South Africa throws away 2 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine due to contamination incident. Photo: Reuters According to RT (Russia) news agency (Russia), the South African Health Products Administration (SAHPRA) has decided not to deploy vaccination for 2 million doses of Johnson & Johnson vaccine being stored at a facility in the city of Gqeberha. , as the raw materials for their production were affected by a contamination incident at the factory in Baltimore (USA). The decision comes after the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said that millions of doses of vaccine produced at Johnson & Johnson’s Emergent BioSolutions facility in the US city of Baltimore were not suitable for use in the United States. use. “Based on what has been announced by the FDA, batches of vaccines being stored in our Gqeberha have been affected. The batches of these vaccines correspond to about 2 million doses,” South Africa’s Acting Health Minister Mmamoloko Kubayi-Ngubane said on June 13. These doses of the vaccine have not and will not be used to immunize South Africans, she added. SAHPRA chief executive, Dr Boitumelo Semete, also confirmed the batch of vaccines “cannot be widely distributed.” Meanwhile, South Africa’s health watchdog said in a statement that a new batch of about 300,000 doses of Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine has been approved by the FDA and will be shipped to South Africa at a later date. some point. The agency did not disclose the exact date the shipments arrived. However, Mr. Semete acknowledged that the problem with Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine had a significant negative impact on South Africa’s vaccine deployment strategy. As of June 13, South Africa, the country hardest hit by the COVID-19 epidemic in Africa, has recorded about 1.7 million cases of COVID-19 and over 57,000 deaths. However, the country with a population of about 58.5 million people has only injected 183,000 doses of the vaccine to its people, as of June 9, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). South Africa is also one of the countries that is campaigning to give up patents for a COVID-19 vaccine to allow all countries to produce generic versions at low cost. “If we want to save lives and end the pandemic, we need to expand and diversify our production, put medical products into treatment, and fight and stop the pandemic for as many people as possible,” the president said. South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa speaks at a meeting with G7 countries in the UK on June 13.

https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ More than 10 million trees are planted in South Africa’s largest city. According to some sources, Johannesburg, South Africa is home to the largest man-made forest in the world. There are at least 49 species of purple phoenix, most of them native to South America and the Caribbean basin. In October, when visitors come to South Africa, they will witness millions of romantic purple flowers blooming. Purple and blue will create a romantic and poetic path for couples. https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ Tunnel of love in Ukraine https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ The Love Tunnel in Ukraine is actually a two-mile section of railway that serves a private woodworking factory near Klevan, a small city located in western Ukraine. Legend has it that couples go through this romantic tunnel to grant a wish. If their love is strong and pure enough, wishes will come true. https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ During the warm months of the year, the trees are planted side by side forming a fairy green tunnel along the one kilometer railway stretch. Not many people seem to know much about the tunnel, or have never heard of it, making it a well-kept secret. Cherry Blossom Road, Germany https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ The Cherry Blossom Street (Heerstrabe) is located in the German city of Bonn. It was a peaceful road, on which there were a series of drooping cherry blossom trees. https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ Bonn town is especially full of fresh life during cherry blossom season, creating a beautiful canopy of pink flowers on the streets. The most brilliant time of cherry blossoms here lasts about 20 days in the summer. Autumn Tunnel, USA https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ The autumn path located in Vermont, USA is filled with the typical yellow color of the falling leaves season. The true beauty of the tunnel will come in the fall. Autumn oak trees line the road up to Notch’s Smuggler, a Vermont state park. The eye-catching foliage begins to change its color in the northern region. Yellow color is the highlight and attracts the attention of visitors. It is a romantic and great place to have a beautiful photo shoot. Rua Goncalo de Carvalho, Brazil https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) deserves the name “The greenest road on the planet” because of the giant tipuana trees, covering the sky with green shade. The tunnel of the Rosewood tree starts from Porto Alegre. It has recently become part of the historical, cultural, ecological and environmental heritage of this country. Rosewood is known to reduce the need for air conditioning by up to 30%. In Brazil, these trees have maintained the green environment of the city for a long time. Oak Tunnel in America https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ The oak trees date back to the early 18th century and form a beautiful tunnel along the route to a plantation in Louisiana. This location has been used as the setting for many films such as Django Unchained and Interview with a Vampire. Ginkgo trees, Japan https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ Ginkgo is a revered plant in Japanese culture. The six ginkgo trees that survived the Hiroshima bombing, continued to grow despite many challenges, and are still alive today. Therefore, the Japanese consider ginkgo a “bearer of hope”. It is also known as a “survivor” or a “living fossil”. The gorse tunnel, Bodnat (England) https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/ This flower tunnel is 55m long, located near the main entrance to the garden. From late May to early June is the best time to see the golden gorse blooms. https://dulich.petrotimes.vn/

