety of construction materials and modern techniques, skylights are increasingly modified and designed in many different styles. All towards the goal of bringing a better living space for homeowners, increasing aesthetics. Getting light and air convection are two advantages of skylights. (Illustration) If the house space is high, narrow and low-light, homeowners can design the skylight as a waterfall, a floating wall to bring nature into the house, turning this place into the “lungs” of the house. Material selection The downside of skylights is noise. Therefore, homeowners need to use noise-canceling materials. Planted areas or waterfalls should have a waterproofing solution. The planting site must be convenient for watering. Items hanging on the stairs and skylights must be easily removable. At corridor windows that open to skylights, safety railings must be arranged for children. Note that seating should not be arranged at the foot of the skylight to ensure safety. Air convection The essence of the skylight is to create the effect of air convection from bottom to top inside the well cell. This convection air flow will exit the well mouth carrying “dirty” gas, while the “clean” air outside will be sucked in. For a skylight to be effective, the path of convection air must be clear. (Illustration) The mechanism that creates the natural convection effect is the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the house, and the “paint gun”-type negative pressure effect on the well mouth when there is a breeze. To be effective, the path of convection air must be clear. Mini scene The area of ​​the skylight on the bottom floor is often used for decoration, as a miniature or can be integrated into some functional space such as the living room, dining room, lobby. Planting trees in skylights should choose plants with little care, no harm and no strong scent. Sky well for small house For townhouses with a small area, most homeowners are aware of the importance of architectural physics and interior aesthetics when there is a skylight. The design plan must have a skylight to turn the dark part of the house into the brightest and naturally ventilated place. In case the house is large enough and has a backyard, the skylight is usually arranged in the middle of the house, providing an open view. Depending on the shape of the land, skylights will be scattered depending on the layout. Small houses can still design skylights. (Illustration) The area of ​​​​the house is about 50m2, so a skylight should be arranged along the stairs on one side of the wall. This type of skylight is aesthetically pleasing and suitable for small houses. In some cases, the skylight is narrow and just a slit, but it provides very good air convection. At that time, the sunshades or diffusers are still utilized under the glass or plastic layer to bring soft light to the interior space. Phuong Anh (synthetic)

Not all but most of the boats on Cai Rang floating market often hang what they sell. For example, a fruit seller will hang that fruit. Or the vegetable seller will hang vegetables… This is the “hanging something for sale” culture of the famous floating market in the West. Photo: Anh Tu. When they need to sell canoes or boats, people will hang roof sheets or pandan boats. This is also known as “hanging leaves to sell boats”. Photo: Anh Tu. Gordon Ramsay used to sit on a boat selling vermicelli and noodles on Cai Rang market. This is the commemoration when the “Chef King” performed the show “Gordon’s Great Escape”, recorded in 2009 and broadcast globally in 2010. Photo: Aloviet. Aunt Hai was the one who received compliments from the famous chef. Aunt Hai’s vermicelli and noodle soup used to be specialties of the floating market. However, at present, Aunt Hai no longer sells goods on Cai Rang floating market. Photo: Pham Ngon. The time of the fair starts quite early, from about 4-5am and ends at 8-9am. The best time to explore the market is 5am. Visitors can rent a small boat separately or join a group with a large boat. Photo: Pham Ngon. The market was formed in the first half of the 20th century. At this time, the land travel of the river was not yet developed. Photo: Asianway Travel. Exactly on March 10, 2016, Cai Rang floating market culture was recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage. Photo: Tripadvisor.