First, it is necessary to consider the operating principle of Shkval. When an object moves in the water, it will create bubbles around it due to its motion, which is the phenomenon of cavitation in nature. The super-cavity is a more special case, when a large air bubble appears and covers the entire object, then the object will almost fly in the air due to the maximum elimination of friction. This is the principle applied on the VA-111 Shkval super-fast torpedo. The VA-111 Shkval was researched in the 1960s as a specialized weapon for attack submarines to fight nuclear submarines and enemy surface ships. On November 29, 1977, the VA-111 Shkval super-cavity torpedo was officially accepted into service in the combat component of the Soviet Navy. Shkval torpedo uses a solid fuel engine, the head is fitted with a special cavity-forming device. It is a thick elliptical piece of metal that is sharpened with an angle of inclination to the longitudinal axis, with a circular cross-section to create an angle of elevation. In fact, a foam generator is not enough, so the torpedo head adds foaming air ducts, the bubbles are generated by a gas booster. This allows to increase the volume of air bubbles and create bubbles that cover the entire torpedo body. The Shkval super-cavity torpedo has a speed of 93 km/h out of the launch tube and up to over 360 km/h when the engine is at full capacity, twice as fast as conventional torpedoes. The warhead of the VA-111 has a weight of 210 kg, enough to break a 10,000-ton destroyer in two with a single shot. However, it should be added that besides the advantages, the VA-111 also has deadly disadvantages, making its use in combat must be carefully considered. Firstly, Shkval’s range is too short, reaching a maximum of only 6,858 m, forcing the submarine to be close to the enemy to be able to strike. This is extremely dangerous because modern warships all have advanced sonar navigation systems and extremely powerful anti-submarine weapons. Second, it is the super-cavity technology that creates superior speed that makes the torpedo unable to establish two-way communication, when the radio signal is blocked from the outside, unable to penetrate the air bubbles. The torpedo relies on estimating target coordinates prior to launch, and its maneuverability is also extremely poor, as a sharp turn would break the supercavity bubble. Third, the secrecy of the Shkval torpedo is completely absent, because it creates extremely loud noises and forms a line of bubbles floating on the water that is easy to observe. Finally, the unit price of the Shkval torpedo is said to be significantly higher than the older generation types, while the advantages are not yet outstanding. For the above reasons, guided torpedoes such as TEST-71 or Type 53-65 combined with Kalibr cruise missiles will give modern submarines a higher combat capability, especially without tethering. it faces dangerous situations like when carrying the VA-111 Shkval. Currently, Russia announced that it has initially successfully tested the Shkval 2.0 variant with a longer range and controllability. If the above weapon is soon completed, it will really be able to replace the products of the old generation.

Russia has developed many weapons development programs methodically. Source: people.com.cn. New weapon development direction Russia launched the first version of the “Russian Weapons Development Program” in 2010 and version 2.0 in 2017. It is planned that version 3.0 will be released by the end of this year. According to Russian media, this program mainly provides follow-up information on the development of weapons and equipment of the Russian army, and is considered a “indicator” for the development of weapons and equipment in the country. . The 2010 version of the “Program” indicates that the Russian military will prioritize the development of nuclear and air defense as well as anti-missile forces, as well as the development of communication command systems and situational awareness. advanced. Under the guidance of this concept, the modernization level of the nuclear forces of the Russian army has been significantly improved, in which the Yars intercontinental ballistic missile regiment has been reorganized, centered The air defense and anti-missile group with the core of the S-400 gradually became the main air defense force. In addition, by 2015 the Russian Army had built a modern command and control system. Version 2.0 of the “Program” revised and supplemented the content of the previous version, proposing to “accelerate the upgrade and transformation of nuclear deterrence” and “ensure that weapons development and equipment of the Russian army in the leading position in the world, and modernization of conventional weapons accounts for more than 70%”. Speaking at a Defense Ministry meeting at the end of 2020, Russian Defense Minister Shoigu said that the Russian military-industrial complex has completed more than 97% of the research, development and production tasks in the “Chapter” program”, all the armed services of Russia have basically completed the goal of weapons procurement. The Russian Ministry of Defense is currently conducting research and preparing to launch the official 3.0 “Program” later this year. Russian media revealed that Moscow has focused on cutting-edge technologies and new concept weapons to ensure that it has a dominant position in the high-tech sector. According to reports, Russia is actively preparing a new version of the “Program” and has listed advanced weapons as the focus of development, with the intention of laying a solid foundation for weapons development, respond to increasingly complex security challenges. Weapons of the future In the new version of the “Program”, Russia will continue to promote the development of nuclear and conventional weapons, while focusing on research into artificial intelligence, robotics, hypersonic weapons and weapons. attack based on new physics principles. As of 2020, the modernization rate of the Russian army’s conventional weapons has reached 70.3%, and the modernization of the nuclear forces has reached 86%. According to the plan, the Russian services will continue to promote the modernization of weapons and equipment at a rate of 2% to 3% annually. Currently, in Russia’s hypersonic arsenal, in addition to the Avangard and Kinzhal missiles that have been put into operation, the Poseidon unmanned rolling device and the Zircon hypersonic cruise missile have also entered the test phase. Russia’s “torpedo” Poseidon scared the whole world. Source: people.com.cn. In addition, Russia recently revealed plans to design light vehicles carrying hypersonic munitions, such as glide bombs, and has continuously developed asymmetrical strategic balancing measures. In the next 10 years, heavy drones represented by “Altius” and “Hunter” will become the mainstay of Russia’s aerospace forces. Many new electronic warfare systems will also become the core of Russia. According to Russian military experts, the new “Program” will introduce “plans for the development of weapons and equipment in the complex climate of the Arctic”. Many difficulties await Some analysts believe that the new Russian version of the “Program” is promising, but will face certain difficulties in the implementation process. On the one hand, the modern technology of the Russian army still has shortcomings, which will be difficult to make up for in the long run, on the other hand, the defense budget of the Russian army is decreasing year by year, which is not suitable for the “stability and ongoing financial support” is suggested in the “Program”. In addition, under the technological blockade of the West, Russia is still struggling to research avionics components, liquid crystal displays, stealth materials and large-scale drones. . In fact, many new weapons and equipment, including the T-14 tank and the Su-57 fighter jet, were short on funding, causing the production time to be continuously extended. In addition, due to the influence of the budget and other strategic plans of the Russian military, there have been many adjustments, such as the program to build a new aircraft carrier.

