Russia has developed many weapons development programs methodically. Source: people.com.cn. New weapon development direction Russia launched the first version of the “Russian Weapons Development Program” in 2010 and version 2.0 in 2017. It is planned that version 3.0 will be released by the end of this year. According to Russian media, this program mainly provides follow-up information on the development of weapons and equipment of the Russian army, and is considered a “indicator” for the development of weapons and equipment in the country. . The 2010 version of the “Program” indicates that the Russian military will prioritize the development of nuclear and air defense as well as anti-missile forces, as well as the development of communication command systems and situational awareness. advanced. Under the guidance of this concept, the modernization level of the nuclear forces of the Russian army has been significantly improved, in which the Yars intercontinental ballistic missile regiment has been reorganized, centered The air defense and anti-missile group with the core of the S-400 gradually became the main air defense force. In addition, by 2015 the Russian Army had built a modern command and control system. Version 2.0 of the “Program” revised and supplemented the content of the previous version, proposing to “accelerate the upgrade and transformation of nuclear deterrence” and “ensure that weapons development and equipment of the Russian army in the leading position in the world, and modernization of conventional weapons accounts for more than 70%”. Speaking at a Defense Ministry meeting at the end of 2020, Russian Defense Minister Shoigu said that the Russian military-industrial complex has completed more than 97% of the research, development and production tasks in the “Chapter” program”, all the armed services of Russia have basically completed the goal of weapons procurement. The Russian Ministry of Defense is currently conducting research and preparing to launch the official 3.0 “Program” later this year. Russian media revealed that Moscow has focused on cutting-edge technologies and new concept weapons to ensure that it has a dominant position in the high-tech sector. According to reports, Russia is actively preparing a new version of the “Program” and has listed advanced weapons as the focus of development, with the intention of laying a solid foundation for weapons development, respond to increasingly complex security challenges. Weapons of the future In the new version of the “Program”, Russia will continue to promote the development of nuclear and conventional weapons, while focusing on research into artificial intelligence, robotics, hypersonic weapons and weapons. attack based on new physics principles. As of 2020, the modernization rate of the Russian army’s conventional weapons has reached 70.3%, and the modernization of the nuclear forces has reached 86%. According to the plan, the Russian services will continue to promote the modernization of weapons and equipment at a rate of 2% to 3% annually. Currently, in Russia’s hypersonic arsenal, in addition to the Avangard and Kinzhal missiles that have been put into operation, the Poseidon unmanned rolling device and the Zircon hypersonic cruise missile have also entered the test phase. Russia’s “torpedo” Poseidon scared the whole world. Source: people.com.cn. In addition, Russia recently revealed plans to design light vehicles carrying hypersonic munitions, such as glide bombs, and has continuously developed asymmetrical strategic balancing measures. In the next 10 years, heavy drones represented by “Altius” and “Hunter” will become the mainstay of Russia’s aerospace forces. Many new electronic warfare systems will also become the core of Russia. According to Russian military experts, the new “Program” will introduce “plans for the development of weapons and equipment in the complex climate of the Arctic”. Many difficulties await Some analysts believe that the new Russian version of the “Program” is promising, but will face certain difficulties in the implementation process. On the one hand, the modern technology of the Russian army still has shortcomings, which will be difficult to make up for in the long run, on the other hand, the defense budget of the Russian army is decreasing year by year, which is not suitable for the “stability and ongoing financial support” is suggested in the “Program”. In addition, under the technological blockade of the West, Russia is still struggling to research avionics components, liquid crystal displays, stealth materials and large-scale drones. . In fact, many new weapons and equipment, including the T-14 tank and the Su-57 fighter jet, were short on funding, causing the production time to be continuously extended. In addition, due to the influence of the budget and other strategic plans of the Russian military, there have been many adjustments, such as the program to build a new aircraft carrier.

Mamissa Mboob (from Geneva, Switzerland) used to work as a social worker helping women and girls. However, she quit her job to become a fashionista. She told the Daily Mail: “I currently have 400 pairs of heels. My big passion is shoes. Wearing them every day and putting on makeup after waking up makes me feel better during the lockdown.” . Mamissa Mboob loves shoes because she thinks they make her feel feminine and alive. Her shoes and boots are mainly bought from high-end brands like Fendi, Gucci to mid-range brands like Paris Texas. No need to invest in branded items, Mamissa thinks you can still shine in popular designs. This woman said she spent nearly $ 150,000 to have a colorful wardrobe. In addition to shoes, Mamissa also “bought” about 60 branded bags from famous brands such as Hermès, Chanel. Her previous job required Mamissa to dress modestly and simply. Currently, green, red and purple tones are often attached to her. That’s her way of encouraging people not to be afraid to express themselves. “I try to avoid wearing only black or brown boots. The shoes have to be sure to have all the colors that stand out, from pink, blue, purple, green to yellow and red,” she says. Mamissa loves Balenciaga’s purple boots best. Mamissa bought herself her first Birkin bag. It was meant as a gift after she gave birth to her first daughter. “When the baby was born, there were many difficulties but my daughter was healthy. I decided to buy the first orange Hermès Birkin bag to celebrate,” she said. She then bought this style of bag in different colors. When her daughter turns 18, she will give her first bag back. Although she has given up her old job, the way Mamissa does it still aims to send a message to women who have low self-esteem. “I want to tell all women that no one can knock you down, no one can stand in your way and never give up. Fight injustice fearlessly. Wear colors I love to do it,” Mamissa said.

