According to scientists, the reason farming has to use Neonicotinoids is to combat the many predators that are ready to pounce on corn or soybean seeds, every time they are sown in the ground. Seeds are impregnated with drugs before sowing. Photo: Scientific Beekeeping What are neonicotinoids? Neonicotinoid has been banned for use in Australia and Europe since 2013. This is a pesticide derived from nicotine (the addictive substance found in tobacco), the way to use is to dissolve in water and spray on plants. for the plants to absorb themselves, forming an artificial “immune system” to protect the crops. Neoincotinoids are thought to be effective against pests and insects, but are safe for mammals. However, because of its strong effect on insects, it also affects bees directly, reducing the number of pollinators. This pesticide is said to reduce the sperm count of male bees by up to 40%, as well as reduce their lifespan from an average of 22 days to 15 days, thus reducing the chances of male bees fertilizing the queen bee. also decreased. Besides disease, soil-dwelling pests such as helminths and larvae can also damage seeds and seedlings, along with terrestrial insects such as bean leaf beetles and aphids. seeds and saplings. Therefore, in the field of seed treatment against insects and diseases, farmers often treat seeds in combination with fungicides (IST) to help plants sprout straight and grow early. It is easy to mention some of the popular Neonicotinoid IST methods such as Imidacloprid (Gaucho, Bayer Crop Science), Clothianidin (Poncho, BASF) and Thiamethoxam (Cruiser, Syngenta)… Seth Naeve, an agronomist specializing in soybean research at the University of Minnesota Extension (USA), said that Neonicotinoid insecticides are highly water-soluble, helping to activate protection from insects. Great early season. Shawn Potter, Syngenta’s head of seed care product marketing, said that the growth of the seeds after treatment was driven in part by previous seasons. “Early seeding from a wet, cool, or both, seeds and seedlings will be exposed to various diseases. “Without seed treatment, crops could be damaged early on,” said Mr Potter. Nick Tinsley, BASF technical specialist, added: “Farmers and retailers alike can easily treat corn and soybean seeds with Neonicotinoid insecticides as well as fungicides from the company. producers to protect crops”. For decades, seed companies have treated corn with fungicides. However, IST only started to be added to the fungicide seed treatment of soybeans in the early 2000s. Studies have demonstrated that a combination of seed treatment with both fungicides and insecticides increases soybean yield per acre by 2 bushels (equivalent to 72.74 kg/0.4 ha). According to Mr. Potter, in general, each “shift” of treating soybean pest/mushroom combos will cost from 10 to 12 USD per seed unit (ranging from 80,000 to 140,000 seeds/0.4 ha). That’s because 70% of treatment costs go to pesticides, while the profit-taking rate per acre is between $16 and $17. This assumes that soybeans cost $12 per bushel and that the cost of the pesticide seed treatment is between $7 and $7.50 per seed unit. Entomologists in the Midwest and South America have also observed that the average soybean yield spike of 2 bushels per acre from this combination. “Some years are higher, some years are lower,” says Sebe Brown, an entomologist at the University of Louisiana. Responses tended to be higher in cases where soybeans were planted early, two crops, or planted after a cover crop.” Gus Lorenz, a scientist at the University of Arkansas, adds: “Companies have provided growers with insurance to maintain good standing. At current seed prices, the cost of treating seeds with pesticides is a good investment.” A synthesis of studies in a 2019 report representing agronomists and entomologists from 14 universities found that the best recorded soybean yield was an increase of 3.3 bushels per acre. after using the combined seed treatment solution. However, in some cases in Minnesota, the benefits are so small that it is argued that farmers should not be encouraged to use seed treatments or should apply them selectively. Concerns Previously, scientists believed that neonicotinoid pesticides were the main cause of the decline in bee populations and pollinators worldwide. A few years ago, the United Nations published alarming figures: In the first 10 years of the 21st century, the number of bees in the world has decreased by 85% in the Middle East, about 30% in the US and Europe. Neonicotinoids are likened to “birth control pills” for bees and reduce the population of bees. Photo: GCM Bees are the intermediate species that help pollinate more than 75% of the world’s food and fruit crops, so a decrease in the number of bees also means a reduced crop or even a crop failure. However, long-term studies by Syngenta suggest that the health effects of bees are negligible when using Neonicotinoid seed treatments to kill insects. According to Mr. Potter, what many experts agree on is that the health of bees depends on the interaction of factors such as parasites, disease, nutritional health and weather phenomena. A 2019 study published in the journal Scientific Reports detailed the effects that imidacloprid had on white-tailed deer. When imidacloprid (an insecticide that acts as an insect CNS toxin, belonging to the genus Neonicotinoids) was increased in the animal’s spleen, factors such as progeny viability, length of jawbone, body weight and visceral weight all decreased. Records show that at least 60% of white-tailed deer killed indicate the presence of Imidacloprid. According to expert Jonathan Lundgren, all insecticides can negatively impact mammals and bees. “The use of insecticides is so widespread these days that they are present in almost every growing system across the United States and are truly binding. These insecticides are affecting ecosystems in ways that we could not have foreseen.” Meanwhile, the companies that manufacture and trade in Neonicotinoid seed treatments have always denied this and asserted that “the products are safe if used according to the instructions on the label”. Compounds such as polymers coat the seeds or products like Bayer Fluency Agent Advanced to help prevent release into the environment, said Chip Graham, Bayer Crop Science’s North American director of seed development. “Initially we had really low dust levels, but these products ensure that pesticides remain on the seeds and reduce contamination levels during the growing process,” said Mr. What is the future of farming? Instead of treating seeds with neonicotinoid insecticides, Mr. Lundgren called for regenerative methods, such as tilling and changing seasons, increasing crop diversity as well as reducing pest pressure. bugs, insects. “Farmers need to understand that these seed treatments really don’t help them much,” said Lundgren. Neonicotinoid pesticides are believed to reduce bee pollinators, threatening food security. Photo: TN Meanwhile, expert Graham said that banning this seed treatment would be detrimental to farmers because “there are currently no foliar sprays to treat early-season insects as a rescue application”, so ” Seed treatment in this way is most effective to provide activity against early-season pests of maize and soybean.” Agronomist Naeve said: “They’re a good example of how the best tools we’ve ever had in agriculture, but it’s not a good idea to treat the entire soybean acreage. They can be a double-edged sword.”