More than 100,000 years ago, the ostrich eggshells and crystals collected by humans in the interior of South Africa revealed the cultural evolution of early humans and demonstrated technological innovations off the coast of South Africa at that time. Pliny the Elder of ancient Rome once said, “Ex Africa semper aliquid novi”-there is always something new in Africa. Wilkins et al[1]An example of this is the report on “Nature” about materials excavated in a rock shed in inland northern South Africa. The objects they found indicate that our current view of the birth of early human cultural innovation has to be changed. In the 1980s, researchers put forward new ideas about the origin of our species-Homo sapiens. These new ideas are based on newly developed technologies, such as optical luminescence dating (OSL), which can accurately date ancient sites as far as 50,000 years (50,000 years is the upper limit of radiocarbon dating). These views are also rooted in the study of genetic diversity. The evidence comes from mitochondria, the organelles that provide energy in cells. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the maternal line. Some mitochondrial DNA does not code for proteins, and tracking the rate of change of mutations accumulated in this DNA over time can provide a “molecular clock.”A study on existing human mitochondrial DNA concluded that we all have a certain nearest common ancestor, nicknamed “mitochondrial Eve” (mitochondrial Eve), she may be African, living 200,000 years ago[2]. By 1988, researchers were still arguing[3]Whether the question of the origin of modern Homo sapiens has been answered, some people subsequently put forward the theory called “Out of Africa 2”. The theory believes that our direct ancestors evolved in Africa alone, and some of their offspring left the African continent at some time after about 50,000 years ago, distributed across the world, and interbred with ancient humans (close relatives of humans) in Eurasia. Important sites related to modern human fossils in Africa have been re-dated, and innovative technologies have been discovered in some early sites. This shows that about 200,000 years ago or even earlier, Africans belonged to modern humans in anatomical and cultural sense. But usually they mainly rely on stone tools, the same as those made by their ancient human cousins ​​(Neanderthals and Denisovans) in Eurasia at the same time. In sub-Saharan Africa, this technology is considered the Mesolithic Age (MSA). In Eurasia and North Africa, similar types of artifacts belong to the so-called Middle Palaeolithic.Both technologies can be traced back to approximately 300,000 to 30,000 years ago[4].Current evaluations of archaeological, fossil, and genetic data confirm these views[5]It also supports Africa’s outstanding role in the later stages of human evolution. Archaeological evidence shows that signs of modern humans outside of Africa are related to the beginning of the late Paleolithic period (about 50,000 to 40,000 years ago). It is defined as a series of technological innovations: movable art, and eventually cave paintings and carvings; the original non-stone tools (such as bone or horn); the earliest known jewelry; and the occurrence of lifestyle and resource acquisition Evidence of major changes. These evidences that were once regarded as “human revolution” are a qualitative leap in cultural evolution and can only be related to modern people in the true sense. Unsurprisingly, the researchers tried to find similar evidence in sites from the Middle Stone Age and Middle Paleolithic Age in Africa. Now that modern people of anatomical significance have lived there, where is the evidence corresponding to the late Paleolithic period? But throughout Africa, archaeological evidence is fragmentary. There are some late Paleolithic elements, but they sometimes disappear, appear and disappear in one area, and only reappear in other places after thousands of years. Part of the problem is that only a small number of African regions have been studied in detail, mainly at the northern and southern ends of the continent with a temperate climate (Figure 1). Other places that have been investigated in depth are places where researchers have reason to expect to find ancient relics, such as where fossils and stone tools have been exposed due to erosion of the natural landscape. These important locations are located in the Gregory Rift Valley in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania[6]And South Africa’s dolomite limestone caves, the latter is known as the cradle of mankind[7]. But these two areas contain records of the very early stages of human evolution. Mesolithic records are most commonly found in rock sheds and caves. Figure 1 | Some African archaeological sites related to the Mesolithic Age. Certain sites mainly located in coastal areas (cross-hatched) have a long history of excavation, and they help reveal the evolution of early human populations. In contrast, the surveys of the listed inland points are only the past three decades.Research on these inland sites reveals important technological innovations in the Mesolithic Age (MSA) from 300,000 to 30,000 years ago[8-14]. Wilkins et al[1]The report found fragments and crystals of ostrich eggshells (OES) in the rock shed on Ga-Mohana Mountain, which indicates that humans had collected unusual objects at least 105,000 years ago (105 ka). All these findings show that MSA’s innovations are diverse in time and space, and illustrate the necessity of investigating and studying other parts of the African continent. LSA: Late Stone Age; after 40,000 years ago. People have been reluctant to investigate new areas, probably because it is easier to continue working where results have already been produced, and there is no need to go to other places at the risk of nothing. Figure 1 shows that the MSA site is far from the traditional research area that has been surveyed in the past 30 years.The evidence from the excavation work is surprising[8-15], From early ostrich eggshell beads and carved shell containers, to spear-shaped bones and stone tools, and possibly even bows and arrows . However, a single African site has never discovered all the technologies of the late Paleolithic period in Eurasia. In South Africa, researchers mainly learn about MSA through coastal sites, including the Cresses River and Blombos Cave.The builders of these sites used a lot of shellfish and fish[15]. This has led some people to conclude that marine food has played an important role in the evolution of human brain and behavior, and in general terms have resulted in the true modern human population. But what can we know about the inland Africa in the Mesolithic Age? Wilkins and others reported that there were some unexpected discoveries at a site on Ga-Mohana Mountain (Figure 1)-on the edge of the Kalahari Desert 665 kilometers from the coast. Some of these items are presumably used for decoration, and may represent an early ritual symbolic act . The author reports a long list of archaeological discoveries, including a limestone layer called travertine, which was dated using uranium-thorium analysis.In addition, the travertine allowed the author to reconstruct the past environment, showing the existence of multiple wet and lush “green Kalahari” periods, reminiscent of the Sahara[16]And arab[17]There was a period of lush greenery. Wilkins et al. used optical luminescence dating to date some sediments. A sedimentary layer on the Ga-Mohana Mountain is approximately 105,000 years old and contains 42 charred ostrich eggshell fragments and 22 calcite crystals. This may be a material storage warehouse with no signs of deliberate changes to the contents (burning is considered to occur naturally). The author reports that such crystals have never been found in southern African sites over 80,000 years old. Wilkins and colleagues systematically studied all the reasons these objects might be there. After excluding all possible natural explanations, just as forensic researchers exclude other possible situations in their investigations, they only have one conclusion left- People specially collected such non-practical items . Researchers speculate that they were piled up for some symbolic purpose; this is a sign that their collectors are modern humans in the sense of behavior. Are there similar discoveries in other early African sites? In western South Africa, many charred and carved fragments of ostrich eggshells were unearthed in Diepkloof Cave. They are about 60,000 years old.In the Diepkloof cave[8]And Mount Ga-Mohana, These shells may be remnants of ancient water containers, which are common in the ruins of later times.If so, their main role may also be functional rather than symbolic . Given the age of the objects discovered by Wilkins et al., it may not be surprising that the ostrich eggshell was undecorated (as in the Diepkloof cave) or not made into beads. These situations were about 50,000 years ago in Magubike, Tanzania.[9]Rock Shed and Panga ya Saidi[10,11]It just started to appear; Panga ya Saidi is a group of caves located off the coast of Kenya, with artifacts that span about 78,000 years. Wilkins and colleagues said their findings indicate that it is imperative to investigate sites in the interior of southern Africa. In East Africa, I want to say that we have the opposite problem, because archaeologists have almost never investigated coastal sites from the Stone Age. In fact, Panga ya Saidi may be the first East African coastal site ever discovered that contains a time series spanning such a long Stone Age. The Mesolithic residents there made ostrich egg shell beads and snail shell beads, used ochre as a pigment, and collected resources in a forest environment that was completely different from the grassland. (Grassland is assumed to be the norm in the Mesolithic Age). The purpose of the excavation of Panga ya Saidi is to study the trade links of the entire Indian Ocean, and a large number of Stone Age deposits were discovered by accident. Even the Mesolithic inland sites in East Africa-once thought to be well understood-have unexpected gains.For example, at the Olorgesailie site in Kenya[12], People transport stone materials long distances, and use ocher to make pigments.In Katanda, Democratic Republic of Congo, there is a large catfish living in a river, and people nearby made bone forks and other fishing gear[13]To make use of these rich river resources. In the late Stone Age (LSA; after 40,000 years ago), the ability to pierce a fish with a spear was common, but its appearance in the Mesolithic was unexpected. Mumba Cave in Tanzania[14]It is one of the first excavation sites in East Africa focusing on the Mesolithic Age. The excavation was led by Norwegian archaeologist Margit Kohl-Larsen in the 1930s. At the same time, her husband Ludwig was collecting ancient human fossils in Littleley near Lake Eyasi a few kilometers away; later British archaeologist Mary Leakey and colleagues discovered the footprints of ancient humans in Littleley, 3.75 million years ago.They are produced by bipedal individuals and are the oldest ever discovered[18]. Mumba contains Mesolithic sediments, with late Stone Age sediments above it.There is no sign of any technological mutation; innovative technologies existed in the Mesolithic Age, and these technologies hardly changed in the late Stone Age[14]. Wilkins et al. emphasized, It is necessary to conduct a continent-wide examination of the evidence of innovation in the Mesolithic Age and beyond . Only in this way can we understand the cultural evolution of our recent common ancestors.Homo sapiens[5]The fossil record of Africa shows that there does not seem to be any single technological and social development model over time. Investigation and excavation of little-known areas will help clarify what made our direct ancestors become truly modern humans in the biological and cultural sense. Cover source: Pixabay references [1] Wilkins, J. et al. Nature 592, 248C252 (2021). [2]. Cann, RL, Stoneking, M. & Wilson, AC Nature 325, 31C36 (1987). [3]. Stringer, CB & Andrews, P. Science 239, 1263C1268 (1988). [4]. Willoughby, PR The Evolution of Modern Humans in Africa: A Comprehensive Guide (Altamira, 2007). [5]. Bergstr m, A., Stringer, CB, Hajdinjak, M., Scerri, EML & Skoglund, P. Nature 590, 229C237 (2021). [6]. Gregory, JW The Great Rift Valley (Murray, 1896). [7]. Bonner, P., Esterhuysen, A. & Jenkins, T. (eds) A Search for Origins: Science, History and South Africa’s Cradle of Humankind (Witwatersrand Univ. Press, 2007). [8]. Texier, P.-J. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 6180C6185 (2010). [9]. Miller, JM & Willoughby, PRJ Hum. Evol. 74, 118C122 (2014). [10]. d’Errico, F. et al. J. Hum. Evol. 141, 102737 (2020). [11]. Shipton, C. et al. Nature Commun. 9, 1832 (2018). [12]. Brooks, AS et al. Science 360, 90C94 (2018). [13]. Yellen, JE, Brooks, AS, Cornelissen, E., Mehlman, MJ & Stewart, K. Science 268, 553C556 (1995). [14]. Bushozi, P., Skinner, A. & de Luque, L. Afr. Archaeol. Rev. 37, 293C310 (2020). [15]. Langejans, GHJ, Van Niekerk, K., Dusseldorp, GL & Thackeray, JF Quat. Int. 270, 80C94 (2012). [16]. Larrasoa a, JC, Roberts, AP & Rohling, EJ PLoS ONE 8, e76514 (2013). [17]. Petraglia, MD, Parton, S., Groucutt, HS & Alsharekh A. Quat. Int. 382, ​​1C7 (2015). [18]. Leakey, MD et al. Nature 262, 460C466 (1976). The original article was published under the heading Early humans far from the South African coast collected unusual objects in the News and Views section of Nature on March 31, 2021.

