Russia has developed a project to build a patrol boat capable of diving. Such a ship combines the main features and advantages of a submarine and a surface patrol vessel. The project is intended for export and is supposed to attract the interest of less affluent countries looking to upgrade their fleets. In mid-April 2021, Rubin Design Studio unveiled a new project. They provide background information about an unusual idea, upcoming implementation, and expected results. In addition, this design studio also shows a hologram of a patrol boat with submarine features. The new export-oriented project is named ‘Sentinel’ in Russian, with the English designation chosen as ‘Border and Offshore Submersible Sentry’ or ‘BOSS’ . Sentinel will most likely be marketed as ‘BOSS’ in the international market. The project developers note that modern patrol boats are relatively cheap – and due to their low cost, they attract the attention of poor countries. The main goal of such ships is to be able to prevent poaching and illegal fishing. “Project Sentinel proposes the construction of a ship capable of operating on water or under water. It is claimed that such a ship in a position on the water will be able to carry out official patrols, locate and arrest violators,” said Viktor Murahovsky, editor-in-chief of the magazine’ Homeland Arsenal’, said. “The underwater location is intended for covert surveillance of intruders, reconnaissance and even to avoid adverse weather conditions.” According to him, this is the first version of the diving patrol boat. In the future, the model can be modified to suit the wishes of foreign customers. The official image shows a ship that has the appearance of a submarine but has some uncharacteristic features of a submarine. The Sentinel had an elongated hull with a flat deck on which a limited-sized superstructure was placed. At the bow of the ship, the shield of the hydroacoustic complex antenna can be seen. On either side, forward of the superstructure control tower, there are extendable horizontal rudders. At the stern of the ship there is a compartment for storing motorboats that are brought on deck. As expected, the architecture and main dimensions of the ‘Sentinel’ are similar to the diesel-electric submarines designed under the old ‘Project 613’. This is a major project in the history of the Russian Navy and is very popular with foreign customers. Depending on configuration, ‘BOSS’ ships can be up to 60-70 meters in length and displace around 1,000 tons – approximately the size of an average 613 submarine. The full composition of the ship’s special systems and equipment is not specified. But this semi-submersible patrol boat is capable of carrying weapons of all kinds. It can be equipped with a small artillery complex, a missile system or torpedoes. For reconnaissance and inspection of other ships, the ship will be able to carry UAVs and motorboats. Sentinel can accommodate up to 42 people. This includes crew members, ship operators, and inspection teams responsible for dealing with violators. “The development of the Sentinel project is to meet the current requirements of the international market. Many countries are expressing interest in patrol boats. Thanks to the Sentinel project, Russian industry was able to gain a new position in the international market,” said expert Murahovsky.

The design of a patrol boat capable of diving under water in the Sentinel project. Photo: TASS This is an affordable submarine for countries with a modest defense budget. The new ship combines the features and advantages of submarines with surface patrol boats. This export-specific project, is expected to attract the attention of smaller countries looking to upgrade their fleets. The purpose of the project “BOSS” In mid-April 2021, the Rubin Central Marine Technical Design Bureau unveiled a new project. The agency provided background information on the project to build a special patrol boat, its progress and expected results. Along with that, is a three-dimensional image of a patrol ship with submarine features. The project dedicated to export is called “Sentinel” in Russian, and the English name is “BOSS (short for Border and Offshore Submersible Sentry). The Sentinel will most likely be marketed on the national market as “BOSS”. The cost of modern patrol boats is relatively low, making them suitable for countries with small budgets, project developers note. The aim of these ships is to prevent poaching and illegal fishing. In addition, they can also be used as security ships, lifeboats or for research purposes. Viktor Murahovsk – editor-in-chief of Homeland Arsenal magazine said: “The Sentinel project proposes building a ship capable of operating both above and below the water. When operating on water, it can patrol, identify and arrest offenders. When operating under water, it will secretly spy on intruders, scout and avoid bad weather while on mission. According to Viktor Murahovsky, the first version of the patrol diving boat will have the above characteristics, in the future they will be modified to meet the needs of foreign customers. Technical characteristics Officially released photos show that this ship takes the form of a submarine but has some properties that are not typical of those operating under water. The Sentinel has a rather long hull with a flat deck, on deck there is a cockpit with a limited size. In the