55ZH6M Nebo-M radar station of the Russian military. Photo: Russian Ministry of Defense Yan Noviko, General Director of Almaz-Antey, said at a forum on new technology in Moscow on May 23: “The Nebo-M radar system is the ‘killer’ of stealth technology. Radar can detect F-22, F-35 relatively easily. Mr. Niviko also said that Almaz-Antey is capable of producing about 30 types of mobile multi-purpose radar, thanks to proper investment in research projects as well as new technology. 55ZH6M Nebo-M is the latest Russian radar, designed and manufactured by the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Engineering Research Institute (NNIIRT) of Almaz-Antey. Along with the Container radar, the Nebo-M surveillance station is considered the backbone of the battlefield radar network on Russia’s land borders. So far, 55ZH6M Nebo-M has been deployed in all the most important directions in Russia. The first Nebo-M complex was delivered to the Western Military District in 2017, followed by combat units stationed in Transbaikalia, Khabarovsk and Primorye. A year later, this advanced radar network was deployed in an air defense unit based in Crimea. The portable Nebo-M system can be rapidly redeployed to other locations by land or air. The new Nebo-M series is capable of detecting aircraft and ballistic missiles at a distance of up to 1,000 km, a big step up from the early Nebo radar systems developed under the Soviet Union. This radar station operates on the principle of active electronic scanning, making the 55ZH6M Nebo-M capable of resisting enemy jamming. When specifically installed to track targets at medium altitudes, Nebo-M radios are sometimes equipped with low-altitude radar systems like the Podlet-E. Is it really something to worry about with US stealth fighters? TASS news agency (Russia) quoted Noviko as saying that stealth technology does not cause difficulties for Russia’s new radar complexes. In theory, this is true, because VHF high-frequency radars like the 55ZH6M Nebo-M can identify an F-35 or F-22 in flight. American stealth fighter F-35. Photo: Reuters American experts say that there are many things to confirm in the Russian statement. Identifying a new target is the first step and part of the process of catching and killing the target with many stages. After locating the target, for example the F-35, the requirement for the radar station is to fix the target, track, and “catch” successfully before transferring the parameters to the unit tasked with destroying the target. target. According to General Dan Flattley, a former F-35 pilot of the US Air Force, in order to destroy the F-35, Russia must build a chain of target destruction. This task is usually performed by Russian anti-aircraft missiles, such as the Russian S-400 defense system. Until now, whether the S-400 is capable of destroying the F-35 or F-22 stealth fighters is still a subject of debate. Technically, it is clear that the 55ZH6M Nebo-M watchdog can identify the US 5th generation fighter. But that’s only part of the battle sequence. Locating is one thing, but whether Russian air defense systems can destroy the F-35 and F-22 is another story, because many factors are involved. If “detect” but not have the ability to “precise attack”, the radar’s performance does not make much sense. US stealth technology only needs to overcome the “destroy” limit of Russian missiles to be considered successful.

