How do jellyfish form? Ms. Miranda Lowe, curator of the Natural History Museum, in London, England, said the life cycle of most jellyfish species is similar. As hermaphrodites, jellyfish have two gonads, male and female, located in the longitudinal gastric tube symmetrically across the gastric plane. Normally, a jellyfish goes through five stages in its life. First, the adult jellyfish will “lay” eggs and sperm into the water. These two cells combine to form a fertilized egg in water. The fertilized egg develops into a small larva, called a planula. It looks like a microscopic worm and can move freely through the water. The planula will look for a solid surface, such as the seabed, for shelter. During this time, it will develop a digestive system and be able to feed itself. Thanks to the right water and temperature conditions, the planula will turn into a polyp. Polyps sprout, multiplying themselves into large clumps that look like giant bushes. When the right conditions are met, the polyps release into many young jellyfish. After the jellyfish is produced, the polyp changes to a younger polyp form. Young jellyfish continue to grow into adults. Despite their unique beginnings, most jellyfish have a short life span, usually from a few hours to several months. Some species can live for several years. However, the immortal jellyfish (scientific name: Turritopsis Dohrnii) is outside this rule. The secret of “tricking” Death The Immortal Jellyfish is a jellyfish-like waterfowl, of the phylum Cnidaria, commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea or the Sea of ​​Japan. It is shaped like a bell, with a diameter of about 4.5mm. The membrane of this jellyfish is quite thin, except for a little thick at the top. Their stomachs are relatively large, bright red in color. Young jellyfish are 1mm in diameter and have only 8 tentacles evenly spaced along the edge, while adults have 80-90 tentacles. Immortal jellyfish can reverse their life cycle when injured or starving to death. This means they could theoretically last forever. When physically damaged or under stress from starvation, the adult immortal jellyfish will transform the body’s tissues and circulatory system back to a polyp state. Because of the loss of tentacles and the ability to swim, polyps again settle to the sea floor. Over the next 24 – 36 hours, this polyp will develop into a new polyp, located in the early stages of the jellyfish. Then gradually, this polyp will hatch into a jellyfish. This phenomenon is compared to the life cycle of a butterfly. Instead of dying, the butterfly can transform back into a caterpillar and then from the cocoon, it will spread its wings again. The process behind the “rebirth” of the immortal jellyfish is a process of differentiated transformation, which is extremely rare in animals. According to research by scientists, cells in adult jellyfish and cells in polyps are different. The process of adult jellyfish shrinking into polyps allows it to form a new body, different from its original form. But the new adult jellyfish and the old jellyfish are genetically identical. Reversing the life cycle can be repetitive. In perfect habitat conditions, immortal jellyfish will never die of old age. Ms. Miranda commented: ‘We can be too focused on the large jellyfish. But little animals like this can provide a lot of great science about jellyfish and the natural world.” Diagram of the life cycle of a jellyfish. Faint existence Scientists think that the immortal jellyfish likely existed in the oceans long before the dinosaurs went extinct about 66 million years ago. But research on this animal only began in the 1980s. Immortal jellyfish were first discovered by scientists in 1883, but it was not until 100 years later, in 1980, that people accidentally discovered their immortality. University students Christian Sommer and Giorgio Bavestrello collected polyps from immortal jellyfish and watched them until the polyps turned into jellyfish. As immortal jellyfish mature, they assume that they must reproduce before they die. But unlike other species, they quickly turn back into polyps and settle to the bottom of the tank. Through observation, the two students realized that when under stress, this jellyfish would fall to the bottom of the tank and transform without fertilization or becoming a planula. This discovery led scientists to name the jellyfish Turritopsis Dohrnii the immortal jellyfish. However, not always immortal jellyfish can “fool” Death. They are the prey of many other animals such as sharks and turtles. The polyps of the immortal jellyfish are also defenseless against the pursuit of sea slugs or crustaceans. It is difficult to find out how long the immortal jellyfish can live. Immortal jellyfish are very sensitive, so laboratory studies are also fraught with challenges. Despite the difficulties, Mr. Shin Kubota, a Japanese scientist, has been raising immortal jellyfish since the 1990s. He commented that taking care of them is very time-consuming. Every day, he has to monitor the water temperature, the ambient temperature, the salinity of the water. The species’ favorite food is shrimp eggs, which must also be crushed. Kubota’s research shows that, in about two years in captivity, the immortal jellyfish have “rejuvenated” about 10 times. This jellyfish has a relatively secretive lifestyle, so their development is difficult to detect. Small size, translucent color, so immortal jellyfish are hard to see with the naked eye. Another reason the immortal jellyfish’s existence is overshadowed is that their existence does not have a negative impact on the environment. Also, in the treasure of human knowledge, the immortal jellyfish is still a mystery to be discovered in the future.