“The new naming does not replace the scientific names of the variants, but can aid in public discussion,” said Maria Van Kerkhove, WHO technical team leader on Covid-19. Other SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest will be labeled with the words “Epsiloon”, “Zeta”, “Eta”, “Theta” and “Iota”. (Artwork: BBC) Under the new system, the British variant (B.1.1.7) is called “Alpha”, the South African variant (B.1.351) is “Beta”, the Brazilian variant (P1) is “Gamma”. The Indian variant B.1.617 is divided into sub-lineages, where the B.1.617.2 variant is called “Delta” and the B.1.617.1 variant is called “Kappa”. Names such as variant B.1.1.7.2 will continue to be used in scientific circles, because of the mutational information their names convey. “Despite their advantages, scientific names can be difficult to say and remember, and easily misinterpreted. As a result, people often refer to variants by the places where they were first discovered, causing stigma and discrimination,” according to the WHO statement. “To avoid this and simplify mass communication, WHO encourages authorities, national media and everyone else to use these new names,” the WHO said. The Greek alphabet has 24 letters and WHO has not yet planned what to do next if all 24 letters are used. According to AFP, “Epsilon”, “Zeta”, “Eta”, “Theta” and “Iota” are names for variants of interest.

WHO technical team leader on Covid-19 Maria Van Kerkhove. Photo: AFP According to the new announcement, WHO will use Greek letters to refer to variants that were first detected in countries such as the UK, South Africa and India. For example, the variant in the UK is called Alpha, in South Africa it is Beta, and in India it is Delta. The full list of names has been published on the WHO website. The Government of India earlier this month criticized the naming of variant B.1.617.2 – first detected in the country last October – as “Indian variant”, despite WHO never officially called it that. “No country should be discriminated against in detecting and reporting variants,” said WHO’s Covid-19 technical team leader Maria Van Kerkhove, “we don’t want to replace scientific names.” available, but only to assist in the transmission of certain information to the general public” If more than 24 variants are officially identified, meaning the system will run out of Greek letters, WHO will announce the new designation. Ms. Van Kerkhove on May 31 also called for close monitoring of variants and sharing of scientific data to help prevent the spread. Over the weekend, Vietnamese health officials warned of a new virus variant, which is believed to be a dangerous combination of two Alpha and Delta variants. While a scientific adviser to the British Government on May 31 said that the country is in the early stages of a third wave of Covid-19 infections, partly due to the Delta variant.

WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. Photo: Reuters As suggested by WHO, the COVID-19 mutation is called “British strain” or B.1.1.7 should be called “Alpha”, while the common mutant strain in South Africa is renamed “Beta” . The two Brazilian strains, called P.1 and P.2, became Gamma and Zeta, respectively, while the two subtypes of the “Indian variant”, B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2, were called “Kappa” and “Delta”. Two other strains, first reported by the US in March of this year, were assigned the most difficult names to remember, “Epsilon” and “Iota”. Maria Van Kerkhove, head of WHO’s COVID-19 expert team, stressed that the new names will not replace the scientific name of the strain, because the scientific name is a complex combination of letters and numbers. Instead, the new name will make it easier for people to name variables in public discussions. At the same time, this will help remove the stigma against the country that first discovered the mutation. “No country should be discriminated against for detecting and reporting mutations,” and Van Kerkhove said. WHO List of VOCs of concern. List of Variants of Interest (VOI). In which, the first column is the new name proposed by WHO. The WHO’s new move comes in the context of India’s growing anger when the media calls the B.1.617 virus strain an “Indian variant”. India’s Health Ministry argued last month that the name freely used in the media was “misleading” because it was not a name designated by the WHO. Earlier, in February, Professor Salim Abdool Karim, then co-chair of South Africa’s Ministerial Advisory Committee on COVID-19, told CNN in an interview to stop calling the virus spreading. in his country is the “South African variant.” Instead, call it by its scientific name: 501Y.V2. The politically correct idea of ​​WHO is supported by many countries. But it also confuses many people. Some observers argue that Greek letters are actually not that easy to remember. While others point out that the WHO is in danger of “running out of names” at some point, since the Greek alphabet has only 24 letters.

Skybed Scar – the mighty lion king that once ruled the Kruger grasslands. In April 2018, in Kruger National Park, South Africa, two photographers Larry Pannell and Greg Parker took a rare set of photos of male lions taking their last breath naturally out in the wild. wild. In the last moments of his life, Skybed Scar – the mighty lion king that once dominated the Kruger grasslands and the photographers stood just over a meter apart. This male lion is a famous lion king in Kruger Park and once dominated a lion herd for several years. In his heyday. Skybed Scar has a mighty and majestic appearance, with muscular muscles and a loud roar that can make the surrounding herbivores tremble, even other male lions who want to usurp its throne. must also carefully consider the enormous power hidden in this roar. However, by the time the two photographers took these photos, Scar was old and had to leave her lions, or be chased from the lions, so she could only hunt alone. Lions are the only sociable of the big cats. They hunt together and take care of their young in packs. This helps them hunt more efficiently and can even kill large animals like the buffalo. A group of lions will usually include a male lion and a few female lions, sometimes even a herd of lion cubs running behind. A group of lions can have more than 50 individuals and in such large groups there can also be a few more adult male lions. Throughout her life, a female lion in a group of lions will be primarily responsible for hunting, while male lions are primarily responsible for patrolling the territory, intimidating other lions or other lions. invaders, keep the lions safe, and occasionally assist the lioness in her hunt. When the male lion cubs are close to reaching adulthood (under 3 years old) they will be kicked out of the herd to live in the wild, sometimes they will bond with several male lions like themselves to hunt together. bait. When these male lions are 6 years old (fully mature), they will use their strength to challenge other male lions to gain dominion over the lions. The defeated male lions will usually die from severe wounds, but if they are not dead then these old kings will be driven out of the pack and left to live alone, even if they are not. could become the target of the hyenas, and being able to die naturally would become a luxury. The photographer saw Skybed Scar at a watering hole, where a herd of small elephants usually drink water. When they got there, they noticed that a lion was drinking water on the bank, it seems that it is having problems with its left leg because its sitting angle is not very normal right now. And then they saw the lion stand up with a swaying posture like a drunk man, but in the end they discovered that it was an old lion and had not been eaten for a long time, its body only covered with skin. bone. Parker was a local photographer and recognized the old lion as Skybed Scar. It left the puddle and staggered toward a small high ground. Every few steps it will stop, bow its head to rest, accumulate the remaining strength in its body to be able to take a few more steps. After going up to the high ground, Skybed Scar looked back at the puddle one last time and then slowly walked down the slope, but only halfway through it, it fell. But right after that, a herd of elephants came to the puddle to play and satisfy their thirst, one elephant left the herd and walked towards the high ground, seeming to want to stand at a higher position to see the surrounding. Is there any danger around? At first, it did not detect the lion Scar 30 meters away, and Scar purposely avoided the view to avoid the elephant from detecting her. But unfortunately, the elephant still found it, stepped back and rushed towards Scar with a roar, when the other elephants heard the noise, they began to rush towards the old lion. Scar wanted to snarl at the elephants like when she was a child to scare away these scary giants, but now, she only had one choice, and that was to turn around and run with all her strength. The sound of galloping footsteps gradually disappeared, the dust also subsided, the two photographers drove to find the old lion, finally found Scar lying on the grass under the tree, dying unable to move. This last run had obviously exhausted him. Scar looked at the photographer with sad eyes, no one dared to approach the former king, but now, the photographer was more than a meter away, staring at its death. The old lion was breathing heavily, his chest heaving weakly, and his eyes slowly fading. Finally, after taking his last breath, Skar closed his eyes and safely left this world forever, and a generation of lion kings fell. You may often hear the traditional virtues of respecting the elderly and caring for young children on a bus, but in essence, such a statement clearly confuses many animals. Once the old male lion is driven out of the lions, only death awaits him; The new lion king will also kill the old lion king’s cubs, so that the lioness can mate with her In fact, most animals in the wild can hardly live to old age, not because they don’t want to die of old age, but their fellows don’t want to. Think twice, have you ever seen wild animals die of old age? Most people probably don’t see that in their lifetime.