Mi-28NM is capable of operating in all weather conditions, performing many tasks including armored attack, destruction of low-speed air targets, reconnaissance… This latest version will be released. introduced at the MAKS-2021 Military Show this summer. The performance of the Mi-28NM combat helicopter’s complex skills will be one of the most awaited activities. Mi-28NM combat helicopter. Photo: RBTH The Mi-28NM made its first flight at the end of 2016 and has undergone state tests over the past few years. In June 2019, the Russian Ministry of Defense signed a contract for the supply of 98 aircraft of the Mi-28NM version. The first batch was delivered to the army in 2020. The production of Mi-28NM was also carried out at the Rostvertol plant. “The Mi-28NM helicopter has undergone an upgrade and modification process after the “fire test” in Syria. Engineers have tested the Mi-28NM helicopter in real combat conditions to present to the public a version of the most powerful combat helicopter in the Russian air force,” said Professor Vadim Kozyulin at the Institute of Military Science. Russia said. What’s new in Mi-28NM? The new cabin of the Mi-28NM is protected by armor, including tempered glass in front that can withstand 12.7mm bullets. The armor barrier between the non-crew members also limits the ability to deal consecutive damage to both pilots. This baffle can withstand the impact of 20mm bullets. This is the first time on the Mi-28 helicopter that there is a partition between the two main pilots and the co-pilot. The pilot and copilot emergency exit systems can be activated separately. Mi-28NM has been “fired” in the Syrian battlefield. Photo: RBTH “The Mi-28NM is the latest version of the Mi-28N helicopter. It is enhanced with many capabilities, including mobility. The new helicopter is capable of using high-precision weapons, has a new control system with integrated AI. Mi-28NM can interact with helicopters, UAVs and other aircraft on the battlefield,” said Dmitry Litovkin, Executive Director of Independent Military Review. The “weapon” of the Mi-28NM helicopter also includes kamikaze drones – a type of suicide UAV. “The Mi-28NM can deploy and control one or more suicide UAVs. When hostile objects are detected, the pilots will provide target data and monitor the removal of those targets,” the expert said. The Mi-28NM helicopter can operate in difficult weather conditions, capable of flying in both piloted and automatic modes. One of the key practical changes for the pilot on the Mi-28NM is the dual control mode: in the event of a primary pilot’s injury or death, the co-pilot can continue to control the helicopter. Mi-28N does not have this mode. According to publicly available information, the main difference of the Mi-28NM is that it is equipped with a radar and thermal imaging support system, with the ability to scan around the aircraft instead of a few directions. Mi-28NM has a huge arsenal, including new generation multi-purpose missiles, including those launched beyond the enemy’s air defense identification zone, as well as various types of bombs. The helicopter can attack fixed and moving targets within a radius of 8-10 km.

The unique design enables the Su-17/22 to fly at low altitudes at high speed or at high altitudes at supersonic speeds. Weapons are quite diverse and for a long time it is always the nightmare of any ground force confronting them. Su-17/22″ fighter Su-22M4 is the last production variant of this swing-wing fighter with significant upgrades to the avionics including: RSDN navigation system, inertial navigation system, range measurement system. laser way, radar warning system SPO-15LE, in addition on the aircraft design additional air intake slots to have more airflow to cool the engine. Su-22M4 – the most powerful variant of this fighter line After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia inherited a lot of this fighter, this is also the only single-engine supersonic fighter that Russia owns, they continue to serve effectively in the frontline air force. and it was not until 1996 that they were completely scrapped to be replaced by more modern fighter lines.

