The venom helps the snakes defend themselves and hunts. Explaining the venom in the snake The research was carried out by experts at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (Japan) with the Australian National University (Australia) and published in the scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). . Research indicates a link between mammalian salivary glands and snake venom glands. Agneesh Barua, lead author of the paper and a graduate student in evolutionary genetics at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Japan, said: “In the past, we had the basic foundations. to find out about this. “Now, thanks to evolution, we can dig deeper and more accurately into the relationship between mammalian salivary glands and snake venom glands.” Previously, scientists believed that the venom gland evolved from the salivary gland because the venom is composed of proteins that are transformed from saliva. The oral venom system is assumed to evolve through evolution, but how it evolved and the molecular structure in the venom system remains unknown. Research by the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology and the Australian National University are the first scientific evidence to find an answer to this fake snow. To produce toxins, snakes have evolved in the direction of converting many different substances in the body into venom. Initially, scientists suspected the gene was behind the poison formation in snake venom and a number of different species such as spiders and coolie – the only primate to have venom. However, the study did not find out what causes the venom to develop in the mouths of the animals. The research does not focus on toxins because they grow quickly, they are complex mixtures of many compounds, the Baride scientist explains. From there, the scientists decided to switch not to check the genes that produce the toxin, but to study the genes that help change the salivary system into the venom gland in the mouth. These are genes that are involved in the venom but are not responsible for the toxin production. Contact toxins in the human body Human saliva contains toxins that produce toxins. Through testing the genome of Taiwan habu snake, the researchers found the gene that supports the change, named “metavenom network”. This gene is responsible for protecting cells from the stress caused by the production of large amounts of protein. Similar genes are found in the salivary glands of some mammals such as chimpanzees, mice, even humans or terrestrial egg-laying animals such as birds and reptiles. These two genes have quite similar modes of action. Both produce large amounts of protein in saliva. With snakes, this gene helps to create large toxic saliva, suitable for their hunting and defense purposes. While in mammals such as humans, genes also make large amounts of protein in saliva but does not contain toxins. The common thing that these genes have in common is their ability to produce toxins, but snakes combine many different toxins, while mammals produce simpler venom, which has a similarity with saliva, Baride says. In fact, under certain environmental conditions, rats can make many toxic proteins in their saliva. Or in human saliva contains Kallikrein, an enzyme that helps digest proteins and they are also components in the “metavenom network”. If mutated, Kallikrein will convert saliva into venom that causes pain and death for infected objects. If so, according to evolution, in the next ten thousand years rats may have venom in their mouths, and so can humans. Mechanism of venom production However, Barua said, Kallikreins in human saliva can hardly evolve into toxins in snake venom. The “metavenom web” is a method of defense or elimination of prey and it evolves according to the animal’s way of life. The same species of snake, but living in different terrains and environments, the toxin is also different. For example, snakes live in the desert, mainly hunt rats on flat terrain, their venom slowly seeps into their prey. But snakes that live in the rocky mountains have a stronger toxin, instantly killing the lizard-like agility. Meanwhile, humans have invented tools, weapons and social structures to increase labor productivity and to process food, so there is no need to use venom. In addition, the creation of the venom is difficult. If not used regularly, the venom is lost. For example, sea snakes used to possess venom but are now harmless because they switch from eating fish to eating fish eggs, which do not require the use of toxins. New research may not raise hope for human “superpowers” but scientists have found a way for species to control venom in the body, which may be the key of medicine. . Find out how genes that control external protein expression can recognize diseases like cancer. Because most deaths from cancer are due to cancer cells growing out of control.

