Analyzes show that the Colombian mammoth that inhabited North America during the last ice age was a hybrid between a woolly mammoth and a previously unknown line of mammoths. In addition, the study also provides new insights into when and how quickly mammoths adapted to cold climates. About a million years ago, there was no woolly mammoth on Earth (also known as tundra mammoth, scientific name: Mammuthus primigenius) ; or the Colombian mammoth (scientific name: Mammuthus columbi) , because they haven’t evolved yet. The ancient steppe mammoths were their ancestors. Researchers have now managed to analyze the genomes of three ancient mammoth species, using DNA recovered from mammoth teeth that had been buried for 0.7 to 1.2 million years in the permafrost layer. in Siberia. This is the first time DNA has been sequenced and authenticated from specimens that are millions of years old, and extracting DNA from these samples has been a challenge. The scientists found that only a small amount of DNA remained in the samples, and that they were broken down into very small fragments. Love Dalén, Professor of evolutionary genetics at the Center for Ancient Genetics in Stockholm, said: “This DNA is very ancient. The specimens are thousands of times older than the Viking relics, and even more predated the existence of humans and Neanderthals”. The ages of the specimens were determined using both geological data and molecular clocks. Both types of analysis show that two of the specimens are more than 1 million years old, while the third is about 700,000 years old and represents one of the earliest known woolly mammoths. come. The unexpected origin of the Colombian mammoth Genomic analysis shows that the oldest specimen, about 1.2 million years old, belongs to a previously unknown lineage of mammoth genes. The researchers call this the Krestovka mammoth, a name based on the area where it was found. The results show that the Krestovka mammoth diverged from other Siberian mammoth species more than 2 million years ago. “This came as a complete surprise to us. All previous studies have shown that there was only one species of mammoth in Siberia at that time, called the steppe mammoth. But the Our DNA analysis now shows that there are 2 different genetic lines, which we here call Mammoth Adycha and Mammoth Krestovka . We can’t say for sure yet, but we think they may represent two different species,” said Tom van der Valk, lead author of the study. Teeth of the Krestovka mammoth. Source: CPG The researchers also suggest that it was the mammoth of the Krestovka lineage that “dominated” North America about 1.5 million years ago. In addition, analyzes show that the Colombian mammoth, which lived in North America during the last ice age, was a hybrid. Nearly half of its genome comes from the Krestovka lineage and the other half from the woolly mammoth. “This is an important discovery. It seems that the Colombian mammoth, one of the most iconic species of the Ice Age in North America, evolved through a crossbreeding that took place about 420,000 years ago.” – Dong Author Patrícia Pečnerová said. Evolution and adaptation in the woolly mammoth The second million-year-old genome, from the Adycha mammoth, appears to be the ancestor of the woolly mammoth. The researchers were therefore able to compare its genome with that of one of the earliest known woolly mammoths that lived 0.7 million years ago, as well as with the genome of a mammoth. sucking only a few thousand years old. This makes it possible for scientists to investigate how mammoths adapted to life in cold environments and the extent to which this adaptation evolved during speciation. Proving how this giant animal has “risen” strongly over the past millions of years under extreme cold weather. The analyzes show that gene variants associated with life in the Arctic, such as hair growth, thermoregulation, fat accumulation, cold tolerance and circadian rhythms , appeared in the million-year-old mammoth, long before the origin of the woolly mammoth. These results indicate that most adaptations in the mammoth lineage occurred slowly and gradually over time. “Our analysis shows that most of the adaptations to cold weather were present in the ancestors of the woolly mammoth, and we found no evidence for natural selection. faster in speciation,” said co-author David Díez-del-Molino. Like their modern relatives, mammoths were quite large. The largest known species reach a height of 4 m and a weight of up to 8 tons, with some particularly large males weighing more than 12 tons. Future research The new results open the door to a host of future studies on other species. Love Dalén and co-author Patrícia Pečnerová with a mammoth tusk on Wrangel Island (Arctic Ocean). Photo: Gleb Danilov About a million years ago was a time when many species of organisms flourished across the globe. This is also a time of great changes in climate and sea levels, and the last time the Earth’s magnetic poles change positions. Therefore, the researchers think that genetic analyzes on this time scale have great potential to explore a wide range of scientific questions. “One of the big questions right now is how far back in time we can go. We haven’t reached the limit for the longest. It is expected that we can recover DNA that is two million years old, and even more so. can even go back as far as 2.6 million. Before that, there was no permafrost where ancient DNA could be preserved.” Anders Götherström, Professor of Molecular Archeology and lead researcher at the Center for Paleontology. These findings are published in the journal Nature.