bow is equipped with hydrophonic complex antenna. The ship has a conical control tower with horizontal rudders. At the stern, there was a compartment for the motorboats of the patrol teams. According to published information, in terms of architecture and size, the ship resembles the project 613 diesel-electric submarines built in the 1950s. It is the largest project in the history of the Russian Navy and is foreign customers are very popular. Depending on configuration, the Sentinel patrol boat will be 60 to 70 meters in length, displacing about 1,000 tons. The full details of the ship’s special systems and equipment are not yet clear. However, this patrol ship is believed to be able to carry weapons such as torpedoes, missile systems, and small caliber artillery platforms. To perform patrol and surveillance tasks, the ship will be equipped with unmanned aircraft (UAV) capable of flying for many hours continuously and canoe. A crew of 42 people, including a patrol team, is responsible for handling violators. Advantage over foreign competitors Expert Viktor Murahovsk said: “The development of the Sentinel project is aimed at meeting the current needs of the international market. Many countries are paying special attention to patrol boats. Thanks to this project, the Russian defense industry can gain a new position in the international market ”. To win against foreign competitors, the new patrol ship must have certain advantages, outperforming its competitors. One of the Sentinel’s advantages is to abandon the traditional form of a surface ship to a combination of a patrol boat and a submarine. “With the basic functionality of surface ships, the Sentinel can patrol and arrest violators just like other patrol boats. In addition, due to its built-in weaponry, it can provide the necessary combat capabilities, meeting the requirements for surface ships. On the other hand, diving will help the ship be stealthy and perform missions below the water, as well as provide other advantages, ”concluded Viktor Murahovsk. Most importantly, the Sentinel is not a specialized train, but a multi-purpose ship. Its equipment and weapons will be determined by the customer, depending on their needs. In the Sentinel project there are both simply minimally equipped patrol boats and state-of-the-art “powerful hunters” capable of destroying underwater and surface targets. Flexibility in using this vessel type can be an important competitive advantage.

Illustration. One of the most isolated places in the world is the Vale do Javari region in the Amazon forest area. It is home to 14 Amazon tribes and they do not have any contact with the outside world. The area covers an area of ​​86,000 square kilometers, which is about the size of Austria. According to The Guardian, in March 2019, an expedition was organized by the agency for indigenous Brazilians, with the aim of easing tensions between two rival indigenous groups in the Vale do Javari region. The slums Looking at a map of a city, you will see clearly indicated streets, parks, highways, and buildings. However, in some cities, there are areas that do not appear on the map. According to BBC Future, in cities like Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria, the slums are not depicted on the map because these areas are not the top priority here. In fact, many of the largest cities in the world have large communities with impoverished populations that live there and never appear on maps. Cenotes Yucatán Cenotes, Mexico According to photographer Klaus Thymann, this underwater cave system is located in the Yucatán peninsula of Mexico. This cave system is thousands of kilometers long and has not been explored since the Mayan period; and it doesn’t exist on any map. Klaus Thymann begins the exploration of the Yucatán Cenotes cave system and takes pictures of it, with a desire to raise awareness about this unique cave preservation. Rivers flow through caves and form the aquifer of Yucatán and support about 11 different ecosystems. Gangkhar Puensum Mountain, Bhutan This is probably the tallest mountain in the world that has not been conquered yet, it is estimated its height is about 3,000 meters. This mountain has not been mapped and unlike others, it has yet to be explored for spiritual reasons. For the locals, some areas on the mountain have been refugees for Buddhist saints for centuries and the mountains themselves have been home to gods and goddesses. Patagonia, Argentina and Chile regions According to Geospatial World, Patagonia region stretches almost as far as Antarctica. It is littered with tropical forests, glaciers, so remote and inhospitable that it is almost impossible to map. Mapping this area is a difficult and dangerous task, as the ice fields here are comparable to those of the polar ice. Northern mountain forest complex, Myanmar The US economic sanctions against Myanmar for many years have helped the country successfully protect most of its primary forests from the effects of economic development. But this seems to be changing, the area of ​​primary forest is disappearing and with it many vulnerable species. However, it is very difficult to assess the damage because there are almost no roads in the forest and very few people can come in to assess the situation. This means primeval forests are likely to disappear before it has been fully mapped. Cape Melville Cape, Australia Cape Melville