According to the Sohu , the only snake species recorded in China is the coral snake (scientific name: Bungarus multicinctus). This species can kill people with venom less than 1 milligram, even the king cobra when confronted with them also have to “turn off the power”. Small body Coral snakes live in southern China, they mainly live near the water’s surface and eat fish, frogs, snakes, and rats. The average body length of an adult coral snake is from 1m to 1.8m. In appearance, the coral snake has a simple black and white color, the back has hexagonal scales, the alternating black and white rings stretching throughout the body, the black part is longer and more than the white. Unlike conventional snakes with a triangular head, the coral snake’s head is oval in shape and small. Coral snakes possess an easily recognizable appearance. Photo: Sohu Although coral snakes are venomous snakes, they are very shy and often active at night. They will run away quickly when disturbed, or hide their heads under their bodies if they feel bothered. Unless intimidated, coral snakes will not actively attack people. In addition, the two fangs of coral snakes are relatively small, the other teeth are not pointed, so they cannot bite through the human skin too deeply. Therefore, when a person is bitten, the pain will be relatively mild, even some people cannot feel it. But if the anti-poison serum is not injected in time, the person who is bitten will definitely not be cured. The venom is deadly To measure the toxicity of snake venom, LD50 (a lethal dose of 50%, a dose required to kill half of the individuals used as an experiment over a given experimental period) is used as a parameter indicator. Projection for toxicity measurement. According to the experimental data of coral snake venom, LD50 of coral snake venom to mice is 0.09-0.108 mg / kg (subcutaneous injection), 0.113 mg / kg (intravenous injection) and 0.08 mg / kg (intraperitoneal injection). LD50 of the mountain wind snake has a famous large venom at about 0.35mg / kg, but only equivalent to a quarter of the toxicity of coral snakes. Therefore, after comparing the LD50 values ​​of the known poisonous snakes, it was concluded that the coral snakes are the most poisonous snakes in China as well as in Asia, in addition they are ranked 8th on the rankings. rank of poisonous snakes in the world. This is the most poisonous snake species in China as well as in Asia, in addition, they are ranked 8th on the ranking of poisonous snakes in the world. Photo: Sohu In the early stage of being bitten by a coral snake, the small molecular weight α neurotoxin first binds to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junctions, preventing the transmission of neurotransmitters, causing Injured person shows drowsiness, body stiffness, drooling, muscle spasm and other reactions, the nerve mass at this time is reversible. Several hours later, a large amount of β-neurotoxin acts directly on the motor nerve’s pre-synaptic membrane, inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, causing skeletal muscle to lose its function of contracting and transform into constant paralysis, eventually leading to to respiratory failure. This process happened very quickly and violently. What to do if bitten by a coral snake? First, what needs to be explained here is that it is completely wrong to suck venom by mouth like in a drama, then the poison will go straight through the mouth and take the life of the smoker. Therefore, the best way is to take a picture of that snake or bring it to the hospital for identification and injection of anti-venom serum as soon as possible. Although the coral snakebite is not as deep as other species, when the toxicity develops, the patient will suffer extremely severe pain with death always imminent. Photo: Medihub If you have been bitten by a coral snake in the wild and cannot get help, you can burn the wound with fire. Theoretically, proteins and enzyme peptides (the main ingredient in coral snake venom) are inactivated in the presence of acids, alkalis, electrolytes and high temperatures. The main reason is that the coral snakes have short fangs and small amount of venom that can only bite into the shallow layers of the skin. Therefore, in an emergency, burn the wound skin into blisters. However, this method only works miraculously for the wound from coral snakes, not suitable for other poisonous snakes. In fact, poisonous snakes are not as scary as we often think. Except for the king cobra, most poisonous snakes are afraid of humans. So when you see snakes, take the initiative to stay away from them at least a stride, do not blindly raise snakes if you do not have the knowledge to avoid “drawing on the body”.

Expensive cleansers: Cleansers only come into contact with the skin for a short period of time, so they don’t have much of an impact on the skin other than removing makeup, sebum, and dirt – something every cleanser does. can do it. Instead of spending money on expensive cleansers, you should buy yourself a face wash or scrub.

Popular anti-aging products: Snake venom or stem cells sound “luxurious,” and they do indeed have a number of benefits for the skin. However, there are no scientific studies to prove the retinol and AHA content in these two products.

Expensive sunscreens: You could argue that expensive sunscreens have a more pleasant scent and don’t cause greasy or squishy skin. However, in terms of sun protection effects, more expensive sunscreens do not mean that they are better protective of the skin.

Fat-soluble creams: Sagging skin, fatty orange peels are the result of a complex biological process that up to now no product can prevent or repair. Melting cream can only make sagging skin look smoother.

Stretch marks treatment cream: If stretch marks treatment cream is really effective, no one will have stretch marks anymore! Instead of spending money on stretch marks, consider more effective methods such as laser treatments, or covering up stretch marks with makeup.

Pore ​​Tightening Products: It’s best not to believe the promises made about products that will help tighten pores. For example, manufacturers should only promise that they can make pores less obvious by filling them with products containing silicon.

Salon hair care products: Hair care products at hair salons don’t actually use any special technology to make them better than conventional products. In fact, these products also contain the same basic ingredients as popular products.

Sunscreen has a high SPF: Many people mistakenly think that SPF 100 sunscreen is two times more effective at blocking UV rays than SPF 50 sunscreens. In fact, SPF 15 helps to block 93% of UV rays, SPF 30 SPF 50 for 97%, and SPF 100 for 99%. The biggest difference is that a sunscreen with a higher SPF will last for a longer time.