Green space on Nezhinskaya street in Moscow. Photo: stroi.mos.ru On average, each Moscow resident enjoys 20 square meters of green space, a rate many times higher than in Tokyo, London or Beijing. This comes from two factors: Moscow was originally built among the forests in Russia, followed by the process of creating landscapes and greening the environment in this city since the 18th century. Hill Fort and Boulevard Arc Borovitsky Hill, where the Kremlin is located, is named after the word “bor”, which means “forest” in Russian. In fact, this place was once an oak forest in the 11th century and is now the focus of central streets in Moscow. Another example is St. John’s Church, also once built on a site that was once a typical Russian elm forest and is now Novaya Square, not far from the Kremlin. Moscow historian Pyotr Sytin believes that the church was named after the old forest that guarded the eastern edge of the Kremlin fortress until the 15th century. These places used to be forests with common trees being spruce and pine. The townspeople then cut down the trees for construction purposes. Moscow at that time was in the period of expansion and the forest in the suburbs was cleared to build new housing. But it is these “suburbs” so close to the Kremlin that are now the heart of the city. Until the 17th century, places like Trubnaya Square were still largely covered with forests. In the early 19th century, many trees could still be seen growing close to the wall around the Kremlin. Catherine the Great, the queen who wanted to renovate the old capital, ordered the construction of the “Arch of Boulevard”. These boulevards were built on the basis of the “White City” (Belyi Gorod) which was the third defensive belt around Moscow built with stone walls and fortifications. Russian journalist Vladimir Odoevsky wrote in the 19th century that Moscow is surrounded by boulevards and it is not only the decoration of the city, but also has important meaning. Looking at this green belt, the people of Moscow can proudly say that in summer or winter, healthy people, sick people, adults, children – all can walk around the city, go for a walk. among the trees without fear of being hit by a carriage. After the fire of 1812, another green belt was erected in Moscow, known as the “Sadovoye”, a wide street surrounding the fast-growing downtown, with many flower gardens in the districts. home. The process of “greening” since the beginning of the 20th century The process of strong urbanization starting from the October revolution (1917) has caused the flow of people to flock to Moscow more and more. The ancient city was forced to adjust to the transformation of the industrial state. In the 1930s, the government removed the “Royal Court”. Trees in many squares and streets were cut down, and there were even plans to destroy the “Bundle Boulevard”. Gorky Park in Moscow in 1979. Photo: TASS Thankfully, this idea was shelved. In 1947, leader Stalin personally supervised the reconstruction and greening of the city center. The work was carried out quickly. Trees were planted around Dzerzhinsky Square (now Lubyanka Square), Okhotny Ryad Station, Sverdlov Square (now Teatralnaya Square) and Bolotnaya Square. The “greening” was also carried out on a large area from Manezhnaya square to Belorussky metro station. These are the first steps to help green the central area of ​​​​Moscow. In 1951, the Moscow government selected 272 greening projects in the capital. By 1961, afforestation workers had planted more than 500,000 trees and shrubs in the city, with a variety of trees such as small-leaved linden, green-leaved spruce, pine, barberry shrub, rose… This period saw the birth of a series of the largest public parks in Moscow, from Gorky Park, to Sokolniki Park, Izmailovsky Park, Losiny Ostrov National Park – the largest urban park in Europe. with an area of ​​over 300 square kilometers. Currently, green space in Moscow is strictly controlled. Since 2013, the city government has launched an initiative to plant one million trees, focusing on creating a garden landscape in the backyards of buildings. The felling of trees in Moscow is strictly regulated. If because of construction work, contractors and investors can still cut down trees, but must ensure the principle that cutting down an old tree must plant two new trees.