How did you start raising awareness about the endangered rhinoceros species? I have been involved in many activities to raise awareness about the urgency of the rhinoceros species. I was still playing cricket for England at the time and my tools and things had a lot of rhinos on them. After that, many people expressed interest in buying the items again because they looked cool, and that’s how I competed to raise awareness. Later, I used my son’s drawings of rhinoceros on the competition equipment as well as the main logo of SORAI. The drawing appeared on hats and t-shirts and received a very good response, so I thought about the next step of developing and building the organization. Kevin Pietersen and Ms. Petronel Nieuwoudt – founders of Care For Wild, the largest rhinoceros orphanage and sanctuary in the world Can you share more about the operating mechanism of the organization? We donate 20% of our profits to conservation and do our best to save endangered animals. That is the purpose of our activities and when buying our products, people also contribute to a great cause. We don’t want people to see us as a charity asking people to donate money. We have a donation page where people can contribute directly to causes you believe in. Or you can also become an ambassador, support activities related to our products, and also be the subject of discussion. It’s a way to create exchanges, thereby raising awareness across the board, with us in our efforts to stop the illegal wildlife trade. What do you think about rhinos that the public needs to be more aware of? Rhinos are in danger of extinction. In South Africa, in the last 10 years, we have lost two-thirds of the remaining rhinos here. The problem stems from black markets such as China or Vietnam, which have engaged in illegal wildlife trade activities. Africa would not be Africa without rhinos. They are one of five important wildlife species in this place. We stand firmly against the illegal wildlife trade and also rhino horn. Many texts have asserted that rhino horn has no medicinal value, and that greed and misinformation in society have used them to flaunt their status. These things need to be removed immediately! And how did the collaboration between SORAI and Hublot begin? In 2019, while the Cricket World Cup was in progress in England, Hublot and I started working together. Then we did bigger things together, and we really brought about change. The first Big Bang Unico SORAI watch was born at that time and immediately “sold out” very quickly. The feedback after that was also very positive and everything was perfect. And I believe this next watch will achieve the same success. The new Big Bang Unico SORAI watch will be released in 2021 Can you share with everyone about the similar values ​​of SORAI and Hublot? I think time is the greatest value we share with each other. Quite simply, Hublot offers very innovative timepieces. And together we are in a race against time to save the rhinoceros from extinction. This is a perfect collaboration! SORAI and Hublot’s first collaboration was the very successful Big Bang Unico SORAI watch. Can you share more about the achievements after that initial success? If it weren’t for that success, I probably wouldn’t be sitting here talking to you right now. The opportunity to approach and talk about the organization’s activities with the public in Vietnam is a wonderful thing. For me it is a very meaningful success, besides financial success. Big Bang Unico SORAI watches come with 2 sets of bands with matching colors màu What’s different about the second Big Bang Unico SORAI watch released in 2021 compared to the first one? The new Big Bang Unico SORAI is equipped with a UNICO manufacture movement and is inspired by the natural colors of the woods in summer: a harmonious blend of two greens, from the green ceramic case. tree to the camo green hue of the familiar rubber or Velcro strap. This special edition, with the SORAI logo engraved on the sapphire crystal back, is limited to just 100 pieces worldwide. Due to the impact of the pandemic, we worked together through video meetings, coming together to agree on every detail on the new watch. SORAI’s black rhino logo on the dial After working with Hublot for a while, what percentage of your initial expectations about this relationship have been met? What I expect is all that we have achieved so far. We have an organization that works for the sake of bringing about change, raising large sums of money from the profits of the first 100 watches sold for the activities of the organization. More importantly, thanks to this cooperation, I have been able to reach other countries and territories. This is like a marking exercise, every opportunity we have to raise awareness of the community, to be communicated to the public, can open certain doors. Thank you for taking the time to chat and share! Perform: Tuan Anh

Miss Universe 2020 Andrea Meza: Andrea Meza belongs to the group of contestants with outstanding height at Miss Universe 2020 (from 1.80 m or more). She always keeps her hot figure, sexy curves thanks to hard work and healthy eating. Besides adopting a vegetarian diet, Meza also works hard to keep fit. Mexican beauty practices many different sports such as weightlifting, boxing, running, swimming, climbing… Miss Universe 2019 Zozibini Tunzi: This is the first black girl from South Africa to be crowned Miss Universe. Miss Universe 2019 has a perfect, healthy body with an impressive three-round measurement and an admirable height of 1m78. On her personal Instagram page, Zozibini shares that the secret to keeping her figure is thanks to Pilates. “I really enjoy starting my day with Pilates, the stretching and breathing exercises have helped me better understand my body and muscle groups. I encourage everyone to try this sport at least once,” Zozibini shared. Miss Universe 2018 Catriona Gray: According to an interview with ABS-CBN News, Miss Universe 2018 combines a scientific diet and appropriate exercise methods to keep fit. Philippine beauty Catriona Gray said: “I like to eat vegetables and always stay away from fast food and carbonated drinks because they are not good for health and physique.” Gray went to see a dermatologist. Once a month to take care of her skin, she spends time looking for the right skincare routine because of her acne-prone skin. Miss Universe 2017 Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters: Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters considers exercise and eating right as a life habit. Not only the weight loss course, she also shares the training method with her husband – American athlete Tim Tebow. “Both me and my husband are very active in sports. We have some exercise equipment at home. I like to do cardio by sprinting. It helps my body toned,” answered the South African beauty. Interview on Glamor. Miss Universe 2016 Iris Mittenaere: Iris Mittenaere tries to exercise whenever possible during busy working time. When not training with a personal trainer, Mittenaere will jog, work out abs and do many squats. Miss France likes to do plank and sit-ups to maintain a toned second round. Training is rigorous and persistent, but in terms of diet, Iris is very comfortable. There are even foods high in fat and starch, such as pizza, rice rolls, cakes, etc., which Iris listed at the top of her list of favorite foods. “I like food. The most important thing is that I usually cook. I don’t use a lot of salt. I don’t diet. However, I try to eat a lot in breakfast and lunch, eat less at dinner,” she said. . Photo: IT. Invite readers to watch the video “Beauty of sisters in the time of Covid-19”. Source: VTV TSTC.

Miss Universe 2020 – Andrea Meza : Andrea Meza belongs to the group of contestants with outstanding height at Miss Universe 2020 (from 1.80 m or more). She has a strong body, sexy curves. Besides adopting a vegetarian diet, Meza also works hard to keep fit. Mexican beauty practices many different sports such as weightlifting, boxing, running, swimming, climbing… Photo: Miss Universe, Andrea Meza. Miss Universe 2019 – Zozibini Tunzi : Zozibini Tunzi is the first black girl from South Africa to be crowned Miss Universe . Healthy eating plays an important role in maintaining Tunzi’s slim figure. In addition, she regularly practices pilates. Tunzi shared on his personal page: “Stretch, breathe slowly, and feel the muscles in your body. This is really my favorite way to start the day. I encourage you to try pilates at least. once”. Image: Zozibini Tunzi. Miss Universe 2018 – Catriona Gray: Catriona Gray says preparing your own meals is at the heart of a healthy diet. Besides, she does not follow a strict diet. Filipino beauty shared on Women Fitness : “Usually, I choose fresh food. I don’t really like sweets or soda.” Gray visits a dermatologist once a month for skin care. She spends time looking for the right skincare routine because she has acne-prone skin. Image: Catriona Gray. Miss Universe 2017 – Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters: Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters considers exercise and eating right as life habits. Not only the weight loss course, she also shares the training method with her husband – American athlete Tim Tebow. “Both me and my husband are very active in sports. We have some exercise equipment at home. I like to do cardio by sprinting. It helps my body toned,” answered the South African beauty. interview on Glamor . Image: Demi-Leigh Tebow. Miss Universe 2016 – Iris Mittenaere: Iris Mittenaere tries to exercise whenever possible during a busy working time. When not training with a personal trainer, Mittenaere will jog, work out abs and do many squats. Miss France likes to do plank and sit-ups to maintain a toned second round. Iris Mittenaere doesn’t have a specific eating plan. “I like food. The most important thing is that I usually cook. I don’t use a lot of salt. I don’t diet. However, I try to eat a lot in breakfast and lunch, eat less at dinner,” she said. . Image: . Miss Universe 2015 – Pia Wurtzbach: Pia Wurtzbach eats a balanced diet, exercises regularly to keep fit. She prefers plant-based foods such as cabbage, carrots, salad… to provide fiber and vitamins that are good for health and physique. In addition to gym, Wurtzbach also spends time running outdoors, swimming. “I try to practice every day (if time allows) and love to sweat,” the beauty queen emphasized. Image: Pia Wurtzbach. Miss Universe 2014 – Paulina Vega: Paulina Vega shared on her personal page that she wants to become a Victoria’s Secret angel. “In my experience as a model in New York (USA), I think I will be asked to lose a lot of weight. Now, maybe they (Victoria’s Secret) recruit more plump models but the casting process is very difficult. difficult,” Vega shared. Miss Colombia tries to eat healthy while staying at home. She skipped the pasta dish. Vega also loves the physical form of dance. Image: Paulina Vega.

The Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias first crossed here in 1488. He named it “Storm Cape”. Later, the king of Portugal changed its name to “Nose of Good Hope”. The entire southern part of the Cape peninsula is a national park that is wild, rolling hills, beautiful scenery and has not been ravaged by human hands. The Cape of Good Hope has been considered a place that hasn’t changed much in the last 500 years, since the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeo Dias discovered it. The route around Cape Hope is important, but the waters next to it are still a known danger in the world. South of Cape Hope is an area with strong westerly winds, on the immense sea surface there is nothing to cover, so the waves are big Before the Suez Canal was built in 1869, the Cape of Good Hope was the only sea route between Europe and Asia. A lighthouse is built on top of a mountain 249 meters above sea level. However, it is often covered by clouds, so it has been decommissioned since 1911, after a shipwreck accident. This place is only open to tourists to enjoy the view. Another lighthouse was built as a replacement, just over 80 meters above sea level. Coming here, visitors’ emotions surged: the greatness, generosity, romance of nature; the gentleness, the blue, the charm of the sea; boundless love, hope, human creative labor. Cape of Good Hope is the most beautiful destination, not to be missed when coming to South Africa.

Modern boats take tourists about 7km from the mainland in the Aliwal Shoal (PV Dinh Luong at the far right). South Africa in particular and Africa in general attracts tourists with its pristine beauty, mystical indigenous culture and with 5 large species of “Big Five” including African elephants, Cape buffalo, leopard, lion and Rhino. But there is a different South Africa from the trips adventure travel Swim with sharks at Aliwal Shoal Marine Life Reserve, Umkomaas Town, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, about 50km south of the provincial capital Durban. Here’s your chance to meet these amazing creatures face-to-face throughout your life, a new adventure experience that challenges logical thinking and does what you never thought you’d ever do – in the water surrounded by sharks. Wondering if you can’t swim, can’t swim well, or are afraid of risking your life? All you need is an adventurous, adventurous and challenging spirit as the tour organizers will offer you a variety of options – from near absolute safety to the ultimate test of willpower. . You can simply drop yourself inside a stainless steel cage approved by the Maritime Safety Authority of South Africa (SamA) with a safety mask, choosing from different degrees of shallow depth when standing in the cage according to your preference. . But prepare for adrenaline rush with a more adventurous and memorable option. Many different options when diving with sharks. (Photo: Dinh Luong / Vietnam +) We came to Aliwal Dive Center because it is a diving center with sharks with more than 28 years of experience. Answering my concerns and worries when considering bringing both my wife and two children to the shark experience diving tour – guide and diving expert with the shark Danie Bester said he has more than 4 years in job and no mistakes have occurred. Aliwal Dive Center is part of an effort to conserve marine life, including sharks in the Indian Ocean, around the coastal city of Durban. Leaving previous jobs in Pretoria and Johannesburg, Danie chose to guide diving with sharks, because he could do what he loved and wanted to contribute to changing the animal’s perception. After helping with the selection of swimsuits, propellers and waterproof masks, Danie carefully told us to keep our arms closed under our armpits, use the propeller to swim softly, avoiding the shark’s mistaken hands other small fish species for food and attack. Strictly complying with the requirements for medical reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic season, my family of 4 and my friend Lina, 17, a South African citizen of Indian origin join a shark diving tour. . Lina’s parents pleased their daughter but still worriedly sent off to the beach and waited. Surf safely on custom 8m Superduck Semi Rigid boats equipped with a Yamaha Four Stroke 2×100 HP engine, to the area south of Aliwal Shoal, where skilled guides say there’s plenty of fish fat. The modern motor boat takes the group about 7km from the shore, the water depth is 20-30m. Sharks head to the ocean from many directions. (Photo: Dinh Luong / Vietnam +) We are fortunate to have a beautiful International Labor Day, the sea is relatively calm, the water is clear, the sunlight helps the view to the sea floor. In the breeding season from July to November each year, sharks often gather in high density in this sea. Captain Keith Rousouw with 25 years of experience instructing diving with sharks directly steered the boat. He said a support group of four divers on another boat helped us attract sharks, using food from small marine fish that was prepared and strictly followed the Ministry of Environment’s Shark Diving license. South Africa. The stainless steel cage floats on the water thanks to two buoys. The cage designed and perfected by an engineer can accommodate 8 people at a time, providing a relatively comfortable space for 4 visitors on this discovery tour. You might be wondering with the number 4? I chose to swim with Danie right from the beginning after consulting with these two skilled experts. Danie let me hang on a floating wooden stake thanks to two large floats, attached to the iron cage, for a wider view and better experience. You can feel my worries more clearly when you have seen the shark videos. The Oceanic Blacktip is 1.5-2m long, stout body with pointed snout, long gill slits and no burrs between dorsal fins. This species reached a maximum known length of 2.8m and a maximum weight of 123kg. Most individuals have a black head or edge on pectoral, dorsal, ventral, and caudal fins. Danie was in the water directly with us and Keith watched carefully from the boat. Expert Danie in turn helps team members cling to the wooden stake and swim with each person closer to the sharks. The experience of diving and being up close with the sharks affirms Danie’s love and understanding for this fish – calm and flexible. Between the time diving and underwater observations, I rose to the surface to breathe but many times saw the tall and crescent-shaped front dorsal fins of the ocean blackhead sharks moving around in the afternoon. It is about 1.5m long and weighs about 50-70kg, according to Danie. The blackhead shark is an agile and energetic carnivore. Oceanic Blacktip can jump out of the water while attacking small schools of fish. Their demeanor has been described as “timid” compared to other great globular sharks (family Carcharhinus), which are common in coastal tropical and subtropical seas around the world, including lips. brackish water habitat. We assessed that we had met about 25-30 marine blackhead sharks during the trip, but Danie said there were about 17 (perhaps due to anxiety, so amateurs “look nationalized chickens”). Many times while swimming next to Danie gets closer to the sharks, it feels as if they are rushing towards you, but with a graceful turn. Although I have had very close experiences with these ferocious animals, to a certain extent, I have to admit that they seem to be very friendly. And to be very restrained, we do not reach out to touch the flexible swim bodies very close – which expert Danie always warns to absolutely comply. Not only having a diving experience with sharks, the trip brings an understanding of other creatures living in shallow waters below 40m and small, symbiotic fish always “side by side” with the sharks. Another plus point is that you will experience surfing on a modern boat controlled by skilled captains. Goodbye, Ms. Basie Aukermann, Director of Aliwal Dive Center, said that the Center has actively and silently contributed to the conservation of marine life at Aliwal Shoal Protected Area and is delighted to have tourists from Vietnam. The distant south has come and experienced. Nature has its own ways of functioning, and South Africa is not just famous for the Big Five on land. The land of great experiences to challenge the will and adventure, to explore. Expert Danie Bester (left) supports journalist Dinh Luong on adventure travel. (Photo: Dinh Luong / Vietnam +)