It creates an infinitely curved region of space-time, from which nothing can escape, not even light. Do black holes rotate? This is an interesting but not so simple question that I received in one of my recent lectures. To answer it completely and accurately, we need a clear understanding of the very verifiable properties of black holes as well as about the nature of rotation. To date, the concept of rotating black holes is not new. In fact, every object in the universe, once having a mass large enough to be spherical, will also have a rotation. Since mass exerts gravity, every object tends to compress itself – because its parts attract each other. For small masses, this gravitational compressive force – commonly known as centripetal gravity – is so small that it cannot exert any effect on the object, because it is simply an intermolecular force of cohesion. substance – especially solids – is much larger than it is. But with very large masses, on the other hand, the force of gravity is so great that matter will rearrange until it becomes spherical. That is, the state in which the force of gravity directed at the center of the object from all directions is equal to each other. That’s how every object as large as a planet or a star gets its spherical shape. At the same time, when there is such a large mass, another problem arises, and also related to gravity. Since no single star or planet is perfectly uniform, in fact the gravitational forces in their different regions are unequal. This difference is the main reason they oscillate, and hence the rotation. Thus, all large objects in the universe rotate because of their own gravity. What about black holes? The most common types of black holes known to scientists today are stellar-mass black holes. It is formed from the late-life contraction of the cores of massive stars. These stars are usually at least 8 to 10 times the mass of the Sun. Towards the end of their lives, their cores shrink very rapidly because the fusion reaction no longer produces enough energy to resist the contraction of that enormous mass. This sudden contraction causes an explosion that is considered one of the most violent events in the universe” supernova explosion. This explosion tore apart the stellar shell that was previously in the state of a red supergiant. The remaining core of the star shrinks and collapses to become a black hole. All stars rotate on their own axis (our Sun, for example, has a rotation period of more than 25 days). It is not difficult to speculate that something formed from a rotating stellar core would also have to rotate, because that momentum is simply still there. The same is probably true of supermassive black holes – black holes with masses ranging from hundreds of thousands to billions of times the Sun, located at the center of most galaxies ever observed. In fact, when the first image of a black hole was released in 2019, scientists were able to see the spirals of the accretion disk surrounding the black hole. It shows that the giant accretion disk is rotating, not fixed. Just like the fact that all the stars in each galaxy are constantly moving around the center of the galaxy (for example, our Sun takes about 230 million years to complete one full circle around the center of the Milky Way). Two things need to be clarified before concluding that the black hole rotates on its own The entire initial mass of the black hole – in theory – is packed into an extremely small singularity. It is so small that it can mathematically be considered sizeless. That singularity has a certain radius (Schwarzchild radius) known as the black hole’s event horizon, but it is just a region of pure space-time, not an object like it has a surface. like a star or a planet. As such, it is difficult to consider something with no dimensions, or a boundary without a surface, to be rotating, since there is simply no alternate motion of points to a particular surface. No radiation comes out from within the event horizon, which also means that all information inside a black hole is unknown. If matter were indeed crushed and completely collapsed into a single point, the space within the event horizon could itself be a place of absolute uniformity, i.e. no rotation would occur due to the difference. interesting. With these two points in mind, don’t forget that what we see spinning is itself just the accretion disk surrounding the black hole. Of course, one can also calculate the rotational speed of an accretion disk based on its mass when taking into account as well as when not taking into account the presence of a black hole at the center, from which to compare and predict. It looks like the black holes in those places are spinning very fast. Even so, given that we don’t know anything about what lies within the event horizon, or even something specific happening at its very edge, concluding that black holes are indeed rotate or not and how fast they rotate is still too early. Likewise, the charge of a black hole is also a purely theoretical concept and is calculated from solving Einstein’s equations. There is no way for us to verify if an electric charge really exists after being swept inside the black hole’s event horizon. In the future, to know more about this information, we will need to look forward to new generations of telescopes and new methods to image and track more black holes with much greater detail. compared to what there are today.

Almost everyone has at least a few stretch marks. Stretch marks can even be viewed as a good thing, as they are a clear sign of changes happening in your body and the way your skin communicates. “Stretch marks are a natural part of the skin and changes we go through throughout our lives,” says Samantha Ellis, a dermatologist and clinical instructor of dermatology at the University of California, Davis. These ugly stretch marks are a type of scarring that occurs when areas of skin rapidly expand or contract. This sudden change damages the skin’s important structural fibers – collagen and elastin, leading to stretch marks as the skin heals. The care or healing of stretch marks requires a proactive approach. Here’s a guide to preventing and treating stretch marks. Causes of stretch marks Pregnancy is one of the best known causes behind stretch marks, with sudden weight gain being one reason. However, according to Dr. Ellis, anything that promotes a rapid change in body size can cause stretch marks. This includes losing weight or gaining muscle too quickly. In addition, genetic factors can play a role in the cause of stretch marks. So don’t be surprised when stretch marks appear without an element of unexpected weight gain or loss. Remember that the reason behind them is what you need to pay attention to. Pregnancy is one of the causes of stretch marks in women How to prevent stretch marks The skin like fields in the drought season is not a secret pain of women. The question is, is there any way to erase those ugly stretch marks? According to Dr. Ellis, people can fade cracks and limit the formation of new cracks, but cannot completely treat them. To overcome the condition of skin cracks, it is recommended to have a reasonable diet, supplement with vitamins and appropriate exercise regime to increase the flexibility of elastic fibers. Besides, moisturizing the skin prevents some stretch marks. The lotion contains vitamins E, C and A, and jojoba oil to help smooth skin and reduce dryness. Also, stretch marks are notoriously difficult to treat and tend to be better treated in the early stages (still pink or red). That means you should be wary of products that claim to fade stretch marks and ingredients that don’t have the science to back them up. Clinic treatments include laser therapy, chemical peels, microdermabrasion, ultrasound, and radiofrequency.