Russia has developed a project to build a patrol boat capable of diving. Such a ship combines the main features and advantages of a submarine and a surface patrol vessel. The project is intended for export and is supposed to attract the interest of less affluent countries looking to upgrade their fleets. In mid-April 2021, Rubin Design Studio unveiled a new project. They provide background information about an unusual idea, upcoming implementation, and expected results. In addition, this design studio also shows a hologram of a patrol boat with submarine features. The new export-oriented project is named ‘Sentinel’ in Russian, with the English designation chosen as ‘Border and Offshore Submersible Sentry’ or ‘BOSS’ . Sentinel will most likely be marketed as ‘BOSS’ in the international market. The project developers note that modern patrol boats are relatively cheap – and due to their low cost, they attract the attention of poor countries. The main goal of such ships is to be able to prevent poaching and illegal fishing. “Project Sentinel proposes the construction of a ship capable of operating on water or under water. It is claimed that such a ship in a position on the water will be able to carry out official patrols, locate and arrest violators,” said Viktor Murahovsky, editor-in-chief of the magazine’ Homeland Arsenal’, said. “The underwater location is intended for covert surveillance of intruders, reconnaissance and even to avoid adverse weather conditions.” According to him, this is the first version of the diving patrol boat. In the future, the model can be modified to suit the wishes of foreign customers. The official image shows a ship that has the appearance of a submarine but has some uncharacteristic features of a submarine. The Sentinel had an elongated hull with a flat deck on which a limited-sized superstructure was placed. At the bow of the ship, the shield of the hydroacoustic complex antenna can be seen. On either side, forward of the superstructure control tower, there are extendable horizontal rudders. At the stern of the ship there is a compartment for storing motorboats that are brought on deck. As expected, the architecture and main dimensions of the ‘Sentinel’ are similar to the diesel-electric submarines designed under the old ‘Project 613’. This is a major project in the history of the Russian Navy and is very popular with foreign customers. Depending on configuration, ‘BOSS’ ships can be up to 60-70 meters in length and displace around 1,000 tons – approximately the size of an average 613 submarine. The full composition of the ship’s special systems and equipment is not specified. But this semi-submersible patrol boat is capable of carrying weapons of all kinds. It can be equipped with a small artillery complex, a missile system or torpedoes. For reconnaissance and inspection of other ships, the ship will be able to carry UAVs and motorboats. Sentinel can accommodate up to 42 people. This includes crew members, ship operators, and inspection teams responsible for dealing with violators. “The development of the Sentinel project is to meet the current requirements of the international market. Many countries are expressing interest in patrol boats. Thanks to the Sentinel project, Russian industry was able to gain a new position in the international market,” said expert Murahovsky.

The new Covid-19 vaccine Sputnik Light was registered on May 6. (Source: Sputnik) According to Russian Health Minister Murashko, just registered a few days ago, the Sputnik Light vaccine has attracted interest abroad. However, Mr. Murashko did not specify which countries have shown interest in this vaccine. Sputnik Light is the first component of Sputnik V – a recombinant human viral vector of serotype 26 (rAd26). The Gamaleya Research Institute, together with the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), conducted a global trial of the effectiveness of Sputnik Light on February 21, and the vaccine was officially registered on May 6. The data showed that the vaccine was 79.4% effective, higher than many two-component vaccines. The nearly 80% efficacy level is higher than many of the world’s two-dose vaccines, highlighting the vaccine’s proven effectiveness against all new variants. According to a report by the Russian Direct Investment Fund, no serious side effects were noted after vaccination with Sputnik Light; vaccines comply with standard logistics and storage requirements. The single-dose vaccine, which allows more people to be vaccinated in less time, is effective in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic during the acute phase of development. (according to Sputnik)

From the observations of analyst Andrey Kots, it can be seen that the Russians displayed a new variant of the Kurganets-25 infantry fighting vehicle with the 57 mm BM “Epoch” turret – different from the 30 mm cannon in the reviews. former soldiers. According to analyst Ryabov Kirill, the LShO-57 differs from the well-known 57 mm 2A91 cannon in a number of features including a shorter barrel (barrel length 40 times the size) and no recoil compensation. This design makes the ballistics more stretchable, but at the same time, it also requires the development of new ammunition such as fragmentation explosive ammunition (suitable for the requirements of anti-UAV combat as mentioned above) and armor-piercing ammunition. Kurganets-25 infantry fighting vehicle parade The Kurganets-25 is a new generation of armored fighting vehicles designed to replace the BMP-2 and MT-LB vehicles in motorized units of the Russian army. This will promise to be a line of weapons that will glorify the Russian armored forces. The Kurganets-25 is heavily armed with a 30mm 2A42 automatic cannon with 500 rounds, or a 57mm caliber 2A91 cannon with 200 rounds, in addition to a 7.62mm PKT coaxial machine gun, anti-tank missiles with Kornet-EM remote control, thermobaric grenade launcher. Infantry fighting vehicle Kurganets-25 In addition, the vehicle is equipped with a meteorological reconnaissance system, 2 photoelectric target reconnaissance systems and missile guidance that significantly improve the combat capability of this armored vehicle. On the other hand, the electronic systems will be part of the sensor system, serving the active defense system “soft suppression”. The body of the vehicle is also fitted with 16 grenade launchers and 4 sensors of the Afghanit “hard pressure” system to help the vehicle have excellent defense against infantry and laser-guided weapons. A light on the turret could also be part of an active defense system against second-generation guided anti-tank missiles.

