Farewell to the hustle and bustle of the city and enter the experimental field for rice transplanting

June is the annual seedling planting season. Parents and families accustomed to city life enthusiastically signed up for this activity and came to the Zhuangxing Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Fengxian District to get close to nature and visit the experimental field in the atmosphere of agricultural scientific research. , Agricultural greenhouses, laboratory buildings.

To commemorate the “Father of Hybrid Rice” Academician Yuan Longping, this science night specially planned the “Parent-Child Fun Rice Planting” session. Although it was raining, under the guidance of professional scientific research teachers, he rarely did farm work on weekdays, or even did it. Parents and children in the field are enthusiastic, sow their own rice seedlings by themselves, get close to the green and work hard, experience the magical vitality of seedlings, and learn about the difficulty of food research and development, production, sowing and harvesting.

After experiencing the hard work of the field, and seeing the process of rice turning into rice, the children can taste the taste of the latest rice and corn cultivated in Shanghai. At the site of the Zhuangxing Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in order to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, a large-scale colored rice field with a length of 200 meters and a width of 100 meters was specially designed and planted, and the participating audience was invited to take photos with it. The audience participating in the event also met the breeders from the Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences, listened to the story of rice growth, and learned about the mentality of scientific researchers.

The development of “little breeder” in the Quest Lab In the afternoon and night events of this science night, a fun science interactive session was set up to develop a “little breeder”. Participants were invited to enter the Fengpu campus of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences to explore the secrets of crop breeding and cultivation. Institute, communicate with researchers and laboratory science breeders. The site will be equipped with a microscope to observe the microscopic world, experiment with species, learn the use of centrifuges, experience rice DNA extraction and other scientific experiment interactions. Teenagers will be invited to complete scientific tasks, learn laboratory knowledge by themselves, and become children through understanding basic scientific research. Little agricultural scientist! Have you seen instant corn in different colors? What are the miraculous research and development achievements of rice, grain and oil? There will be an explanation and interactive session at the event site, and the instructor will take you around the session. The artificial climate room with a high temperature and constant temperature environment, the interesting edible fungus scientific research building, the flower greenhouse, and the breeding laboratory will find answers to all kinds of questions in the heart. As a popular brand event of the Shanghai Science and Technology Festival, the Science Night in 2021 will also enter more popular science venues, scientific research institutes, and popular landmarks in Shanghai, leading the public to play science and promote it in a happy atmosphere where parents and children are holding hands. The spirit of a scientist, to perceive the mystery and splendor of science. Dongfang.com reporter Cao Lei reported on June 21: Braving the heavy rain, he walked into the experimental field to plant seedlings, clocked in the large-scale colored rice fields, explored the laboratory to complete scientific research tasks, learned about the latest corn, grain, oil, vegetables and fruits cultivated in Shanghai, and cherished the enthusiasm for science. To commemorate Academician Yuan Longping and thank the scientific researchers for their hard work and cultivate the scientific awareness of young people in loving food and saving food. Focusing on the theme of “holding the rice bowl firmly in one’s own hands”, the 2021 Science Night recently held a special event at the Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Farewell to the hustle and bustle of the city and enter the experimental field for rice transplanting June is the annual seedling planting season. Parents and families accustomed to city life enthusiastically signed up for this activity and came to the Zhuangxing Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Fengxian District to get close to nature and visit the experimental field in the atmosphere of agricultural scientific research. , Agricultural greenhouses, laboratory buildings. To commemorate the “Father of Hybrid Rice” Academician Yuan Longping, this science night specially planned the “Parent-Child Fun Rice Planting” session. Although it was raining, under the guidance of professional scientific research teachers, he rarely did farm work on weekdays, or even did it. Parents and children in the field are enthusiastic, sow their own rice seedlings by themselves, get close to the green and work hard, experience the magical vitality of seedlings, and learn about the difficulty of food research and development, production, sowing and harvesting. After experiencing the hard work of the field, and seeing the process of rice turning into rice, the children can taste the taste of the latest rice and corn cultivated in Shanghai. At the site of the Zhuangxing Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in order to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, a large-scale colored rice field with a length of 200 meters and a width of 100 meters was specially designed and planted, and the participating audience was invited to take photos with it. The audience participating in the event also met the breeders from the Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences, listened to the story of rice growth, and learned about the mentality of scientific researchers. The development of “little breeder” in the Quest Lab In the afternoon and night events of this science night, a fun science interactive session was set up to develop a “little breeder”. Participants were invited to enter the Fengpu campus of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences to explore the secrets of crop breeding and cultivation. Institute, communicate with researchers and laboratory science breeders. The site will be equipped with a microscope to observe the microscopic world, experiment with species, learn the use of centrifuges, experience rice DNA extraction and other scientific experiment interactions. Teenagers will be invited to complete scientific tasks, learn laboratory knowledge by themselves, and become children through understanding basic scientific research. Little agricultural scientist! Have you seen instant corn in different colors? What are the miraculous research and development achievements of rice, grain and oil? There will be an explanation and interactive session at the event site, and the instructor will take you around the session. The artificial climate room with a high temperature and constant temperature environment, the interesting edible fungus scientific research building, the flower greenhouse, and the breeding laboratory will find answers to all kinds of questions in the heart. As a popular brand event of the Shanghai Science and Technology Festival, the Science Night in 2021 will also enter more popular science venues, scientific research institutes, and popular landmarks in Shanghai, leading the public to play science and promote it in a happy atmosphere where parents and children are holding hands. The spirit of a scientist, to perceive the mystery and splendor of science