Skybed Scar – mighty lion king once dominated the Kruger grassland. In April 2018, in Kruger National Park, South Africa, photographers Larry Pannell and Greg Parker took a rare set of photos of male lions that spontaneously breath their last breath outside of the wild. wild. In the last moments of his life, Skybed Scar – the mighty lion king that once dominated the Kruger grassland and photographers stood at a distance of more than one meter apart. This male lion is a famous lion king in Kruger Park and once dominated a swarm of lions for several years. In his heyday. Skybed Scar has a mighty and majestic appearance, with muscular muscles and a loud roar that can make the surrounding herbivores tremble, even other male lions want to usurp its throne. also must carefully consider the enormous power hidden in this roar. However, at the time the two photographers took these pictures, Scar was older and had to leave her lions, or be kicked out of the lions, so she could only hunt alone. Lions are the only species of herd social behavior among large cats. They hunt together and take care of the offspring in herds. This makes them more effective at hunting and may even kill large animals such as the African buffalo. A group of lions will normally consist of a male lion and a few female lions, sometimes even a group of lions running in the background. A group of lions can have up to 50 individuals and in such large groups there may also be a few more mature male lions. Throughout her life, female lions in a group of lions will be mainly responsible for hunting, while male lions are mainly responsible for territorial patrol, threatening other lions or other lions. invaders, protect the safety of lions, and sometimes help female lions with hunting. When the male lions are close to reaching adulthood (under 3 years old) they will be kicked out of the herd to roam, sometimes they will bond with a few male lions like them to hunt together. bait. Until these male lions are 6 years old (fully mature), they will bring their power to battle with other male lions to gain dominance over lions. The defeated dominant male lions will often be killed by severe wounds, but if they are not dead, the rulers of this era will be kicked out of the pack and have to roam alone, even if they do. being a target for hyenas and being able to die naturally would become a luxury. The photographer saw the Skybed Scar at a watering hole, where usually a herd of small elephants drink. When they got there, they noticed that a lion was drinking water on the shore, seemingly having a problem with its left leg because its seat angle is not very normal right now. And then they saw the lion standing up in a swaying posture like a drunk, but finally they discovered that it was an old lion and had not eaten for a long time, its body covered with skin bone. Parker is a local photographer and recognized the old lion as Skybed Scar. It left the puddle and stumbled toward a small, tall field. Every few steps it will stop, bow to rest, accumulate the remaining strength in the body to be able to take a few more steps. After walking up the high ground, Skybed Scar looked back at the puddle one last time and then slowly stepped down the slope, but only halfway through the road it fell. But just then, a herd of elephants came to the puddle to play and to satisfy its thirst, an elephant left the herd of elephants toward the high ground, seemingly wanting to stand at a higher position to see the pulse Are there any dangers around? At first, it did not detect Lion Scar at 30 meters away, and Scar deliberately avoided view to avoid the elephant from discovering her. But unfortunately, the elephant still found it, stepped back and rushed towards Scar with a roar, when the other elephants heard the sound, they started to rush towards the old lion. Scar wanted to growl at the elephants as a child to drive away these terrifying giants, but right now, she had only one option, to turn around and run with all her might. The sound of loud footsteps gradually disappeared, the dust also subsided, two photographers drove to find the old lion, finally found Scar lying on the grass under the shade of trees, dying unable to move. This last run had obviously exhausted him. Scar looked at the photographer with sad eyes, no one dared to approach the former king, but now, the photographer more than a meter away, stared at its death. The old lion breathed hard, his chest was undulating weakly, and his eyes were fading. Finally, after taking his last breath, Skar safely left this world with his eyes closed forever, and a generation of lion kings fell. You can often hear the traditional virtues of respect for the elderly and care for young children on buses, but in essence, such a statement clearly confuses many animals. Once the weak old male lion will be kicked out of the lions, only death waits for it; The new lion king will also kill the old lion king’s cubs, so that the female lion can mate with it In fact, most of the animals in the wild are unlikely to survive to old age, it is not that they do not want to die, but that their congeners do not. Think again, have you ever seen wildlife dying of old age? Most people may not see that in their life.

The beautiful South African beauty was impressed on the cover of the magazine when she completely undressed and dropped her beauty like a statue. The aura was anesthetized with eyes that seemed to mesmerize the viewer. Although she is a mother of two children, her long legs born in 1988 still make the public surprised with her extremely toned body, not a bit of fat, and the “ten thousand people love” stature is still like the idle time. These are really nude art shoots that the model “entertains” the fans. Not only possessing beautiful curves, Candice Swanepoel also has a beautiful face like an angel, a classy performance style, a high fashion spirit that attracts fashion followers. Close-up too beautiful, sharp of “South African beauty icon” Besides modeling, she also goes into business and has her own swimsuit brand called TropicofC. Candice Swanepoel is both the founder and creative director of TropicofC and regularly models its products. Photo: She showed off one of her new designs that came out this year. Candice Swanepoel’s swimwear products are mostly made from eco-friendly materials. The beauty shares her desire to convey messages and raise awareness of environmental protection and nature through her products. Candice Swanepoel currently has 15.1 million followers on Instagram.

The royal chocolate box is intact after 121 years From sweet eggs to luxurious chocolates, Easter is a time when many people will give gifts to loved ones. Perhaps everyone will check the expiration date carefully on the packaging and surely the product is made in this century. Can you believe it, though, that the boxes of chocolates over a hundred years old are still intact after being discovered. Recently, people found a box of chocolate about 121 years old in a helmet box in a house in the Norfolk area, eastern England in an intact condition. Chocolate box sent by Queen Victoria of England to the army of this country in South Africa. The giant British confectionery companies Cadbury, Fry and Rowntree produced boxes of chocolates in 1900 as emotional supportive gifts for soldiers fighting the battlefields in South Africa. Anna Forrest, curator of cultural heritage at the National Trust said: “Although the product doesn’t look good and has been out of date for a long time, you won’t want to eat it anymore, but the chocolate box is still there. intact, is an astonishing discovery. The newly discovered chocolate box once belonged to 8th Baron Henry Edward Paston-Bedingfeld, who fought in the war in South Africa. The chocolate box was discovered during the assembly process of his daughter, Frances Greathead, who passed away in 2020 at the age of 100. Inside the royal chocolate box after 121 years This is a gift from Queen Victoria to the British army soldiers fighting in South Africa in 1900. Each box weighing more than 200 grams has the words ‘South Africa 1900’ and ‘Happy New Year’ engraved in the writing. The Queen’s hand. It is known that more than 100,000 boxes of chocolate have been produced, each containing pure chocolate. Anna Forrest said: “We assume that the 8th baron kept a box of chocolates and a helmet as memories of a time of the war.” Before that, the Australian national librarians were shocked to find a 121-year-old chocolate box hidden inside the personal collection of the famous Australian poet Andrew Barton “Banjo” Paterson. The chocolates are still in the straw packaging and foil wrapping. It is also the box of chocolates sent by Queen Victoria to the soldiers in South Africa in 1900. The reason Paterson got this box of chocolates was because he had been a battlefield correspondent for the Sydney Morning Herald and The Age on the South African battlefield for almost a year starting in October 1899 before returning to Australia. . His family collections have been kept passed down from generation to generation after his death in 1941. In 2019, the family donated the library.

Long legs born in 1988 made the online community “wave” with an artistic and beautiful bikini picture like a statue, showing off a perfect body without any extra fat, making women admire. The model from South Africa wears a TropicofC swimsuit – a brand founded by herself and working as a Creative Director. Despite being a mother of two and at the age of U40, Candice Swanepoel still retains a youthful stature, toned body and surprisingly flat 2. The 8x beauty also regularly models for her products and publishes photos on Instagram’s personal page with 15.1 million followers “burning eyes” fans. She has also just launched a sports collection in combination with extremely dynamic and sexy swimwear, performed by the owner TropiofC herself. Candice Swanepoel’s swimwear products are mostly made from eco-friendly materials. The beauty shares her desire to convey messages and raise awareness of environmental protection and nature through her products. Candice Swanepoel also continuously collaborates with many beauties to show the designs of TropicofC swimsuits. Candice Swanepoel’s swimwear products are mostly made from eco-friendly materials. The beauty shares her desire to convey messages and raise awareness of environmental protection and nature through her products.

Uyen Linh made the delegates sob through his powerful, inspiring voice when performing the song “Legend of Mother” by musician Trinh Cong Son. The 27th anniversary of the National Day of the Republic of South Africa (April 27, 1994 – April 27, 2021) with the theme “Reunion 2021” was held solemnly in Ho Chi Minh City last night (April 22). This is a milestone marking the friendship and strong development relationship between Vietnam and South Africa. The celebration also demonstrates the cultural – political – economic exchange between the two countries, as a premise for many multifaceted promotions in politics, commerce, justice, science, technology and national. room in the near future. Dam Vinh Hung attracted the guests with his intoxication in the work “Aspiration” by musician Pham Minh Tuan. More than 1,000 guests attended this important event, including representatives from provincial commissars, diplomatic missions, several consulates, international organizations, social organizations, the business community and other delegate. In particular, the appearance of famous artists such as Dam Vinh Hung, Uyen Linh, Van Mai Huong, Nguyen Ha, Kim Tuyen, Thao Trang, Trinh Trinh, Hoang Duy … made the celebration more sparkling and romantic. romantic. On the majestic stage, the artists performed many special performances evoking the image of the homeland, the traditional values ​​of the Vietnamese people and international songs, contributing to tightening the friendship and cooperation. . Dam Vinh Hung attracted the guests with his intoxication in the work “Aspiration” by musician Pham Minh Tuan. Uyen Linh made the delegates sob through a powerful, inspiring voice when performing the song “Legend of Mother” by musician Trinh Cong Son. The duo Van Mai Huong – Uyen Linh made the guests in the room “goosebumps” through international songs: “Remember us this way” and “Shallow”. Ms. Do Thi Kim Lien, Honorary Consul of the Republic of South Africa in Ho Chi Minh City, giving her speech at the 27th Anniversary Ceremony of the Republic of South Africa The 27th anniversary of the Republic of South Africa’s National Day was organized by Ms. Do Thi Kim Lien, Honorary Consul of the Republic of South Africa in Ho Chi Minh City. For more than 10 years taking the role of Honorary Consul of the Republic of South Africa in Ho Chi Minh City, Ms. Do Thi Kim Lien is an important bridge to help the two countries tighten bilateral relations. In addition, the Honorary Consulate of the Republic of South Africa is also known with a familiar name as Madam Lien or Shark Lien. She is a great inspiration to young people to start a business and start a business. At the celebration, Ms. Do Thi Kim Lien officially released a book titled “Lien and dreams”. Based on the success of her first book “Lien – the chosen one”, Ms. Do Thi Kim Lien continues to shake hands with writer Y Ban to release the publication “Lien and dreams”. Through the book, she wishes to send people many positive messages and lessons about her beliefs and desires; Dare to go, dare to venture, dare to accept it will lead us to the brink of aspiration and success. All profits from the book sale will be used by Ms. Do Thi Kim Lien for volunteer activities.