Russian submarine of the Lada class. (Source: Sputnik) According to the author, the Lada submarine’s hull is teardrop-shaped, aerodynamically, this helps to avoid turbulence and makes almost no noise. Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells that generate electricity for the propellers also play an important role in enhancing the submarine’s noise-cancelling properties. Although there is a diesel generator, but like other diesel electric submarines, in the Lada class, electricity is also generated through a chemical reaction, which helps to reduce engine noise. Currently, Russia is building two types of diesel-electric submarines, class 636.3 (Varshavyanka) and class 677 (Lada). The Varshavyanka class was created on the basis of the 877 Paltus class of the former Soviet Union. The Black Sea Fleet has already received six of these ships, and by 2024, a batch of six submarines will be delivered to the Pacific Fleet. Earlier, General Director of Admiralteyskie Verf shipyard Alexander Buzakov said that the first two mass-produced diesel electric submarines of the fourth generation of the 677 Lada class will be equipped with Kalibr cruise missiles. The Kronstadt and Velikie Luki submarines, the second and third of the project 677, are scheduled to be delivered to the Russian Navy next year. The Saint Petersburg submarine – armed only with mines and mines, joined the Russian fleet in 2010. (according to The National Interest)

Blue is the Arctic region of Russia, while blue is the area equivalent to the North Pole. Photo: Hellerick (CC BY-SA 3.0). The concept of the North Pole appeared in the Soviet Union in the 1930s to define remote areas with difficult living conditions. Most of these areas are located in permanently frozen areas. Here the land is not fertile and the winter is harsh, especially the difficult terrain, with no means of communication with other localities. These include Zapolyarie and the Far East. Administratively, however, the North Pole was added to more territories, not only distributed in the North of Russia. Specifically, this region includes part of the Ural and Southern Sibiri ranges, which are some areas of Tuva and Altai. In addition, there are similar regions to the North Pole (in blue on the map). Thus, the area of ​​the North Pole, including its equivalent, accounts for about 70% of the territory of Russia! 2. The North Pole is not inhabited by many people Remote village Tiksi in the Republic of Yakutia (Russian). Photo: Sergei Fomin / Global Look Press. Despite such a large area, but in the North Pole only less than 12 million Russians live, which is only 7% of the country’s population. Interestingly, in the North Pole, there are many ethnic minorities. They are the Pomor, Yakut, Tuva and many other peoples. They maintain a traditional way of life for hundreds of years. Cities in the Arctic are now becoming sparsely sparsely populated: In the Soviet era, people came here for money, because salaries for experts were 5-6 times higher than those in the central region of Russia. Many cities and villages were built next to mineral deposits that fell into decline after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. People are moving to warmer weather areas and selling their homes. Currently, in the city of Vorkuta, a 2-room apartment with repair costs about 200,000 rubles (nearly 2700 USD), equivalent to the price of a square meter of housing in the Moscow suburbs. In the villages on the outskirts of the city of Vorkuta, the cheapest price is from 30,000 rubles (400 USD). However, the population of Salekhard city in the Yamal region increases every year, as many locals do not want to leave. 3. The State guarantees the supply of essential goods Staff of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Conditions transport food to remote areas of the Yakutia Republic. Photo: Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations / Sputnik. Identification of the Arctic region is necessary to address the supply of essential goods issues. Every year before winter, Russian authorities organize the transport of goods to these areas such as fuel, medicine, food and other goods, usually by air or water. Of course, shops are still available in cities and rural areas in these areas, but private provision is very expensive. 4. Expensive cost of living in the North Pole Inside a store in the Republic of Yakutia. Photo: Barcroft Media / Getty Images. Farming in the Russian Arctic is very difficult due to the soil characteristics and infrequent weather conditions that allow the transportation of goods from other places. Only one thing here is the cheapest – an apartment. Here cheese costs 2 times more expensive than in central Russia, eggs 3 times more expensive, vegetables 4-5 times more. In fact, in the Arctic regions there are a few things that can be sold at relatively low prices are hunting animals and fish, which are quite rare in other parts of Russia. 5. Bright-colored housing to combat depression Graffiti in the city of Salekhard. Photo: Maria Plotnikova / Sputnik. In many cities in the North Pole, there is a tradition of brightly painted apartment buildings. Due to the lack of sunlight and trees, orange, yellow, and pink buildings add to the excitement. Vacation time longer, retire earlier Deer Farmers in Yamal. Photo: Maksim Blinov / Sputnik. In Soviet times, incentives for people to work in the North Pole were introduced in 1932 and revised several times. Today, people who work there get an additional 24 days off (by the standard 28 days a year), while working in the Arctic equivalent is an extra 16 days. If a person has worked in the Arctic for more than 15 years, then he or she is entitled to retire five years earlier than the average Russian (55 years old for women, 60 years old for men). In areas similar to the Arctic, it takes 20 years to retire. 7. The people of the North Pole adapt quickly to extreme conditions Photo: Ayar Varlamov / Sputnik. People who spend their whole life in the southern regions of Russia find it very difficult to get used to winter with cold winds and lack of sunlight. As for the people of the North Pole, such conditions will not cause them any special problems. A few years ago, scientists from the Republic of Yakutia explained that the body of people of northern Russian origin quickly adapted to extreme nights and extreme climates. QUOC KH Asian NH ( according to the RBTH . com )