Russian President Vladimir Putin is known as a lover of nature and outdoor activities, especially in Siberia. (Photo: RIA) According to the Kremlin spokesman, “the position of Head of State simply does not allow Putin to plan such a vacation. However, you know in some flash cases, the president uses the last day. week to rest”. Peskov added that he is not currently aware of any specific plans by President Putin this summer. It is known that Putin spent the previous vacation in the Taiga forest in early spring. Accompanying him was Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu. The two also rode in a tracked off-road vehicle, with Putin at the wheel and Shoigu next to him in the passenger seat and then walking through the Taiga forest. President Putin has long been known as a leader who loves adventure and action. His ideal locations are often scenic spots with both mountains and rivers, convenient for sports and recreation activities. Before that, one of the Russian leader’s most prominent travels was a two-day trip to Siberia in August 2017. After that, the Kremlin boss went to the Taiga forest, where he fished, swam, sailed along the river in a motorized boat, hiked through the mountains, sunbathe and swim. According to a spokesman for the Russian president, Putin dived for two hours in a cold lake in Siberia to hunt a large milkfish. Since taking power in 2000, Putin has regularly appeared in action sports such as flying fighter jets, riding horses, hunting tigers and releasing a wild leopard. This is how Mr. Putin won the admiration of people in many countries around the world. Currently, Putin still has the absolute support of the Russian people. Many experts believe that Putin will continue to hold the role of President of Russia in the 2024 election. According to the new law, signed after the people voted in favor of amending the Russian constitution last summer, with 78.56% of voters supporting it. Specifically, one of the constitutional amendments passed last year removed the presidential term limit, meaning Mr. Putin is likely to lead the country until 2036. By then, he will be 84 years old. .

Australia is always hot, because many tourists see at Christmas people wear bikinis to swim in the sea. But the truth is not so. Sydney Beach on a Christmas Day. Because it’s in the southern hemisphere, winter in Australia is summer in many other countries. Photo: AAP “Many tourists still think that Romania has vampires. Perhaps they are obsessed with the famous novel about Dracula. In fact, in 700 years, we have not seen a single vampire,” a Romanian citizen shared. “Kenyans are all track and field athletes, live in tents, don’t speak English and keep wild animals as pets,” is a misconception that foreigners have about this African country, according to the Kwnet account. “Finland does not exist. God,” shared Lawwi’s account. “I am from Serbia but people keep thinking that it is part of Russia. They are mistaken for Siberia,” said one tourist. Many people have been confused between two lands: Serbia (a country in the Balkans and Siberia (a large land of Russia, approximately the size of Canada). When someone introduced them to being from Belgium, a lot of people assumed they could speak French. In fact, the main languages ​​in Belgium are Dutch, French and German. Many tourists often confuse different European countries as one. For example, they often mistake Switzerland/Sweden, Belgium/Belarus or Slovakia/Slovenia. “Many people think Greece is just beaches and islands, and summer. But we also have beautiful places to visit in winter, like the mountains. And we also have land,” explained one Greek resident. Referring to England, many people think that they are guests who like to drink afternoon tea and love football. In fact, not all British people have this passion. “When I say I’m from Brazil, everyone thinks I know how to dance samba and am passionate about football. And Rio de Janeiro is the capital. But all three are wrong.” Many visitors mistakenly think that Canadians all drink maple syrup, there are a lot of elk and “sorry” is everyone’s catchphrase. According to Bright Side/VNE

“Sometimes people also advise Putin not to take adventurous trips, but he is very adamant about these hobbies,” Peskov said when asked if people were trying to stop the president. Putin does not take dangerous trips, such as sailing with whales in Kamchatka or flying with Siberian Cranes. According to experts, the Russian President likes to go on adventure tours to show people that he is still healthy and full of life. (Photo: RIA) The above sharing of Mr. Peskov was broadcast on Russia 1 TV channel in the program “Moscow. Kremlin. Putin” by Russian journalist Pavel Zarubin. In addition, according to Peskov, President Putin really loves Siberia, so he likes to have a few days of quiet rest there. “On the other hand, he also went to the Far East many times, he loved Sochi, he loved Krasnaya Polyana, he loved Crimea. In general, Putin is passionate about different lands, but it is true that he likes to have a few quiet days alone in Siberia, this is the truth,” Peskov said. Earlier, at the end of March, President Putin had a weekend