Eating collagen-rich foods or foods that boost collagen production can also help create the building blocks (amino acids) needed for skin goals. Here are the best foods you should eat to boost collagen. Broccoli Another easy and delicious way to add vitamin C to your diet is broccoli. One cup of cooked or raw broccoli provides a full day’s worth of vitamin C, which plays an essential role in collagen building. Broccoli is rich in vitamin C, which stimulates the body to produce more collagen to maintain skin elasticity. Photo: Nhat Linh Berry Berries like blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, etc. are all a great way to add vitamin C to your diet; This is a nutrient that helps the body build collagen. Vitamin C is also a vitamin that we should eat, as the body does not make it naturally. One cup of strawberries adds 150% of your daily vitamin C goal, and one cup of raspberries adds 50% of your daily vitamin C goal. Besides, vitamin C also has its own benefits for skin health. People whose diets are rich in vitamin C have better skin and fewer wrinkles. Aloe vera juice Aloe vera has been shown to encourage collagen synthesis. In addition, it also helps in anti-aging. In a study published in the journal Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, people aged 40 and over who took an aloe vera supplement for eight weeks saw their facial wrinkles shrink and appear less noticeable. Fish and shellfish Like other animals, fish and shellfish have bones and ligaments made of collagen. Several studies have confirmed that marine collagen is one of the easiest to absorb. Unlike other animal collagen sources, fish collagen is concentrated in bones, skin, head and scales; Fish meat contains less collagen than other parts. Consuming fish and shellfish can support collagen production in the body. Photo: Nhat Linh Organ meat There are many ways to add collagen to your diet. In addition to being found in skin, bones, and ligaments, collagen is also found in animal organs such as the liver, heart, brain, and kidneys. Eatingwell.

Recently, Miranda Kerr wore a very elegant and noble white dress. And despite the proper shirt collar, the dress does not feel too rigid, but exudes softness and freshness thanks to the light hand holding, the pleated details are emphasized. This dress model is very suitable for the office environment, office ladies cannot be ignored. More liberal than the above dress is the design of a white two-string skirt. This choice helps Miranda Kerr have a sexy look, exuding a sweet, youthful but still very luxurious look. With simple two-string dresses, you may not mix accessories, but if you embellish a few items such as gold chains, big earrings, the overall will have a highlight and become more impressive. The camisole model that Miranda Kerr wears helps to highlight sexy curves and score points in sophistication and elegance. This dress is suitable for dressing up in evening dates or for big occasions. The Australian supermodel also suggests that you always have a pair of shoes that are very suitable for you to wear, which is a thin, beige sandal that is both luxurious and flattering. The ruffled skirt model that Miranda Kerr wears is not picky because it has a comfortable shape, helping to hide some body flaws. And although this dress looks very stylish, it still exudes elegance and elegance thanks to its creamy white color. Not to mention, this style of dress is also beautiful in virtual reality. White dress is an easy-to-wear item, suitable for all body shapes and all ages. The white dress helps the wearer to score elegantly in an instant and even reaches the level of luxury and sophistication if they choose wisely and mix the right accessories. In the summer, white dresses become even more ideal for home shopping thanks to their soft, soothing colors. If you want to choose the most fashionable white dress, you should pay attention to styles such as sleeveless, square neck, V-neck or babydoll skirt, simple two-string skirt. If you are afraid to explore, we suggest you some very beautiful white dresses from the following Vietnamese shops. Photo: Instagram

You can cool your skin at home with simple methods. There is nothing better than using ice cubes to cool sunburned skin. The low temperature of the stones will cause the blood vessels under the skin to constrict, reducing the blistering, vasodilation that sunlight and radiation causes to the skin. At the same time, ice also helps to tighten pores and give you a smooth, firm skin. If you have just returned from the sun, you should wash your face with clean water, then use ice cubes to gently massage in a circle on the skin and finally dry with a clean cotton pad. This will make the skin not only reduce redness and swelling but also avoid sunburn caused by sunburn. Cool the skin with green tea water If you have to be exposed to hot air and direct sunlight for a long time, you just need to drink two cups of green tea or wash your face with green tea water to block the penetration of UV rays on your skin. skin. In addition, the matcha-honey powder mixture is also a mask that can purify toxins, provide moisture and make the skin more pure and smooth. Use this mask 2-3 times a week to get the best results. Use mineral spray Mineral spray is a convenient invention that can instantly revive your skin when in a hot or dry environment. With the main ingredients of water, minerals and some vitamins, mineral spray quickly cools the skin, reduces heat and limits oil secretion on the skin. You can choose mineral sprays of reputable cosmetic brands or mineral sprays containing natural ingredients such as green tea, aloe vera, grapefruit essence… to help your skin get rid of the hot feeling. , make up for lost water. Note, when spraying, you need to keep the spray bottle about 20-30cm away from your face because this is the right distance for the mist to have enough diffusion and coverage all over the face. At the same time, shaking well before use for some mineral sprays will bring optimal effects to the skin. Soy milk to wash face on sunny days You must have heard a lot about using rice water to wash your face to get smooth, white skin. However, very few people know that washing your face regularly with soy milk not only brings the same results but also has the ability to cool the skin in harsh weather conditions. This is a fairly common practice of Japanese women, they often puree soybeans (soybeans) with water, both to prepare nutritious food and drink, and to wash their faces. This method not only makes the skin more and more smooth, repels wrinkles, but also helps to make the skin bright pink. Protein and nutrients in soybeans have a very good effect on cooling and nourishing skin cells.