According to CNN, Moscow said it had ended “rapid inspections” of troops in the east and west of the country. Illustration. Source: CNN The process of rallying Russian troops along the border in recent weeks has created tensions in eastern Ukraine. Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said that the country’s army has completed drills near Ukraine and will return to its permanent base before May 1. “I am confident that the exercise objectives are completed. The military has demonstrated its ability to provide a reliable defense force to the country,” Shoigu said at a meeting in Crimea. Shoigu’s announcement came weeks after Moscow initiated the largest military surge near Ukraine’s border since 2014. The European Union estimates that more than 100,000 troops have gathered near the border and in Crimea. However, the announcement does not specify how many troops will remain in the area after Moscow intends to withdraw before May 1. US Department of Defense spokesman Ned Price confirmed that the US would continue to closely monitor the situation along with Ukrainian officials and other allies. “What we are looking for now is action on the Russian side,” said Ned Price. “We have made clear our commitment to the Russian government, reaffirming efforts to curb the escalation and immediately cease all provocations around Ukraine, including military mobilization. Crimea and the Ukrainian border as well as its intention to block ships in the Black Sea, “Pricwe said at a press conference. Russian state news agency TASS said that some weapons from the 41st Army, including tanks and heavy artillery, will be left in preparation for the Russian-Belarus strategic military exercise Zapad 2021 taking place in May. Nine years now. The move is believed to have caused Russia to increase fire tensions on the Ukrainian border more than before. It is too early to reduce escalation Conflict Intelligence (CIT) says it is too early to assess the de-escalation process in this area. “Russian forces staying in the Ukraien border are still in danger of deploying east of Ukraine, while a large-scale invasion of the government-controlled territory will inevitably still have to mobilize more forces to the border. “Conflict Intelligence Team (CIT) said on Twitter. On April 20, the Russian Defense Ministry said more than 20 ships took part in the exercise in the Black Sea – bordering both countries. “A ship unit comprising the Admiral Makarov and Admiral Essen frigates; the small missile ships Grayvoron and Vyshny Volochek with the missile ships; the small anti-submarine and large amphibious ships conducted the exercises. repulsion of the enemy’s aerial attack vehicles. Russian Defense Minister Shoigu said the Russian military was ready to react quickly to any “adverse” developments amid NATO’s ongoing Defender Europe military exercises. NATO’s Defender Europe 2021 exercise is an annual multinational exercise led by the US military to prepare for readiness and interoperability between the United States and the military of NATO partners. The exercise was canceled last year due to the complicated developments of the epidemic. “Each year in Europe, the alliance organizes more than 40 major combat drills with a focus on dealing with Russian challenges. In the spring of this year, NATO’s joint armed forces began the exercises. The biggest ambitious match in 30 years “, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said. The NATO alliance expressed deep concern about Russia’s military deployment near Ukraine. NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg last week described the move as part of a provocation from Russia. “Allies fully support Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. We urge Russia to immediately de-escalate, stop provocative actions and respect international commitments,” said Shoigu. to speak. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky earlier this week invited President Vladimir Putin to a meeting in Donbass, urging his Russian counterpart to restore a ceasefire in the eastern region that put “millions of lives” at stake. “President Putin said he is ready to discuss bilateral relations with President Zelensky in the Russian capital,” TASS reported. Ukraine is calling for increased international support in a state of tension with Moscow while calling on the West to introduce new sanctions to prevent the Kremlin from deploying more military forces.