The world has been getting COVID-19 vaccination for several months. Besides the hope that the COVID-19 pandemic will soon be controlled, there is no small concern with the fact that a series of new virus variants have appeared and are still appearing. It can be said that the global market is in the race between the vaccine and the unknown virus variants. The COVID-19 vaccine from Johnson & Johnson started being distributed in the US in early March amid dangerous spreading of the variants. Photo: GETTY IMAGES Many dangerous variations Virus strain means there is a mutation, changes in the genetic structure of the virus, causing the virus to change the way it works. In addition to the old virus strain, the world currently has many new variants such as B.1.1.7 (originated from England, has spread to more than 90 countries), B.1.351 from South Africa (has spread to more than 40 countries). , P1 and P2 from Brazil (has spread to 25 countries, some cases have been infected and recovered from being re-infected with variant P1), D614G from Europe, A.23.1 from Rwanda. In which the variant appeared from South Africa is said to be the most difficult to prevent and the most dangerous. Studies show that the vaccine strain B.1.351 of the vaccine from Pfizer / BioNTech and of AstraZeneca / Oxford is not as effective as the old vaccine. Clinical trials of vaccines by Johnson & Johnson and Novavax also showed that the ability to prevent this variant is not high. These variants – with a faster rate of spread, a higher risk of death, and an easier way to outdo existing vaccines – threaten efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. And yet, the appearance of the variants also points to another concern: More dangerous variants will emerge in the future if the world fails to win the current race. The current pace of immunization globally is worryingly slow, especially in poor countries. It can be understood that even though rich countries vaccinate rapidly, new variants may emerge in poor countries that have not yet had adequate immunization coverage. Understanding these risks, vaccine developers are working hard to increase effectiveness in coping with variants. And the global health organizations are also making efforts to accelerate the speed of global distribution and vaccination. These are difficult times. This will be our toughest time to see which side wins. If we can hold on for another month or six, there’s a big difference. TS PETER HOTEZ , Rector of Baylor College of Tropical Medicine (USA) Vaccine firms’ efforts The Pfizer / BioNTech vaccines and Moderna’s vaccines (both doses) both use the mRNA molecule as the foundation. This molecule instructs the body to make a mutant protein found in the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which signals the immune system to fight off the mutant protein if encountered. The Oxford / AstraZeneca vaccine (two doses) uses a reprogrammed version of another virus, adenovirus, that uses the DNA encoding the mutant protein of SARS-CoV-2. The Johnson & Johnson vaccine (single dose) also uses adenovirus. With these two vaccine platforms, once they want to redirect to deal with new variants, developers will need to modify their DNA or mRNA codes. Fortunately, this can be done simply and quickly, but the disadvantage is that it will require expensive changes to the vaccine production process and more time to produce and distribute. Hoping to avoid these shortcomings, Pfizer is now considering the possibility of adding a third dose to the current two-dose regimen to reinforce the effectiveness of preventing new variants. Talk to the radio NBC News At the end of February, Pfizer chief executive Albert Bourla was confident that “the third dose will increase the antibody response 10 to 20 times”. Moderna is also working on the possibility of giving one-dose booster to the current two-dose regimen. In addition, at the end of February Moderna sent a version of the vaccine optimized to cope with the variant in South Africa to the US National Institutes of Health for further study. Meanwhile, Johnson & Johnson is confident its vaccine is resistant to many more variants because it is developed later than the above brands. Johnson & Johnson are also working on a two-dose vaccine (currently only available in one-dose version). Last week Pfizer announced that it would soon launch the trial of COVID-19, a positive news that gives further hope to quell the pandemic. Meanwhile according to the news agency Reuters Currently, many Asian countries are speeding up the distribution of AstraZeneca’s vaccine, after a period of concerns about the safety of the information that this vaccination causes thrombosis appeared in Europe. Earlier this week, many countries and territories in Asia activated vaccination. Some regional leaders are also vaccinated to reinforce confidence, including the Head of the Administration of Taiwan Institute – Mr. To Trinh Xuong, Prime Minister of Thailand Prayut Chan-o-cha. In Europe, after a short hiatus, many continental countries have also restored this vaccination. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson received the first dose last weekend and said “nothing strange”. The AstraZeneca vaccine is one of the few first available COVID-19 vaccines, available at a low cost and according to Reuters This vaccine will be at the heart of COVID-19 vaccination programs in most developing countries. The positive side of “vaccine diplomacy” Currently, the giants of vaccine COVID-19 (USA, China, India) are trying to expand distribution of vaccine globally. Compared to the US, the two countries India and China are more enthusiastic about implementing the campaign “vaccine diplomacy”. China has announced it will donate vaccines to 53 countries, and has already shipped millions of doses of its domestic vaccine to Asia, Africa and Latin America. When asked if the US could surpass China in “vaccine diplomacy” last week, the State Department spokesman did not respond. However, according to the news site The Hill The US is working with countries in the quartet group (India, Australia, Japan) to discuss providing vaccines to Asian countries to both stop the COVID-19 epidemic and as a counterbalance to China’s “vaccine diplomacy” campaign. National. Secretary of State Antony Blinken discussed this with three of their counterparts from February 18. During a meeting with G7 leaders last month, US President Joe Biden promised that the United States would donate 4 billion doses to the World Health Organization (WHO) Gavi vaccine alliance and possibly many more.

The new variants were first spotted in countries like Brazil, South Africa and the UK that spontaneously appeared in the last few months of 2020. The main concern was a change in the mutant protein structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as E484K, in all three variants in the three countries, the researchers said. The E484K mutation is thought to impair the body’s immune response to the virus. Some scientists expressed concern that the E484K mutation could “elude” the natural immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infection and decrease the protection of existing Covid-19 vaccines. Artwork: Getty Images According to scientists interviewed by Reuters, the appearance of virus variants in different regions of the world shows that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is undergoing “convergent evolution”. Although SARS-CoV-2 will continue to mutate, they suspect the virus will have only a certain number of variants, immunologists and virologists say. However, it is still important to consider whether or not to limit the number of variants that make the SARS-CoV-2 virus less dangerous. “It can be said that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has a relatively limited number of variants that avoid antibodies before releasing the strongest ‘card’,” said Shane Crotty, virologist at La Institute of Immunology. Jolla in San Diego (USA) said. This could allow drug manufacturers to control disease while they develop the booster Covid-19 vaccine to suppress the current variant. Meanwhile, governments around the world are still struggling to control the pandemic that has killed nearly 3 million people globally. The opinion that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has only a certain amount of mutation has been the subject of discussion among experts since the beginning of February. According to a study, scientists have discovered seven variations of SARS. -CoV-2 appears in the US, has the same mutation. The convergent evolutionary process of SARS-CoV-2 According to Reuters, the process by which different species evolve similar traits to improve survival is central to evolutionary biology. The wide spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, with more than 128 million infections worldwide, allows scientists to observe the viral evolution in practice. “If you want to write a book about the evolution of viruses, you can do it now,” said Dr. Francis Collins, director of the US National Institutes of Health in an interview. Scientists saw the virus evolve on a smaller scale in 2018 when the H7N9 avian flu virus in China began adapting to a human host. However, there has never been a globally controlled virus such as SARS-CoV-2. Wendy Barclay, a virologist and professor at Imperial College London (UK), said she was amazed at the “staggering amount of convergent evolution” of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. “There are dangerous mutations like E484K, N501Y and K417N that all three variants in Brazil, South Africa and UK are carrying,” Ms. Barclay said. SARS-CoV-2 is not a “particularly smart” virus, the scientists said. Each time it infects people, SARS-CoV-2 makes copies of itself, and for each copy, it can make a mistake. While some of the mistakes are insignificant, the ones that give this virus an existential advantage tend to be long-lasting. “If this is repeated, it will provide some developmental advantages for the SARS-CoV-2 virus,” said Francis Collins. Some experts believe that the virus has a limited number of mutations that can be sustained before affecting its ability to function. Besides, too many mutations will cause the virus to no longer exist in the original version. “If the SARS-CoV-2 virus had an infinite number of ‘tricks,’ we would see a multitude of mutations,” said Michel Nussenzweig, an immunologist at Rockefeller University in New York. Cautious optimism However, the scientists remain cautious and say, predicting how much SARS-CoV-2 will mutate is a challenge. If there is a limit to how this virus can evolve, that would be simpler for the vaccine developers. The Novavax company is making adjustments to the vaccine to prevent variation in South Africa. However, trials have shown that the efficacy of the vaccine against the variant in South Africa is quite low. “The virus can mutate a lot and it still binds to a human host,” Novavax CEO Stan Erck said and hopes the vaccine will be effective for most of the current strains. According to Mr. Stan Erck, Novavax will continue to test vaccines for new strains of strains. Scientists have recently identified seven variants of SARS-Cov-2 in the US, with all mutations occurring in the same key location of the virus. This provides additional evidence of viral convergence evolution. Other research groups are working on exposing the virus to antibodies to force it to mutate. In many cases, the E484K mutation has appeared in the experiment. According to Reuters, the above evidence adds to the cautious optimism that the mutants appear to have many similar characteristics. However, experts say the world must continue to monitor for changes in the SARS-CoV-2 virus and eliminate its ability to mutate by reducing infection through vaccination and restrictive measures. the spread of the disease. “SARS-CoV-2 is still going very strong. We don’t know when the battle against the pandemic will end, ”said Vaughn Cooper, an expert in evolutionary biology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (USA).