The brain produces enough electricity to light a small light bulb Our brain has about 100 billion cells called neurons. When we move, look, think, dream or laugh, electrical and chemical signals are racing between the billions of neurons on this neural highway. So even though one neuron generates a very small amount of electricity, all of them together can generate enough electricity to light a low-wattage light bulb. Illustration. The sense of smell can take you back in time When we smell something that has a connection with something significant in our past, the first thing we experience is the emotion we had at that moment, then memory often follows. Sometimes we won’t remember the event or situation, but the emotion will be there. This ability actually has a very simple evolutionary explanation. There’s a part of our brain that’s dedicated to detecting chemicals that will signal us if something is approaching, that’s what our sense of smell does. This was very important to our existence in the past. Illustration. We can lift a 60kg person but cannot lift a 60kg rock When we lift “live weight” it is easier because the person can adapt to gravity and distribute their weight in more directions. If this person chooses, they can also put their arms around you, which will make things easy. While lifting an object, such as a rock, the rock cannot choose the distribution of its gravity and weight. Gravity is in the default position and this makes lifting it a lot harder. Illustration. Women’s brains shrink during pregnancy A study confirms that “pregnancy brain” is more than just a phrase used to explain the emotional roller coaster a mother-to-be goes through. The brain actually shrinks during pregnancy, but this is not a negative thing. As it gets smaller, it becomes more effective and the woman prepares for becoming a mother. In fact, the loss of gray matter occurred in the part where it would enhance her understanding of other people’s beliefs, emotions, and nonverbal cues. These changes will boost her ability to bond with her infant and make her aware of threats so she can protect her baby and herself more quickly. To have super strength, the digestive system has to shut down Fatigue, pain, and fear are all things that prevent us from trying to use our strength in our daily lives. We’ve all heard stories about a man lifting a car to save his loved one. That superpower actually comes from adrenaline, but for it to work fully, it needs to shut down the digestive system and immune response. Then the combination of increased energy levels and increased oxygen levels strengthens our muscles beyond normal. Illustration. We can see with our ears Blind people can walk by using canes or clicking on echoes that tell them about their surroundings. But scientists have actually studied the brain of a blind man named Daniel Kish. He described his vision as “something like seeing the world in dim rays”. So when his brain is being studied, the part that controls his visual context actually lights up as he listens to the echoes that help him navigate by clicking. However, when he was listening to other sounds, the area was pretty quiet. This led the scientists to conclude that Daniel was indeed experiencing something like visions. Illustration. Headaches signal bad weather For some people, headaches are not just a signal that we are too tired or overworked, but also a prediction of the weather. In fact, research has confirmed that a number of headaches, ranging from mild to severe, are caused by weather changes. While for some people it can be a rapid increase in temperature or pressure and usually during a storm. During a storm, warm and cold air mix and create a change in air pressure (barometric pressure). In fact, this is how thunderstorms, rain and wind are created. This type of air pressure actually exerts force on a certain area, and in the case of headaches, this “zone” is you. Illustration. The brain has the capacity to store 2.5 petabytes of memory Our brain has about 1 billion neurons. Each cell makes 1,000 connections with other neurons, a trillion connections in total. This gives the brain about 2.5 petabytes – 1 million gigabytes of storage. If we compare it to the length of a digital video, it would be 3 million hours for TV shows, making the video run non-stop for over 300 years. Embryos can heal mother’s wounds There have been many studies involving pregnant women and their unborn babies. The results of these studies have given scientists a new light on the strength of the fetus. During pregnancy, the cells of the embryo move out through the placenta and reside in different parts of the woman’s body. This can affect the mother’s health. In fact, these cells remain inside the body for more than a decade even after the baby is born. They can help the mother heal from injuries during pregnancy. The human ear has the ability to “hear” molecules Illustration. You can take 2 glasses and pour hot water in one and cold water in the other, and when you do this, you can hear the difference. This is because the molecules in cold water have less energy, producing low-frequency tones while hot water has more energy and produces higher-pitched tones, and we can hear and distinguish well between the two.

Now that the famous billionaire couple has filed for divorce, if this mansion is put on the real estate market, they will surely have many difficulties to find a buyer. With an area of ​​​​more than 6,100 square meters – the same size as the White House – with a large room just for children to play on a trampoline, and a price of about 130 million USD, many real estate brokers find it difficult to sell this mansion. Billionaire Bill Gates and his wife divorced after 27 years of marriage “We are all very impressed with this home,” says Ernie Carswell of Douglas Elliman, a Los Angeles-based brokerage with more than 25 years selling some of the city’s most extravagant and most expensive properties. Its owners are too rich, and they are all respected people in the world.” “They have a great house,” he said. But now if it is for sale, it is a difficult problem for brokers.” This mansion is named Xanadu 2.0, although in the records it is referred to more simply as the Gates Mansion. This is the main residence of Bill Gates and his wife. Located on the shores of Lake Washington near Seattle, Xanadu 2.0 is the crown jewel of Bill Gates and his wife’s huge real estate collection worth hundreds of millions of dollars. The Microsoft founder once confided on Reddit in 2019: “I have a beautiful house. It has a room to play trampoline, for my children to release energy.” Details about this fortress-like house were revealed only gradually over time, a little bit at a time. A Microsoft intern who visited this place in 2007 recorded: “The driveway to Mr. Bill’s house is like the entrance to a Jurassic park, long, windy, deep and luxuriant with trees.” Xanadu 2.0 is the most precious gem in the huge real estate collection worth hundreds of millions of dollars of Bill Gates and his wife. Of course, this mansion serves all the needs of enjoyment, rest and living of the owner: spa room, swimming pool, gym paved with stone taken from the mountain top in the Pacific Northwest, a stream. stream for salmon and other fish. The swimming pool is located in a private building over 360 m2, has a unique design that allows swimming under the glass wall to move to the outside corridor. Every device in the house is equipped with high technology, from the sensor system to the lighting… The massive area of ​​Xanadu 2.0 currently exceeds all properties available on the market in Washington state. According to Mansion Global, a house built according to the owner’s design, the largest and most luxurious in the area, can be very difficult to sell. The Chicago mansion of former NBA star Michael Jordan is a prime example. At more than 5,200 square metres, Jordan’s home is three times the size of the largest homes in the area and has been specially designed to suit the owner’s taste and lifestyle. So there’s a standard basketball court, an infinity pool. The basketball legend was originally listed for sale for $29 million in 2012 and to this day this mansion is still on the list for sale for a much lower price: $14.8 million. In the case of Bill Gates’ house, Mr. Carswell said: “The house will only appeal to a very small number of customers who are served by a maid. You must be able to afford to maintain an area of ​​more than 6,000 square meters. Who’s going to sweep and clean the dust?” Last year, Bill Gates paid $1.13 million in property taxes for Xanadu 2.0. And finally, real estate experts say, if Bill Gates or Mrs. Melinda want to sell it, it is unlikely that they will put it up for sale publicly, but will only offer it in a narrow range. Because they know who can afford to buy.