The S-300 air defense complex includes a radar vehicle and a missile carrier. Photo: Military Todays Variants of the S-300 are divided into the P series of land-based air defense, the V series of cruise missile interceptors, the F series of on-board air defense. In it, the version that attracts the attention of the military and is the most widely used of the P series is the new S-300PMU system. S-300PMU Known as the SA-10 by NATO, the S-300PMU is a vertical-launch air-to-air missile system using a solid-material rocket engine; equipped with a thin explosive warhead with explosive equivalent of 100kg with a near-target fuse; effective combat altitude from 25-30,000m; maximum combat distance 90,000m. S-300PMU weighs 1,480kg, is 7m long, body diameter 0.45m, flight speed 50-120m / sec, deployment time 5 minutes, recovery time 5 minutes; traveling speed of the vehicle on the asphalt road is 60 km / h, the field road is 30 km / hour; ability of continuous journey of 500km; 10 years use time; number of guided missiles simultaneously 12; 6-person team. The missile is capable of simultaneously attacking multiple aerial targets and dealing with modern aircraft from low to high altitude, cruise missiles, tactical ballistic missiles and some types of missiles. Strategic ballistic in all weather conditions day, night … The S-300PMU system has 2 versions, used for domestic use SA-10A and for export SA-10B. The SA-10A includes a missile complex, a command station, a combat control center, a 3-way target capture radar, an I FLAP LID multi-purpose phase-type radar with a digital beam to scan targets. station, 12 launch tubes placed on the container launch system. The towing vehicle is a 6×6 KrAZ-260V truck. SA-10B includes 4 launch tubes, installed and launched vertically on 8×8 MAZ-7910 truck chassis. Each SA-10B complex includes FLAP LID-B combination combat radar, CLAM SHELL 3600 3-way target scanning radar, a command-control station and a assurance unit. When maneuvering, the launcher system is installed in a horizontal position. FLAP LID-B combined battle radar has a flat network antenna with an area of ​​2.75m2; when moving this antenna in a horizontal position. This is a radar capable of simultaneously capturing 6 targets. When launched, will spend 2 missiles for each target to increase the kill capacity, the time the gun deployed to fight 5 minutes. S-300PMU-2 NATO calls it SA-20B. Compared with the S-300PMU-1, the S-300PMU-2 version has a remarkable advantage by using the new 48N6E2 missile, which can destroy medium-range ballistic missiles, and fighters at range. 200km li; greater target detection using the RLS 96LE independent target indicator. S-300PMU-2 can also shoot missiles 48H6E, 48H6E2 … of S-300PMU-1, ensuring connectivity to any air defense system. S-300PMU-3 (commonly referred to as S-400) NATO, called the SA-20, is a new generation of long-range air defense and anti-missile weapons developed on the basis of the S-300PMU missile system. The outstanding advantages include: fully automatic combat features; works in all weather conditions; It is capable of intercepting aerial targets from a range of 400km such as stealth aircraft, strategic and tactical aircraft, tactical missiles, tactical ballistic missiles, medium-range ballistic missiles, electronic countervailing systems, reconnaissance vehicles … Components of the S-400 include: Command station, radar radar, phased network radar, 8 anti-aircraft missile complexes with 12 launch tubes, 2 surface-to-air missile complexes, technical support complex and security stations maintenance … Currently, in the world, about 20 countries and territories have equipped and deployed the S-300 system. In which, Russia is the leading country in the possession of this weapon. It is expected that by 2025, the Russian army will replace all S-300 systems with the new generation S-400, S-500 and Pansir-S systems, capable of attacking off-road targets. horizon, tactical ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, modern aircraft and jamming equipment … in all weather conditions. Major improvements will be made from the system’s electronic devices. This will allow the missile system to have longer, higher visibility and more flexible response, extending the range and range of targets in space. The next-generation air defense missile system will be combined with elements of air defense, missile defense and space defense. The plan is being carried out by the Almaz Design Institute and Russia’s Fakel Machine Design and Construction Department.

Russian nuclear submarine and President Putin – illustration.

Russia has every legitimate right to build military might in its northern territories, where thawing ice has opened up new shipping opportunities.

But, this also does not make other nations with access to the Arctic very nervous, especially when there Moscow will place its most terrible weapons.

This is the opinion of Mr. Jorgen Ullerup, a columnist editor of the Jyllands-Posten newspaper in Denmark.

The Danish press expressed particular concern about the arrival of the Poseidon nuclear torpedo at the Russian Armed Forces, which is capable of causing massive radioactive tsunamis and flooding major cities. , crowded coastal areas.

Poseidon nuclear torpedo.

If the weapon is activated, after the impact of the weapon on any “doomsday”, to the coastal settlements in the area, it will be inhabited for decades.

Author Jorgen Ullerup has closely followed information about this weapon known as the “sharp sword” of Russia over the past few years, and it reminds him of the Cold War era.

At that time, the great powers, the Soviet Union and the United States, were competing in an arms race. Today this happens again, with only the Soviet Union – now the Russian Federation, and a third country, China, joined these two adversaries.

Another feature of the modern Cold War, according to Ullerup, is the “hypersonic revolution”, which is the emergence of hypersonic weapons among superpowers, making enemy missile defenses. useless.

According to former US Navy Secretary Thomas Modley, when he told reporters on CNN that hypersonic missiles will soon change military strategy in the same way that nuclear weapons did in the last century.

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As reported by TASS, the Russian Defense Industry Complex has begun development of the new generation Kedr intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) system. The project is currently in the process of outlining the plan and the actual development process is expected to be implemented by the end of 2023. This project has an important role in the field of Russian intercontinental missiles.

Russia’s intercontinental ballistic missiles have the world’s leading power. Source: people.com.cn.

Russia possesses a variety of ground-launched strategic missiles

The Russian military currently deploys about 310 strategic land-based missiles, capable of carrying 1,189 nuclear warheads. This is much less than the 400 U.S. missiles, but the number of nuclear warheads carried is 1.5 times that of U.S. missiles.

Overall, the Russian Army possesses a variety of surface-to-surface strategic missiles, which are currently in the upgraded stage, in the future the number of samples will be reduced further toward comprehensive modernization.