The Japanese wear a Covid-19 fashion mask. Photo: Japan Times.

Minister of Health and Labor Tamura Norihisha in today’s press conference when it comes to Japan’s implementation of the Covid-19 translation of emergency, said, will first consult with experts. and the government will make the final decision.

The expert said that in case strong measures to prevent the spread of infection are not effective, the declaration of a return of emergency should also be taken into account. The Minister of Health and Labor affirmed that before it comes back to declaring a state of emergency, what needs to be done is extremely important.

Meanwhile, Economic Reconstruction Minister Nishimura cum in charge of epidemic prevention said that he had reported to the House of Representatives on the situation of the new virus infection in Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Aichi provinces … and measures. strengthen prevention of the spread especially before there is a possibility of re-declaring emergencies in these areas. These are the provinces and cities where the rate of new virus from the UK and South Africa has increased rapidly despite high warning levels.

Accordingly, this measure will not only include an average assessment of the infection rate among young people, the number of cases, but also pay attention to the participation of the people. Specifically urged people to limit traveling to other provinces when they are not needed, even during long holidays from the end of April to the beginning of May, not neglecting the strict implementation of measures to prevent infection in Vietnam. restaurants and bars.

Since Japan abolished its second emergency in early March, the number of new infections has continuously increased. Some prefectures such as Osaka, Aichi, Hyogo … the number of infected cases skyrocketed, some even surpassed Tokyo, which has always had the highest number of new infections since the outbreak of the new virus.

Yesterday (April 15), Japan recorded 4576 new cases, of which serious infections also increased.

The Covid-19 vaccination operation is still underway. Expected early next May, objects are the elderly and foreigners will be vaccinated. Currently, Japan is still actively promoting connections with international pharmaceutical firms to buy more vaccines. Japanese Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide is visiting Japan and is expected to have a phone call with the owner of the US pharmaceutical company Pfizer to increase vaccine imports in the near future.

Meanwhile, according to a report by the Ministry of Health of Thailand, today (April 16) this country recorded nearly 1,600 new cases of Covid-19. This is the highest number of cases per day since the outbreak of the pandemic, in the context that the Southeast Asian country is facing the third wave of infections of the Covid-19 epidemic.

According to Thai officials, the country currently has no new deaths, but the number of new infections has increased sharply in the past week, bringing the total number of cases to more than 39,000 cases, putting the risk of overloading the health system. Therefore, the Thai Ministry of Health yesterday (April 15) had to warn, if hospitals and clinics refuse to receive treatment for Covid-19 patients, they will be handled according to the provisions of the law.

In India, data released by the Ministry of Health today (April 16) shows that, in the past 24 hours, the number of new Covid-19 cases has increased to a record of more than 217,000 cases. This is the record increase for the 8th time in 9 days in India. The total number of cases in this country is nearly 14.3 million cases, behind the US with more than 31 million cases. In addition to the above cases, the total number of deaths caused by Covid-19 also increased by nearly 1,200 people, to more than 174,000 cases./.

Earth has been 4 billion years old since its birth in the universe. In the long history of the Earth, the stars, planets, satellites, asteroids in the universe along with the Earth have all had a fixed or uncertain mode of action. The formation of the Solar System, the Moon, asteroids crashing into the Earth, comets … prove that claim.

As the development of human civilization took shape on Earth, we began to explore the mysteries of the universe and our own planet.

Humans have discovered countless impact craters on Earth formed by the “falling stars” that once crashed into the Earth. These “falling stars” are then referred to as “meteorites / asteroids”, and the traces they leave on Earth are known as “meteorite craters” or impact craters.

It can be said that the crater is a symbol and evidence of the intersection of cosmic objects and the Earth. Not only that, some scientists who support the “exogenous” theory even believe that the water and energy necessary for life on Earth today are due to the impact of meteorites and comets.

Although this is not supported by strong evidence, the craters are still very valuable to scientists studying celestial celestial bodies. It is of great significance for the study of the formation and evolution of the Earth, the change in climate, the environment and animals in ancient times, the role of biological processes and mineralization.

Today, many meteorite holes have been discovered, through studying them, people have discovered many unknown secrets from ancient times as well as unique minerals created when Huge asteroid collided with the Earth.

THE LARGEST THIEN THIEN THE PLANET

According to the report of the Earth Impact Database released in 2016, worldwide there are about 190 impact craters detected so far. And the planet’s largest, oldest and most severely eroded asteroid crater is Vredefort Crater in South Africa.

The Vredefort asteroid crater is a crater that has existed on Earth for 2 billion years – it is the result of a meteor’s shock impact with the Earth at speeds right between 40,000 and 250,000 km / h. The diameter of the Vredefort Crater exceeds 300 km, making it the largest and oldest meteorite crater in the world (second after the Yarrabubba crater in Australia (2,229 billion years old), NASA updates for 2020.

The Vredefort meteorite hole in South Africa.

This huge meteorite hole is located in the Free State province, South Africa. Because the crater is so large, local people do not realize it is the “legacy” from the “meeting” of the Earth and meteorites. However, its enormous size has attracted scientists and geologists from all over the world.

In 2005, the United Nations decided to include the Vredefort impact pit on the list of World Heritage Sites in need of protection.

LOOK AT THE PAST – FORWARD TO THE FUTURE

Talking about the crater / meteorite hole, many people do not know the Chicxulub (Yucatán peninsula in Mexico), 150 km in diameter, occurred about 65 million years ago.

Many scientists believe that perhaps the extinction of a generation of dinosaurs on Earth at that time was related to the climate change due to the impact of this meteorite.

Likewise, as the world’s largest crater, the formation of the Vredefort Crater should have had a serious impact on Earth’s climate and biological evolution. We just haven’t figured out exactly what it has affected and how it affects it.

Before that, the United Nations formed a scientific research group, based in South Africa, and conducted scientific research in the Vredefort crater for seven years. In the end it was asserted that the meteorite’s destructive power plunged into Vredefort enough to change the climate and the structure of the African plate. Scientists are continuing to study the long-term effects from Vredefort’s earlier.

What is different from Vredefort’s other meteorite craters in the world is that it has grown from what should have been abandoned into a city complete with hundreds of thousands of inhabitants, and generations of people have been in This huge crater is like a peaceful paradise.

Scientists said, meteorites that plunged into the Earth may leave large “scars” for Earth on the bottom of the deep sea. Because the asteroid craters we’ve found so far are all above ground.

Due to the very large and deep seabed area, scientists currently do not have enough technology to conduct detailed investigations. Therefore, the impact crater on the sea floor remains an unsolved mystery in the scientific world. If you want to research, you must go through a long process of discovery by scientists, and this will also be the direction that scientists need to strive for in the future.

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