Vibrant natural motifs and vibrant tropical colors make tropical always the most searched keyword by fashionistas. This trend has begun to explode strongly on the Spring/Summer catwalks and so far has not shown any signs of cooling down. Like dropping into a tropical coastal forest, the designs worn by My Duyen with bold summer colors such as dark pink, yellow, orange, olive green, turquoise, … are harmoniously and new mixed. batch. These are fresh and youthful colors that express the vibrant spirit of summer. Bringing the breath of the sea is also the way the fashion house cleverly uses the materials of welding chiffon, silk, silk satin, soft and cool. The details of cut-out, stamping, and ruching are varied, bringing a completely new, more stylish and trendy look in each item of maxi dress, crop top, shorts… With this variety, My Duyen considers these interesting suggestions for fashion-loving ladies this summer. Floral motifs, tropical leaves are full of nature inspiration combined with light and airy designs to create a feeling of relaxation for customers to fully experience the beach trips and summer vacations. Posts: Beautiful Fashion

ii On the 4th day of activities at Miss Universe 2020, Khanh Van chose an extremely sexy and hot thigh split dress, showing off her “famous” long legs. The dress with a daring thigh slit helped the Vietnamese representative capture all the attention when appearing at the dinner party with the president of Miss Universe – Mrs. This is the dress chosen by Khanh Van’s crew for this important event, inspired by the water lily of the Vietnamese countryside. With this impressive split dress, Khanh Van took the spotlight when taking photos with the competitors at this year’s contest. Khanh Van beamed with her roommate – Miss Malaysia and her neighbor – Miss Cambodia. Also on the 4th day of activities, Khanh Van continued to change clothes to attend events. She chose a blue dress with delicate ruffles, showing off her sexy bare shoulders. Khanh Van confidently competes with two famous representatives of Latin America, Miss Dominican Republic and Brazil. With this dress, Khanh Van chose a different hairstyle than in the past days. The beauty chose a ponytail to show off her elegant face and enhance her modern and youthful features. With 15 suitcases of luggage to carry, Khanh Van “sprung up” with a variety of dresses, making Vietnamese fans extremely excited. Also on the fourth day, Khanh Van was one of three rare contestants selected to shoot a video clip with the reigning Miss Universe Zozi Tunzi. After making the video with Zozi Tunzi, Khanh Van shared on her personal page: “Today Van is very honored to meet you, the reigning Miss Universe Zozibini Tunzi, you are very sweet and kind.” Khanh Van’s beauty match with Zozi Tunzi made Vietnamese fans very excited, and international fans praised the beauty of both beauties.