The S-300 air defense complex includes a radar vehicle and a missile carrier. Photo: Military Todays Variants of the S-300 are divided into the P series of land-based air defense, the V series of cruise missile interceptors, the F series of on-board air defense. In it, the version that attracts the attention of the military and is the most widely used of the P series is the new S-300PMU system. S-300PMU Known as the SA-10 by NATO, the S-300PMU is a vertical-launch air-to-air missile system using a solid-material rocket engine; equipped with a thin explosive warhead with explosive equivalent of 100kg with a near-target fuse; effective combat altitude from 25-30,000m; maximum combat distance 90,000m. S-300PMU weighs 1,480kg, is 7m long, body diameter 0.45m, flight speed 50-120m / sec, deployment time 5 minutes, recovery time 5 minutes; traveling speed of the vehicle on the asphalt road is 60 km / h, the field road is 30 km / hour; ability of continuous journey of 500km; 10 years use time; number of guided missiles simultaneously 12; 6-person team. The missile is capable of simultaneously attacking multiple aerial targets and dealing with modern aircraft from low to high altitude, cruise missiles, tactical ballistic missiles and some types of missiles. Strategic ballistic in all weather conditions day, night … The S-300PMU system has 2 versions, used for domestic use SA-10A and for export SA-10B. The SA-10A includes a missile complex, a command station, a combat control center, a 3-way target capture radar, an I FLAP LID multi-purpose phase-type radar with a digital beam to scan targets. station, 12 launch tubes placed on the container launch system. The towing vehicle is a 6×6 KrAZ-260V truck. SA-10B includes 4 launch tubes, installed and launched vertically on 8×8 MAZ-7910 truck chassis. Each SA-10B complex includes FLAP LID-B combination combat radar, CLAM SHELL 3600 3-way target scanning radar, a command-control station and a assurance unit. When maneuvering, the launcher system is installed in a horizontal position. FLAP LID-B combined battle radar has a flat network antenna with an area of ​​2.75m2; when moving this antenna in a horizontal position. This is a radar capable of simultaneously capturing 6 targets. When launched, will spend 2 missiles for each target to increase the kill capacity, the time the gun deployed to fight 5 minutes. S-300PMU-2 NATO calls it SA-20B. Compared with the S-300PMU-1, the S-300PMU-2 version has a remarkable advantage by using the new 48N6E2 missile, which can destroy medium-range ballistic missiles, and fighters at range. 200km li; greater target detection using the RLS 96LE independent target indicator. S-300PMU-2 can also shoot missiles 48H6E, 48H6E2 … of S-300PMU-1, ensuring connectivity to any air defense system. S-300PMU-3 (commonly referred to as S-400) NATO, called the SA-20, is a new generation of long-range air defense and anti-missile weapons developed on the basis of the S-300PMU missile system. The outstanding advantages include: fully automatic combat features; works in all weather conditions; It is capable of intercepting aerial targets from a range of 400km such as stealth aircraft, strategic and tactical aircraft, tactical missiles, tactical ballistic missiles, medium-range ballistic missiles, electronic countervailing systems, reconnaissance vehicles … Components of the S-400 include: Command station, radar radar, phased network radar, 8 anti-aircraft missile complexes with 12 launch tubes, 2 surface-to-air missile complexes, technical support complex and security stations maintenance … Currently, in the world, about 20 countries and territories have equipped and deployed the S-300 system. In which, Russia is the leading country in the possession of this weapon. It is expected that by 2025, the Russian army will replace all S-300 systems with the new generation S-400, S-500 and Pansir-S systems, capable of attacking off-road targets. horizon, tactical ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, modern aircraft and jamming equipment … in all weather conditions. Major improvements will be made from the system’s electronic devices. This will allow the missile system to have longer, higher visibility and more flexible response, extending the range and range of targets in space. The next-generation air defense missile system will be combined with elements of air defense, missile defense and space defense. The plan is being carried out by the Almaz Design Institute and Russia’s Fakel Machine Design and Construction Department.

The US raised the range of the S-400 killer to three times.

After improving the range of this new missile to reach about 1,600 km, which is about three times more than the current PrSM missile.

Currently, the US military continues to order old Tomahawk missiles and SM-6 supersonic missiles as temporary medium-range weapons. However, in the long run, they will replace this missile with a new generation missile, including the upgraded PrSM version.

The US military has researched and concluded that they need a medium-range missile with a range of 500 to 2,000 km, such a missile should be in service as soon as possible, at least by 2023.

General John Rafferty, who is in charge of upgrading the US’s long-range precision firepower, said that in the future these weapons will change everything in both Europe and the Pacific. He also did not hesitate to call the PrSM missile a killer capable of destroying Russia’s S-400 air defense system.

Before that, in March 2017, the US military began conducting the PrSM program. The goal of this program is to create a new generation of high-precision missiles with an official range of 60 to 499 kilometers to replace the existing US Lockheed Martin MGM-140 ATACMS tactical line of tactical missiles. .

Like the ATACMS, the PrSM missile is also launched from the standard launchers of the US M270A1 MLRS and M142 HIMARS missile systems. However, unlike ATACMS, the launcher M270A1 MLRS can carry four PrSM missiles (this pedestal can only carry two ATACMS) and the M142 HIMARS launcher can carry two PrSMs. ).

General John Rafferty said that the US military is currently researching and has committed to create a version of the PrSM capable of firing “medium range” that is about 1,500 to 2,000 km. The general also admitted that the range of this new missile violates the INF agreement, but the advantage is that the US has withdrawn from the treaty.

General Rafferty also revealed that this year, there will be four launches of the PrSM long-range precision attack missile. These tests will include a range of 400 km at the White Sands missile test site in New Mexico in May, in August the full-range missile launch will take place at Vandenberg airbase in California and These two long-range missile launches will take place in the fall.

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