This article is based on the data of the Employment Report of Chinese University Students in 2021 (Employment Blue Book), and counts 10 science and engineering majors (including engineering and science), and 10 humanities and social sciences majors (including literature, history, and science) with a large number of graduates. Philosophy, Pearl Lam Galleries, Education, Economics, Management, Law), as well as the employment situation of medical majors that have attracted much attention in the past two years, hope to provide a reference for candidates and parents in their professional choices.

It should be reminded that the above data only shows the tracking evaluation of the training quality of the 2020 graduates, and the future development is still unknown. Candidates are advised to consider multiple factors such as employment prospects, social needs, and personal interest preferences when choosing a major, and must not blindly follow the trend.

Science and engineering: computer majors have high incomes; civil engineering majors can best “apply what they have learned”

According to the data from the Blue Book of Employment in 2021, among the top ten science and engineering majors with a large number of graduates in 2020, the computer major has the highest monthly income (6800 yuan) after graduation, and the computer and data processing, Internet development and application personnel are the majors graduated After the main work. Other higher-income professional categories include electronic information (6091 yuan) and automation (5917 yuan).

If high income is not the only career pursuit, mathematics and electrical majors may also be a good choice. More than three-quarters of graduates of these two types of professional employment have found a job that satisfies them, with employment satisfaction of 76% and 75% respectively.

From the perspective of the relevance of work and majors, 87% of civil engineering majors in the 2020 class are engaged in jobs related to their majors, and electrical majors are also highly related to majors (81%). Therefore, it is recommended that students who choose to study in these two majors, pay special attention to the cultivation of professional knowledge and skills during the university, which will be more conducive to entering a better career development platform after graduation in the future.

Humanities and social sciences: Management science and engineering majors have an advantage in income, and 90% of education majors realize the “gardener dream”

Among the ten humanities and social sciences majors with a large number of graduates in 2020, the highest average monthly income is management science and engineering (5701 yuan), and its representative majors include information management and information systems, engineering management, etc.; Later, he majored in finance (5587 yuan).

In contrast, although the income of education majors is not high, the employed groups have a higher sense of professional happiness, and 90% of them are engaged in professional-related jobs after graduation, such as elementary and middle school education personnel, early childhood and preschool education personnel, education and training Personnel is the main occupational category engaged in. The vast majority of students with “gardener dreams” can achieve their ideals better after studying in this type of major.

At the same time, it should also be noted that the 2020 economics and trade majors have a 51% correlation with majors, and about half of the graduates are engaged in jobs outside of their professional fields. Therefore, it is recommended that students who choose this type of major pay more attention to the cultivation of general work abilities during their university studies, such as communication skills, cooperation skills and other workplace “soft skills”, which will help them develop better in a broader employment field.