Exploring the stars is man’s way to the universe. Some people think that each star represents a destiny, others say that the stars are small angels tasked with lighting up the night. Today, science has been able to give us a more precise answer. What is a star? Stars are all celestial bodies that are capable of emitting their own light. All of them are giant air spheres. They are tens to hundreds of thousands of times more massive than Earth. Only thanks to such a large mass can they create their own light. An object to be able to emit its own light needs to have a mass of at least 70 times the mass of Jupiter – the largest planet in the Solar System, that is, about 7% of the mass of the Sun. Why do we see the stars? The stars in the sky have always been a mystery to the human imagination. Our Earth has a mass of about 6x1024kg (6 million billion billion tons). The Sun is 330,000 times heavier than the Earth. That is, a star with a mass of 7% of the mass of the Sun would be about 23,000 times heavier than the Earth. Every object has a gravitational force that directs the center of it to its heart. Normally no one notices but we ourselves are always attracted to our own. Because each part of the body is attracted to each other and the sum of them all form a gravitational force directed towards a center of mass in our body (the center of gravity of the object). The table, the chair, the Earth, are always gravitating to itself by a force called centripetal gravity. But why doesn’t it all burn brightly? That’s because the mass of the objects we come into contact with every day just can’t afford that. Because gravity is a force proportional to mass, gravity in everyday objects is so small that they don’t cause any significant effects. With very large objects such as planets, Earth, gravity is also negligible because it creates a clear attraction that pulls everything towards it. For example, when you jump high, you will fall very quickly because of the pull from the Earth. As for the aforementioned massive objects (tens of thousands of times heavier than the Earth), the great gravity makes the pressure at the center of the celestial body very high, this pressure provides a great acceleration for the celestial bodies. gaseous atoms (mostly hydrogen). They collide strongly with each other at high velocities, breaking the electron shells, separating electrons from the atomic nucleus. At the core of the star is no longer ordinary gas but a state of chaotically moving nuclei and electrons. This state is called plasma. In the plasma state, the hydrogen nuclei have a chance to collide directly with each other at high velocities, which causes what we call fusion reactions, fusing hydrogen nuclei into heavy hydrogen and finally is the helium nucleus. This reaction is known on Earth in hydrogen bombs – bombs capable of releasing thousands of times more energy than atomic bombs of the same mass. The fusion reaction at the core of a star releases a lot of energy in the form of radiation, some of which is visible light. This radiation is transferred to the star’s surface and causes the star to glow. Stars are composed mainly of hydrogen (over 70%), with a large part helium remaining, and an insignificant fraction of heavier gases. The surface temperature of a star is usually in the range of 3,000 to 50,000K, and the temperature at the center is in the range of several million to several tens of millions of K. It can be as high as 100 million K for red giants and several billion K. with red supergiant stars. Star classification Graphic image. By mass, stars are divided into two types, dwarfs and giants. Today, modern division is based on spectral charts. In which, the star with the obtained spectrum of which position on the chart will be determined to belong to which group with specific characteristics of mass and temperature. The most widely used spectrogram today is the Hertzsprung-Russell chart. This graph represents the luminosity, size, and temperature of any star when its spectrum is obtained. According to temperature, the chart is divided into 7 levels with the symbols O, B, A, F, G, K, M respectively. In which, the star closer to O is hotter and closer to M is cold. Each level itself is divided into several sub-levels. Through the chart, it can be seen that most of the stars in the universe are concentrated in the main sequence of the chart. This sequence is a sequence of dwarfs and subgiant stars. Our sun is also on this sequence. It is located in the G group, has the detailed spectral designation G2V (yellow dwarf/Yellow dwarf). Below the sequence are groups of white dwarfs, and above are giants and supergiant, supergiant stars. Star evolution All stars form from large clouds of dust and gas called protostar nebulae. Due to gravity they gather together and shrink until they form a dense mass. As we all know, all objects that carry mass carry gravity. The same object itself also has a force of attraction between different parts of it. However, the gravitational force between small masses is negligible and we hardly notice it. Only significant forces, such as Earth’s gravity acting on people and objects, are enough to be noticed. In stars, gravity is very strong (due to its high mass). When the force of gravity is too great for the atoms to bear, they break the atomic shells and accelerate their nuclei. Hydrogen nuclei (consisting of 1 proton) when collided at high velocity, combine to form heavy hydrogen, and then helium. This reaction releases energy that causes the star to burn brightly. This is a fusion reaction (also known as a nuclear explosion. This reaction is used in the hydrogen bomb (H bomb) – the most destructive destructive weapon that mankind has built). Thanks to the great energy released from nuclear fusion in the star’s core, the gravitational contraction is halted as the released energy balances the gravitational force. The star burns so brightly for several tens, hundreds of millions or billions of years. The lower the mass of the stars, the longer the lifespan. For example, our Sun is a dwarf, medium mass, it can live for about 10 billion years. Meanwhile, stars are much larger, sometimes only living a few hundred or even tens of millions of years because the high mass creates greater pressure towards the center. It causes nuclear fusion to happen faster and the star to deplete energy faster. After burning out all of its hydrogen energy, the star no longer produces energy against centripetal gravity. It will once again shrink. At this time, the helium nuclei combine to form nuclei of heavier elements such as carbon, oxygen and heavier elements up to iron. This process releases an energy that inflates the star’s crust while the star’s core continues to contract. This is the red giant stage. For medium-sized stars (with a mass between 0.5 and 10 times the mass of the Sun), the red giant shell, when inflated sufficiently large, will explode and break up to form a planetary nebula. Meanwhile, high-mass stars have massively inflated stellar shells, becoming red supergiant stars. During this stage, the stellar core continues to contract due to gravity, temperature and pressure both increase many times compared to the previous stage, allowing nuclei of heavier elements to be synthesized (from familiar metals). from copper, silver, and gold to radioactive elements). Up to a certain limit, the energy released from the core creates a large explosion that breaks the outer shell. This is a supervova explosion. After the shell is broken, the star’s core remains for both massive stars as well as light stars. For low- and medium-mass stars like the Sun, the core will stop shrinking, becoming a white dwarf, emitting a very faint light. After billions or tens of billions of years, the generation of radiation ends, stars no longer emit light. It’s called a black dwarf, a dark, dead mass of matter. In fact, the process for a white dwarf to become a black dwarf is so long that so far a black dwarf is only a theoretical prediction. No white dwarf in the universe has been around long enough to become a black dwarf. For massive stars whose core remains after the supervova are at least 1.4 times more massive than the Sun, the mass is so great that they continue to shrink. The nuclei react with each other to form heavy nuclei. The contractions are not over yet, they cause the free electrons to be squeezed tightly against the protons, combining to form neutrons. The star becomes a solid mass of matter, composed entirely of neutrons. Therefore, it has extremely high density and extremely fast rotation speed. This object is called a neutron star. Previously, when this object was first observed, astronomers saw that it emitted a very strong amount of electromagnetic pulses, so they called them pulsars. Even more massive stars with a core mass at least 2 or 3 times that of the Sun, have not stopped after reaching the neutron star stage. They squeeze all matter together to an infinitely large density, concentrated at a location called a singularity. This singularity warps the space around it, a region of space that is bent to an infinite (closed) curvature. The boundary of this space is called the event horizon. Because the space is bent inward, anything that goes in can’t get out, not even light. This entire region of space bounded by the event horizon is called a black hole.