Products to remove skin blemishes: Products that promise to help you remove tattoos can only actually fade them. For skin imperfections such as tattoos or excess milia, it is best to see a dermatologist for advice on the most effective method to remove.

Follow-up tests showed that the baby had a severe blood clotting disorder, a large decrease in platelets consistent with the initial judgment. Doctors quickly infused 4 bottles of anti-green snake venom serum to the baby and closely monitored clinical signs.

Be careful when young children are bitten by insects or snakes. Photo BVCC

After more than 24 hours of follow-up, C’s hand was not swollen more, no bleeding, but the disorder of blood clotting had not improved, he was given 4 more vials of anti-green snake venom. The results showed that after 6 hours of second serum transfusion, the baby’s hemostasis tests gradually returned to normal, no bleeding on the mucous membranes, and better eating and drinking.

According to the family, the baby woke up and woke up and complained of pain while sleeping. On examination, family members found that the baby had a slight abrasion and swelling in the 2 knuckles of the middle finger of the right hand and thought it was not serious, after 7 hours of home observation, the bite was swollen, spreading the whole hand up to the forearm. being taken to private medical facilities for treatment with only temporary relief of pain and swelling.

On the afternoon of April 9, 2021, when the baby was taken to the hospital, his hand was swollen swollen to the arm area, the middle finger was more painful.

How to recognize and first aid when bitten by insects or snakes:

For Insect bites (bites): Be aware of mild soreness at the site of the bite, the sting, and swelling around the bite. If severe, hives will be generalized, shortness of breath, anaphylaxis, cold hands and feet, mild pulse, difficult to catch, hematuria, low urination, kidney failure usually occurs in the first days.

First aid way:

– Most bee stings leave a sting and bag of venom in the sting on the victim’s skin, except for wasps. It is best to pry the syringe out by gently gently squeezing, using tweezers, avoid squeezing by hand as this can cause the venom to spread.

– Clean the affected area with soap and warm water

Apply a cold compress to the bite to reduce pain and swelling

– Take the victim to a medical facility if: The victim complained of fatigue, cold hands and feet; Red urine, little urine. Was stung on 10 marks by wasp.

For snakebites: Recognize that it is necessary to quickly observe the bite, the following signs indicate that the snake bite was much swollen, much pain at the bite site. The bite has two marks of venom that can be a snake with local signs such as swelling, bruising, necrosis and blistering of the skin filled with fluid; disorders of blood clotting: Hemorrhage of the skin, mucous membranes. For the cobra, there are few signs of systemic dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath, and weakness in limbs.

First aid way: When bitten by a snake, even a snake is identified should be closely monitored as a poisonous snake bite, at least for the first 6 hours. In particular, when bitten by a poisonous snake or suspected of being bitten by a poisonous snake, first aid should be taken immediately and promptly bring the victim to a medical facility.

Give first aid by lying down, place the bitten place lower than the heart to limit venom absorption. Clean the wound with soap and water. Cover the bite with a cool compress to reduce pain and swelling. Quickly take the victim to a medical facility where it can determine the type of snake bite and inject an appropriate anti-venom serum.

Illustration. Photo source: Internet

Snake venom or stem cells may sound “fancy”, and they do indeed have a number of benefits for the skin. However, there are no scientific studies to prove the retinol and AHA content in these two products.

Fat-soluble creams

Sagging skin, fatty orange peel lumpy skin is the result of a complex biological process that up to now there is no product that can be prevented or repaired. Melting cream can only make sagging skin look smoother.

Shaving cream and gel for women

Softening and moisturizing foams and gels will make the process of shaving easier and avoid the razor scratching the skin. However, what makes you unreasonably expensive is that women’s hair shaving products are almost exactly the same as men’s products, but at a much higher price.

If you don’t mind the scent of men’s shaving cream, you can use these products to save more. Alternatively, you can also use a moisturizing shower gel or conditioner to make hair smoother and softer instead of investing in a separate shaving product.

Heat-resistant hair spray

Heat-resistant hair spray will help prevent the evaporation of moisture from the hair due to the high heat from curling irons or straighteners because it contains silicone. However, silocones are commonly found in many hair products such as hair styling sprays or hair moisturizers. So, you do not need to buy specialized heat protection hairspray, just use the daily hair care products when you want to use heat styling.

Split ends hair treatment products

The only way to get hair off split ends is to cut it off. No cosmetics can save this situation, you should not spend money buying it.