Medical: Generally speaking, the initial income after graduation from undergraduate is not high, so be prepared for further studies

In recent years, with people’s emphasis on health, coupled with the sudden impact of the epidemic in 2020, medical majors have become popular for admission. Stable industry, high social status, and good income seem to be the general understanding of the future jobs of medical graduates. In fact, what is the quality of their employment?

As can be seen from the table below, among the five medical professional employment groups with a large number of graduates in the 2020 undergraduates, about 90% have engaged in professional-related jobs after graduation. Among them, the clinical medicine professional work and professional correlation reached 96%. The job satisfaction of medical technology, nursing, and pharmacy majors is relatively good.

Due to the characteristics of the medical industry, the salaries of medical graduates in the early stages of work are generally not high. Moreover, many large medical institutions now require a master’s degree or above for recruitment. Therefore, choosing to embark on the path of medicine requires preparation for continuous study in the professional field.

the data shows: The follow-up evaluation of the training quality of the 2020 undergraduates half a year after graduation will be completed in early March 2021. The national sample of undergraduates is 124,000. Covering 401 undergraduate majors, covering 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country, covering 582 occupations and 330 industries engaged in by undergraduate graduates. Data analysis: Max Research Institute

Recently, the acknowledgment part of a doctoral dissertation from the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences sparked heated discussion on the Internet. In “Acknowledgements”, the author recalled the story of how he walked out of the small col and fought against his destiny, which impressed a large number of netizens.

The author wrote in the “Acknowledgements” of the above-mentioned doctoral dissertation: “ Born in a small col, my mother left home when I was twelve years old. My father did not spend much time at home. Even when I was too sick to go to the hospital, I only left enough money to treat the illness and left. When I was seventeen, after he passed away in a traffic accident, I cried faintly, because no one would take care of me when I was seriously ill. In the same year, my mother-in-law who lived with me died of an illness and was really helpless. She took care of me for seventeen years, but when I was buried, it was just a thin coffin. Another family member is the old dog, Xiaohua, who guarded the grave for his father and mother-in-law, and later died because I went to high school in the city and did not know when and where to end. Qiu Hao, my brother-like computer enlightenment teacher, failed to see my university admission notice, and the teacher who took good care of me also hurriedly passed away before being confused. Every time I go back to see them, these tombs remind us that every minute of life is precious. ”

“ Human feelings are cold and warm, life and death, of course, make people miserable and helpless, but poverty can make people lose hope. As a family apprentice, doing homework or reading under a kerosene lamp is the happiest thing in the evening. If it rains, the reserved program is to use bamboo shoot shells to plug seams to prevent rain leakage. Before high school, the main source of income was catching eel at night, fishing on weekends, raising piglets, and renting buffalo. In those years, paddy fields and small rivers with a radius of ten kilometers have been measured countless times with my feet. Being chased by a dog and a snake, falling into the water in the middle of the night, and running home in the dark because the storage battery got into the water; the tuition was not paid, but the eel was sold by his father and then bought meat and wine. “He recalled.

In addition to the poverty in life, there are also spiritual stimulations that the author can hardly forget: “ The suffering of the queen can still be overcome, but the dignity of the front is extremely fragile. When attending class, because of arrears in tuition fees, the teacher is often called out of the classroom for an appointment. Classes are wet on a rainy day, and the back of the buttocks may still be muddy. Walking barefoot on the hot road in summer. In winter, wearing shabby clothes shivering through the long aisle to lead the workbook. These may be the last straw to crush the camel. If it weren’t for the fact that I can often receive bonuses from the podium after the exam, and by the way, I can post a wall of awards to satisfy the final vanity, I might have given up long ago. ”

From Juguang Township Primary School, Dayin Town Middle School, Yilong County Middle School, Nanshan Middle School in Mianyang City, to Southwest University in Chongqing, to the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, he can’t remember how many times he “has been looking forward to getting out of the mountains”. He felt that he could not bear the pressure of reality. His belief was simple: “ Read the book, then go out, live in vain “.