In the latest set of photos, the actress Love Song Aries chooses a classic style for herself. The cream-colored suit and Chanel bag show Thanh Mai’s delicate aesthetic. At the age of U50, she wants to dress herself well, but in moderation and age appropriate. Therefore, she prioritizes elegant outfits and elegant colors. Silk shirts and skirts with box pockets are Thanh Mai’s ideal suggestions for middle-aged women. This costume is for those who both want to refresh their image and meet the criteria: fashion and suitable for many situations. In addition, businesswoman skillful turban. This is a trend that is loved and promoted by many Vietnamese stars and fashionistas. This combination helps the clothes with simple shapes become more eye-catching. But the secret that Thanh Mai wants to share is that the color of the hat is coordinated with the outfit, creating overall uniformity. Thanh Mai shows off a full, sexy bust. Red is also her favorite color because it enhances her smooth white skin. The ruffled neck detail is a highlight on the blue background. Through this series of photos, MC Thanh Mai continues to affirm her ageless beauty, attractive and sexy body at the age of 48. The female MC also “invests” in her health by planting a small vegetable garden on the yard. terrace, both to provide for daily meals and a green space to relax.

Do not squint much. Squinting and facial expressions such as raised and frowning can also cause wrinkles. When you squint, your facial muscles contract. This causes the skin cells to squeeze together, losing their elasticity. Squinting is a habit of many people and requires a conscious effort if you want to prevent wrinkles. Let the skin dry If your skin is dry, you are at increased risk of wrinkles. People with dry skin produce less sebum, which is a barrier that protects the skin from many adverse effects. Regularly moisturize your skin, at least twice a day, to prevent wrinkles. Habit of squinting and frowning You know, expressive movements like squinting, frowning, and even laughing too much that repeated daily create markings and slowly the facial muscles form deep grooves – or called wrinkles. Because at first, these wrinkles appear only when you express them, called dynamic wrinkles, but daily routine will turn these dynamic wrinkles to static, meaning that no need you to express it, it will still show up. your face. And so, you will look old before your age because your face appears wrinkled too soon. Besides, there are many people who like to raise their eyebrows to make their eyes look wider, but inadvertently create wrinkles across the forehead. Get rid of these bad habits now, and remember not to over-express and repeat it often. Low-fat diet To prevent wrinkles, you need to consume more omega-3 fatty acids. This ingredient will keep skin soft and smooth. A diet low in fat leads to a lack of omega-3 in the body, leading to premature aging of the skin. Use a straw Drinking water with a straw can form wrinkles around the mouth. You should drink directly from the cup. This is similar to when you smoke, so if you are a smoker, try to quit.

Illustration. “The brush should be the last thing your teeth touch at night,” said Edmond R. Hewlett, Dental Surgeon, professor at UCLA College of Dentistry. Snacking before bed significantly increases the risk of cavities if the food is kept between your teeth. Morning brushing is equally important. Saliva production (which has a protective effect) slows down while you are sleeping, which causes the bacteria in the mouth to multiply even faster. So, you need to brush your teeth regularly every morning. You need to brush your teeth twice a day for at least 2 minutes, and be sure to spend 30 seconds in each quadrant (upper left teeth, upper right teeth, similar to the lower jaw). Brush your teeth too hard Do not think that, just brushing your teeth hard will make the teeth more shiny and clean. This is a common mistake that many people often make, because teeth can not withstand strong external influences, so when brushing will also make teeth more vulnerable. In addition, you should also choose to buy brushes with soft bristles to combine with gentle brushing to achieve high results. Brush your teeth too fast On average, brush your teeth for 2 minutes or more and absolutely no less. Because if you brush your teeth too quickly, tartar or food plaque is still left, can cause tooth decay. So, brush your teeth gently and slowly for 2 minutes to comply with the principle of properly brushing your teeth. You are not using the correct type of brush Choose a toothbrush with soft bristles that can slide under your gums and dislodge any plaque stuck there, Dr. Hewlett recommends. If the plaque is not removed, there is an increased risk of developing gum disease. Brush your teeth with a medium or hard bristle brush, plus using too much pressure can cause the gums to contract and expose the root. Because the root surface is usually not as hard as the enamel-covered protruding part, rubbing the area can cause it to wear out more quickly and cause tooth decay, Hewlett said.