is a cape off the coast of Queensland. And a surrounding wall made of granite has separated this headland from human exploration. Although the habitat inside the rainforest in the headland is effectively protected, it also means that the area is virtually unmapped. North Sentinel Island, India North Sentinel Island is part of the Andaman Islands between India and Myanmar. Due to the local population’s hostility towards outsiders (who are not Sentinel residents), this place has not been explored and mapped. In 2006, a boat carrying two fishermen drifted into the farmland of North Sentinel Island and they were killed there. Since then, there have been other reports of tribes firing arrows at passing helicopters. Ocean bottom The vast ocean floor and the bottom of the five oceans cover up to 71% of the earth’s surface. Even though we have mapped the ocean floor, according to The Conversation of Australia, the map is clearly low resolution. In fact, our map of the ocean floor is less detailed than our map of Mars, Moon and Venus. That is because the water flow has blocked the mapping tools. But oceanographers are still researching and conducting more perfect, detailed ocean floor mapping. Sandy Island, South Pacific Some locations that actually exist are not mapped, while areas that do not exist are shown on the map. One example is Sandy Island located in the south of the Pacific Ocean. This island appears on marine maps, world maps as well as on Google Earth and Google Maps. But when the scientists began to study this supposedly located halfway between Australia and New Caledonia, they discovered it didn’t exist there and probably never existed. Even so, the island has been on the map for many years and it is thought that it was just a mistake.

Google Earth desktop and mobile time lapse is now available worldwide. PHOTO: GOOGLE. Google Earth users can see the dreadful impact climate change has had over the past four decades. Google’s latest feature, Timelapse, is an eye-opening engineering marvel that provides visual evidence of how Earth has changed due to climate change and human behavior. This tool takes a static image of the platform and transforms it into a dynamic 4D experience, allowing users to click through the timeline highlighting melted ice caps, receding glaciers, massive urban growth, and the impact of forest fires on agriculture. Google says it took two million processing hours on thousands of machines in Google Cloud to compile 24 million satellite photos, 800 videos captured and recorded between 1984 and 2020 on Timelapse. The company has worked with NASA, the US Geological Survey’s Landsat program, the European Union’s Copernicus program and Sentinel satellites, and the Carnegie Mellon University CREATE Laboratory, to help develop the technology. Satellite images taken of Dubai in 2002 and 2020. Source: GOOGLE. To explore Timelapse in Google Earth, a user can type any location into the search bar to see the location in motion, whether it’s a landmark or a neighborhood where they grew up. Google says it has removed elements such as clouds and shadows from images, and has calculated a single pixel for every location on Earth annually since 1984; put them together into one Timelapse video. Google Earth’s Timelapse tool shows the changing coastlines, the dramatic expansion of the cityscape and agricultural land, as well as the simultaneous degradation of glaciers, forests, and rivers. Through Timelapse one can see the coast of Cape Cod gradually shifting south, the development of agriculture in the middle of the desert in Al Jowf, Saudi Arabia and the development of Songdo beach, a beach. man-made in Busan, Korea. “Visual evidence can get to the core of a debate in a way that words cannot convey complex issues to people,” said Rebecca Moore, director of Google Earth. Google has also made guided tours through its Voyager storytelling platform, around some of the broader changes seen in the image. Satellite images show the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan in 1988 and 2006. Source: GOOGLE. Google said it hopes governments, researchers, journalists, teachers, and advocates will analyze their images, identity trends, and share their findings. “We invite everyone to use Timelapse and share it with others,” Ms. Moore said: “We invite everyone to use Timelapse and share it with others. Timelapse in Google Earth is a miniature to gauge the health and well-being of our single home and a tool that can educate and inspire action “. Climate change is causing frequent and more severe floods, droughts, storms and heat waves as global average temperatures rise to new record levels. Scientists have warned that an increase in global greenhouse gas emissions could lead to extreme weather conditions and higher risks from natural disasters. While the new tool can help raise awareness about our current climate crisis, a bigger challenge is translating that perception into action. Dr Jennifer Marlon, an environmental science researcher at the Yale Program on Climate Change Communications, said: “There is a large number of people who still believe that human activity cannot change the entire planet. . Those people probably won’t surf on Google Earth. But maybe their kids will watch at school and take them home telling their parents, “Mom and dad, look at this.” Google Earth’s time lapse is now available worldwide.