At the end of “Acknowledgements,” he wrote: “ The ideal is not great. I only hope that I will still be a teenager when I am over half a hundred years old. I hope that I will have the opportunity to re-understand the world and live up to the hardships I have endured in my life. In the end, if you can do something to make other people’s lives better, you will earn money in this life. ”

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I don’t know if you have seen a video similar to “Glass Marble Making”.

In the video, the worker master needs to heat the glass material at a high temperature and then quickly shape it in a fluid state.

Although we are across the screen, we will also sweat for the operator. After all, the bright brightness makes it very hot to look at!

However, a recent study by Science shows that Now it is possible to inject glass under low temperature conditions!

Frederik Kotz and Bastian E. Rapp of the University of Freiburg in Germany proposed a high-throughput injection molding process using silica nanocomposites.

They combined the low-temperature injection molding process (IM) with water-based degreasing and low-temperature sintering processes to develop a new glass processing technology compatible with injection molding technology, which can quickly mass produce high-precision glass products with smooth surfaces.

Processing glass is not that simple

This technological breakthrough can be said to solve the core difficulties of the current glass processing industry.

first of all, High temperature melting, castingIt has always been a problem that plagued the glass processing industry.

The high temperature requirement above 1500℃, on the one hand, causes huge energy consumption during processing (It is estimated that every ton of glass processing needs to consume 5-6 megajoules of energy); On the other hand, to a certain extent, it limits the capacity and efficiency of glass industrial processing.

Secondly, the processing of glass micro-morphology mostly uses hydrofluoric acid, laser etching, etc. The preparation process is dangerous, difficult to operate, and pollutes the environment. The shape and output that can be processed will also be limited.

How to achieve?

However, Markus Mader and others used a low-temperature injection molding process (IM) combined with a water-based degreasing and low-temperature sintering process, which just solved the above problems.

Technical core—— Injection molding process (IM)It is a kind of rapid processing technology suitable for industrialized production. It finally produces a semi-finished product with a certain shape by pressurizing, injecting, cooling, and detaching molten raw materials.

Previously, this technology was mostly used in the processing and production of polymers. This time researchers have applied it to glass processing in a breakthrough.

First, the researchers pre-mixed silica nanopowder, vinyl butyral (PVB) solution, and vinyl butyral (PEG) solution, and evaporated to obtain a thermoplastic silica composite.

Then use a twin-screw extruder to plasticize and extrude the obtained material to obtain granular raw materials;

Followed by 130°C, Injection molding at a specific pressure of 700 ~ 1000 bar, obtained Green bodysection;

Soak the green body in water at 40°C first to remove the PEG from the material, and then use high temperature to remove the remaining binder;

Finally, high-quality transparent fused silica glass is obtained by sintering in a vacuum environment at 1300°C.

Due to the optimized two-step degreasing process, the injection molded green parts (less than 2 mm in size) are converted to transparent fused silica, and only a total of 24 hours.

In addition, the researchers further used the technology to perform high-throughput manufacturing on a commercial injection molding machine (Babyplast Christmann).

It was found that even if the silica nanocomposite is fully automated injection molding with a cycle time as low as 20 seconds, it is possible to produce complex-shaped fused silica parts at the industrial production level.

More than 200 parts were produced in 18 minutes, which means One glass component can be produced every 5 seconds!

Not only that, the energy consumption of the whole process Less than 60% of traditional processing technology; And because the degreasing process is not carried out in a high temperature environment, the adhesive used in the process can still recycle and re-use.

△Frederik Kotz

Researcher Frederik Kotz said: “This method can finally get high-purity silica glass of any shape.” And said that these glass parts will eventually have Commercial telecommunications equipment and chemical reactorsThe required optical and chemical properties.

△André Studart

André Studart, a materials scientist at ETH Zurich, said that this method can lead to more new ideas.

However, he proposed that this new method of mass production of glass components still faces a bottleneck: The PEG removal process takes several days, To ensure that the glass parts will not crack.

“If this process is accelerated, glass injection molding will become as popular as plastic!”

Reference link

[1]https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6538/182

[2]https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/04/glass-molded-plastic-could-usher-new-era-complex-shapes

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