Indian dance ants. The new owner of the throne has the ability to expand the ovaries, reducing the size of the brain to take over the responsibility of reproduction for the whole herd. The battle for the throne Ants have a relatively simple “class” distribution system. While the queen is responsible for laying eggs, the rest of the herd must find food, feed the ants, join the battle, and build nests. Only male ants and queens are capable of reproduction, and other ants cannot. If the queen dies, the whole herd must suffer the same fate. Similarly, the Indian dance ants (Harpegnathos Saltator scientific name) include queens, reproductive males and a group of worker ants who are females. Queen ants hold the highest position in the ant colony, living 5 times longer. Only it is allowed to give birth. In most species of ants, the queen is born, not chosen from a herd. However, the Indian jumping ants allow worker ants to compete for a chance to sit on the throne, becoming a queen ant. Research published in the scientific journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences in early April showed that, in this species, if the queen died, about 70% of the female ants in the herd would compete for the throne. . The fight lasted for about 40 days. The opponents used the beard to fight until the competing group had 5 – 10 remaining. These animals continue to spend the next days to reproduce because the ovaries are enlarged while the brain shrinks up to 25%. After the war, the winning child will expand her fertility like a queen and become the second queen. The others return to being a worker, so the ovaries shrink and the brain enlarges again. Professor Clint Penick, the lead author of the study, commented: “This is an unprecedented miracle in the insect world. The toughness of this species allows them to swap roles in the herd. Professor Penick has spent many years studying the Indian dance ants. When worker ants become queen ants, they are called “gamergates”. All worker ants in the herd are capable of reproduction, but they are only allowed to do so when they win the throne. In the natural world, many species of insects, like bees, also compete for dominance. But the jumping ants fight to give birth, which really impressed the scientific experts. When a gamergate becomes a queen, its body goes through a complex transformation process. The queen will stop producing the venom, change its behavior like evading intruders, not hunting. Notably, their brains shrank by 25%, while the ovaries were enlarged by 5%. Indian dance ants can shrink the brain, enlarge the ovaries. Looking for a solution To analyze the queen ant transformation, Penick and his team selected 60 gamergates, painted them to distinguish them, then quarantined them for several weeks. When isolated, gamergate decreased fertility. But when they returned to the herd, they were captured and imprisoned by the worker ants. Penick explains that the gamergates are being controlled by the whole herd. The worker ants stopped the other ants from reproducing because this behavior was beyond the queens of the queen ants. If it was discovered that a member with the same function as the queen ant, the worker ants would bite and detain it for many days even though it did not endanger its life. Scientists hypothesize that this behavior causes a series of internal changes to the gamergates, making them likely to become queen ants but also as worker ants. The transformation happens in a few days. The reason the Indian jumping ant’s brain can shrink is because the gamergate does not have to use the brain to forage, protect the nest from predators. Their main job is to reproduce, while worker ants need large brains to think about these problems. Another reason gamergate shrinks the brain is to conserve energy. This behavior has also been observed in the Etruscan shrew, a small mammal. Their brains shrink in the winter to limit energy, helping to keep other parts of the body warm. Some other animals also have the ability to change brain size such as ground squirrels, birds. White-crested sparrows, for example, create 68,000 new nerve cells during the breeding season to help them recognize mating calls. In winter, when food is scarce, some of the nerve cells die on their own, and in the spring, they revive again. But this phenomenon is rare in insects such as ants. While Rachelle Adams, a researcher in ant evolution and ecology at Ohio State University, thinks maybe this behavior is not as special as we think it is. The problem is that scientists have not fully understood and discovered about the Indian hopping ants may be the foundation for further research in this field. As brain modification is studied more and can be found in many different species, it will have special significance in understanding the human brain. For example, research into the brains of the Indian gerbil helps to understand more about genetic control, the ability of genes to control flexibility in animals and towards humans.

In the past, you often heard that exercising for 30 minutes or more in your body will start burning, but with this 5-minute exercise, the secret lies in the resting time between positions. You can choose to do either 30:30 or 50:10. If the two ratios are applied alternately, the more effective the exercise will be.

30:30: Do one pose as many times as possible for 30 seconds, then rest for 30 seconds before moving on to the next position. After completing all 5 poses, you should rest for 60 seconds if you want to do them again.

50:10 Do one pose for as many turns as possible for 50 seconds, then rest for 10 seconds before moving on to the next position. After completing all 5 poses, take a 60-second break if you want to do them again.

1. Bridging posture:

Lie on your back with knees bent, feet soles facing the floor. Raise your buttocks so that your body forms a straight line from shoulder to knee.

(a). Raise right leg, bring it to chest

(b), hold for 2 seconds, lower your leg and repeat with your left leg. That’s 1 turn.

2. Arching posture in reverse:

Rest your hands on the floor, hands farther from your shoulders, and lift your hips up so that your body is almost perpendicular to the floor.

(a). From this position, bend your elbows to lower yourself until your head is almost touching the floor

(b). Stop, then raise your elbows back up to the starting position. That’s 1 turn.

Can put two feet on a ladder or bench to increase the difficulty.

3. Posture like a backrest chair:

Step right with your right foot forward and bend both knees to lower yourself into a chair-like pose.

(a). Apply pressure on your right foot and stand up, keep your feet from touching the ground, then immediately bring your right leg back and lower into a chair position.

(b). Apply pressure on your left foot and jump to get up in the starting position. That’s 1 turn. If your posture is a bit difficult, you can place your feet on the floor each time you change positions.

4. Cross-legged posture:

Stand on 2 feet, left foot slanted forward, knee slightly arched while right leg is backward and not touching the floor.

(a). Jump left, right foot on the ground and keep left foot off the floor

(b). That’s 1 turn. Jump to the left and continue switching legs as quickly as possible.

5. T-shaped pose:

Start in a push-up position: put your hands on the ground and lift your body up.

(a). Straighten your elbows and keep your center of gravity in the middle, gradually shifting your weight to your left arm and raise your right hand towards the ceiling so that your body forms a T-shape.

(b). Hold for 3 seconds, then return to the starting position and change the focus to your right hand, doing the same. That’s 1 turn. If you want to increase the difficulty of the exercise, do one more push up each time you change gravity to another hand.