The active land strategic forces of the Russian Army consist mainly of the following three divisions:

Liquid-fueled intercontinental ballistic missile: The representative of this line is the Satan intercontinental ballistic missile. It was a heavy intercontinental ballistic missile that entered service in the late 1980s, with a total of 46, deployed at Dombarovsky and Uzhur missile bases.

The missile has a range of 11,000 km, a flight weight of about 211 tons, an attack accuracy of about 400 m, can carry 10 guided nuclear warheads, which is Russia’s most powerful strategic missile.

However, due to its long service life, it has now begun to retire. The successor missile is the Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile, which has a range of 18,000 km, a flight weight of about 208 tons.

In addition to carrying a guided nuclear warhead, it can also carry the Avangard supersonic missile as the first payload, which further improves the attack performance of the missile. In the future, the Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile will completely replace the Satan intercontinental ballistic missile.

Intercontinental missiles use solid engines. Currently the main equipment of the Russian military is the Topol-M intercontinental ballistic missile, which has been deployed since 2012, with a total of 78. On that basis, Russia continued to launch Yars intercontinental ballistic missiles, mainly improving the warhead design, increasing the number of guided nuclear warheads and penetrating equipment.

Both have a range of about 10,000 to 12,000 km, a flight weight of 47 to 49 tons. They can be deployed in both fixed and mobile launch wells. Currently, 155 Yars intercontinental ballistic missiles have been commissioned and have been deployed in combination with topol-M intercontinental ballistic missiles.

Supersonic missile. Russia attaches great importance to the development of supersonic weapons. In March 2018, President Putin unveiled the Avangard supersonic missile. The missile was successfully tested on December 26 of that year and has been deployed since 2019. The missile, which has an atmospheric Mach 20 flight speed and a range of more than 10,000 km, is currently deployed at the Dombarovsky missile base, in the future it will be equipped with at least two missile regiments.

Modern Russian intercontinental ballistic missile. Source: people.com.cn.

Outstanding development characteristics

Russia’s surface-to-surface strategic missiles have strong reserves and large-scale equipment, playing an important deterrent role in early warning counterattacks and over-the-top strikes. The general development characteristics of the missile are as follows:

In terms of missile performance, the focus is on improving penetrating capabilities and survivability. With accelerating the deployment of U.S. missile defense systems globally, Russia attaches great importance to improving the penetrating capabilities of strategic surface-to-surface missiles.

The Avangard supersonic missile deployed at the end of 2019 has a maximum flight speed of Mach 20. The Russian military claims that it can penetrate any missile defense system in the world. In the future, intercontinental missiles such as sarmat will be equipped with such supersonic warheads to improve intercontinental performance.

In terms of technological development, follow the development roadmap of both solid and liquid bodies. Russia’s liquid missile technology has developed complete, its technical performance and reliability stand at the top of the world. The Satan intercontinental ballistic missile has been using the technology for more than 30 years and is an “ace” weapon to deter the West. In the future, the Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile will serve as a replacement model.

In addition, Russia insists it will develop the name Solid intercontinental fire with strong mandability and ease of operation, and has achieved technological breakthroughs. The solid intercontinental ballistic missile, represented by Yars, can carry four guided warheads and penetrating equipment, the number of missiles deployed has reached more than 150, which has closed the gap with the US to a certain extent.

In terms of implementation, Russia follows the path of development combining fixed and mobile. Beginning in the 1990s, Russia has focused on the development and deployment of mobile strategic missiles, and has repeatedly launched intercontinental ballistic missiles such as Topol-M and Yars.

According to the latest figures, Russia has 180 mobile strategic missiles, accounting for 45% of the total missiles, which is the highest rate in recent years; fixed-launch strategic missiles have about 130, accounting for 55%. In the future, this ratio will be maintained in order to maintain the mutual complementary capabilities of the two implementation methods.

A look at kedr’s next-generation strategic missile

According to Russian media, the new generation of Kedr strategic missiles is in the process of drafting the plan. Analysts say Kedr uses solid fuel and is believed to be able to become a “ballistic missile at full speed”, capable of replacing the Yars missile system by 2030.

This project is part of the process of modernizing the strategic weapons of the Russian Strategic Missile Force. Similar to the previous generation, the new systems will be deployed in two models of mobile launchers and ground bunkers.

Russia is currently equipped with five types of surface-to-surface strategic missiles, which has put enormous pressure on logistics maintenance and combat command. Therefore, Russia wishes to accelerate kedr development so that there are many models ready to replace. Notably, the Kedr missile will most likely use the Pioneer supersonic missile, as its warhead to enhance its deterrence capabilities.

In addition, Russia intends to apply artificial intelligence technology to nuclear command, control and communication systems through the Kedr strategic missile project to accelerate decision-making procedures, improve the overall reliability and safety of the system, in order to achieve greater efficiency when intercepted by missile defense systems.