in Siberia with Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu. The two also rode in a tracked off-road vehicle, in which Putin drove and Shoigu sat next to him in the passenger seat, and then walked through the Taiga forest. The head of the Russian Defense Ministry also showed the president his wood workshop, where Shoigu carves various works from dried tree stumps. One of the Russian leader’s most prominent travels was a two-day trip to Siberia in August 2017. After that, the Kremlin boss went to the Taiga forest, where he fished, swam, traveled along the river in motorboats, hiked through the mountains, sunbathed and swam. According to a spokesman for the Russian president, Putin dived for two hours in a cold lake in Siberia to hunt a large milkfish. In 2014, on his birthday, Putin took a day off for the first time and flew to the Siberian taiga. On that day, he walked almost 9 km through the mountains. In 2019, a few days before his 67th birthday, Putin treated himself to a vacation in the taiga. According to Kremlin spokesman Dmitri Peskov, Putin will spend his birthday with his family and loved ones. However, before that, he had “rewarded” himself a trip to Siberia to enjoy “nature and Russian autumn”. According to RT, Putin’s companion is Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and a number of senior officials. Together they climbed mountains, picked mushrooms and drove off-road to visit primeval forests. The Russian president is known as a lover of nature and outdoor activities, especially in Siberia. Putin often goes to Siberia every year both to rest and to check the environmental situation in the region.

RT reported that thousands of Russians wore swimsuits in the cold to mark the end of the ski season in Siberia. On social networks, young birch people actively share photos posing when wearing a bikini in the white snow scene. Photo: @ novostinvkz42. One-piece designs are preferred for a comfortable, dynamic feel. Many young people choose to combine matching swimwear with turtleneck socks and ski shoes. Photo: @na_kalenik. Depending on her personal style, each girl chooses a different design. Swimsuits with striking colors are popular. Meanwhile, sunglasses are indispensable accessories. Photo: @_. Di.sha_, @geshgirls. This is not the first time that Russian youth wear bikinis when going skiing. The charming images in the cold weather attracted attention in 2019. Photo: @karishaguzya, @any_miumiu. In addition to sexy clothes, many young people mix bra and wide-legged pants. The harmonious color combination helps women more stylish. Photo: @vilena_belyaeva. For two-piece swimsuits, many young people choose the safe option when wearing bra. Besides, they bring coats, hoodies … to coordinate with bikini. Photo: @sashyyyyylya. Colorful accessories become “powerful assistants” to help girls express their own style. Their strong body is highly appreciated when wearing bikini and wide-legged pants. Some groups of friends choose to wear ton-sur-ton bikini. Most of the young people of birch land tend to red, pink or yellow designs when going skiing. In addition, beanie hats and high socks help complete the sporty and dynamic look. Photo: @arzamastcevanastya. For girls who love dynamism but are equally feminine, pink is the perfect choice. Bikini models are more unique when they are added with ruffled, waist-cut or high-cut details. Fashionable youth dressed in star-like clothes in 2000 Britney Spears, Destiny’s Child … reenacted in a stylish style.

Tiger, scientifically known as Panthera tigris, is the largest animal of the Cat family (Felidae). In the local language, tigers are also known as tigers, lobsters, buckthorns, and lynx … In nature, in terms of size, tigers are the third largest terrestrial carnivore in the world, behind only white bears and brown bears. . The tigers’ habitats are dense forests or large meadows where they can be easily endangered to hunt or evade predators. Tigers are very good at climbing, only inferior to domestic cats, but they are very developed in terms of swimming ability. In the wild, tigers live alone and only mate sometimes during mating season. They are the last link in the food chains. All animals can be prey to tigers, mainly mid-range animals such as deer, buffaloes, cows … to small animals such as rabbits, chickens, ducks … Large objects such as elephants can also become prey to tigers under exceptional circumstances. Currently, tigers live and distribute in Asian countries such as Russia, China, India, Vietnam, Iran, Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand … In Vietnam, the number of tigers tends to decrease. , only living in remote forest areas on the border of Vietnam-Laos, Nghe An and Lam Dong. Over the past century, the number of tigers in the world has declined rapidly due to illegal hunting. Tigers are hunted mainly for their skin, feathers, teeth, bones and some other organs. It is estimated that the number of wild tigers in Vietnam is only about 200. Species living alone Most species of tigers have yellow, black and white stripes on the chest, tail, legs and neck. The color of the yellow coat can range from dark yellow, orange to the most red. There are also many different color variations recorded, such as: Tigers are solitary. Each tiger has its own territory, which can extend up to 160km. They only meet and live together when it comes to mating season, from February to November each year. Each pairing time of male and female tigers can last 5-7 days, a day can have sex from 2-3 times and each time does not exceed 1 minute. When the female tiger is successfully conceived, they growl and chase the male tiger away. The average gestation period of tigers is 105 days, averaging 2 tigers. There are also cases of pregnancy from 1-5 tigers. The survival rate of the posterior tigers is quite low. Hence the mother tigers will take care of and nurture them until they reach adulthood, usually 3 years. What varieties of tigers have gone extinct? In the wild, there are 9 different species of tigers, of which 3 are extinct: Bali tiger – Panthera tigris balica Java Tiger – Panthera tigris sondaica Persian Tiger – Panthera tigris virgata The rest of the tiger breeds, ranked in increasing number, are: Panthera tigris amoyensis: currently there are about 59 individuals in captivity. Sumatran tiger – Panthera tigris sumatrae: currently there are about 500 individuals, living in Sumatra island, Indonesia. Siberian Tiger – Panthera tigris altaica: living mainly in eastern Russia, with a population of about 540 individuals. Panthera tigris jacksoni, living in the southern part of the Malay peninsula with a population of 600-800 individuals. The Indochinese Tiger – Panthera tigris corbetti, found in Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, and southern China. The number is about 1200-1800. Bengal Tiger – Panthera tigris tigris, found in southern Asia including India, China, Bhutan, bangladesh, Nepal. The wild population is estimated to be 2,000. What is the smallest tiger in the world? There are many varieties of tigers in the world, depending on geographical location and climatic environment, with different sizes. Male tiger on average is from 2.6 to 3.3 m long, weighing from 150 to 360 kg. The female tigers average 2.3 to 2.75 meters long and weigh from 100 to 160 kg on average. The world’s largest tiger species is Siberian tiger with a length that can reach 3.5m and a weight of 360kg. The world’s smallest tiger species is the Sumatran tiger with a length of about 2.6 meters and an average weight of 75 to 140 kg. Tigers in general have a long, slim body for easy movement and hunting. How many kilograms of the largest individual tiger in the world? As is known, the largest individuals of the tiger only reached a maximum weight of 360kg. However, with the progress of modern science and technology, scientists have created the largest species of tiger in the world: that is the Liger. Liger is a cross between a lion (Lion) and a tiger (Tiger). Because they are hybrids, they synthesize all dominant traits of the two species, the weight of Liger can be up to 400kg. Because the living environment of the parent species is quite different, the Ligers currently exist in captivity. The record for the largest tiger in the world belongs to an 18-year-old liger, living at the Bloemfontein zoological garden, South Africa with a weight of up to 798kg.

91-year-old grandmother’s special world tour 91-year-old grandmother Elena Erkhova known as Baba Lena, from Krasnoyarsk city, Siberia is a living proof of an adventure around the world that will have no age limit. The old lady at an extremely rare age ever set foot in many different countries in the world to make a trip with the simple reason that she did not want to be alone. The results were beyond expectation when she became famous and soon became the focus of social networking. Her nephew is the one who helps Baba Lena share pictures on social networks. In 2019, the grandmother passed away from cancer. Even so, her travels have inspired many people. Old lady Elena in Thailand Until now, people can still watch the entire journey on her Facebook page, taken over by her nephew. During the journey, Elena is not only an ordinary tourist, but becomes a true adventurer. Regardless of her age, she is willing to participate in activities with the locals she visits. She used to raft on Yenisey River in Mongolia, ride motorbikes in Germany and camels in Israel or party in Tonsai Bay in Thailand. Ms. Elena attends a local festival The grandmother is completely healthy when she makes a world tour at the age of 90 When she was young, Elena did not have much money to travel, not to mention the difficult circumstances and the war at that time. By the 1970s, when Elena was about 40 years old, many changes enabled her to travel to Prague, Poland or East Germany. By the time she was 83, she realized she needed to explore the world and used her savings to travel. She travels everywhere, but fortunately has the help of many locals, even someone becomes her friend. Photo of old lady Elena in Rome, Italy Elena once said in an interview: “When I travel, I make many friends. Many people wonder that my age still travel by themselves and they want to help me. They show me a lot, help me see the sea, visit restaurants. I can do it, you can do it too.