Not only in North America, Australian farmers also have a headache with these two invasive plants known as super weeds. Photo: Civileats Recent studies have shown that Waterhemp and Palmer amaranth weeds threaten the food supply in North America and are increasingly resistant to herbicides, costing farmers a lot, especially by reducing yield and crop profitability. The results of the study showed that the broadleaf weeds Waterhemp and Palmer amaranth, which damage corn and soybeans in the Midwest of the United States, once caused yield losses of 40 to 70%. Accordingly, Bayer Crop Science has announced a new herbicide, expected to be released by the middle of this decade to help soybean and corn farmers combat weed problems, in particular two Dangerous invasive plants are Waterhemp and Palmer amaranth. Accordingly, the research and development of a new herbicide line Diflufenican will be introduced under the brand name Convintro. While it awaits approval from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Convintro products will be made available to soybean growers for use in post-ripening and pre-ripening applications. germination. Officials from the German chemical group also revealed that the new line of herbicides will also serve as a weed control tool for corn farmers. “Diflufenican has been used for many years in Europe and has demonstrated its ability to manage broad-leaved weeds in crops such as,” said Robert Schrick, Bayer’s crop protection product business lead lentils and winter cereals”. “The addition of a new product Diflufenican as the active ingredient for use in soybeans and corn is not only a first in North America, but also a new field of use for the two crops. Dangerous invasive weeds are Palmer amaranth and Waterhemp to protect soybean and corn fields. Accordingly, we will provide farmers with one more tool to add to their weed management plans,” said Robert Schrick at the press conference. Dwight Lingenfelter, an agricultural extension collaborator in the United States, stands next to a tall weed in a cornfield. Photo: PENN STATE Although the introduction of Diflufenican promises to help soybean farmers manage weeds and regain yield, Schrick says a balanced pest management approach is still the right way. “When it comes to weed management, the best approach is still an integrated, multi-site approach. Management plans that cover many years and a variety of crops will help farmers avoid problems like resistance,” said Mr. “Effective options for integrated weed management are a necessity,” said Frank Rittemann, Bayer Brand Manager for herbicide lines that damage corn, soybeans and cotton. We’re looking at chemicals that control some of the most challenging pests for farmers, and we’re relying on science to bring the best options to market, including in locations never before seen. previously exploited”. The Bayer research team continues to explore expanding opportunities to address today’s challenges and drive new innovations for our customers. “While there may be no silver bullet, our focus on crop protection will provide relentless advancements to add new tools where farmers need them,” said Mr. Rittemann. it’s the best”. Male (left) and female (right) Waterhemp weeds bloom in purple-red flowers in a soybean field in Chatham-Kent County, Ontario, Canada. Photo: fieldcropnews Earlier in a study published in the journal Weed Science , researchers from the University of Illinois (USA) have identified genetic markers that distinguish the male weed Waterhemp and the female weed Palmer amaranth. This milestone is seen as a new approach to genetics that may one day reduce the need for chemical drugs to control weeds. The researchers’ goal is to one day introduce genetically modified male plants to mate with wild female plants. The transgenic male plants will carry the gene drive (a technique to induce inheritance that favors specific genes to alter the population as a whole), a segment of DNA coding for masculinity will be passed on to all. its offspring and so on. Eventually, all plants in a given population will become male, reproduction will cease and the grass population will be destroyed.

Illustration. First, we sisters also find out what a round 3 needs to improve? Usually, due to the impact of sitting a lot, especially with office women, the body becomes not beautiful. The area of ​​​​the buttocks becomes distorted, flattened and sagging is a common phenomenon. When they don’t have a beautiful round, girls often become more self-conscious. Moreover, wearing clothes such as jeans, shorts, or dresses, is essential for a perfect body. Therefore, overcoming and leveling the 3rd round is always interested in by girls. Of the countless ways to increase the size of the 3rd round, the 3 ways below are chosen and appreciated by you for the effect it brings to the 3rd round as well as to the whole body. Change your gait According to research by American scientists, to get the perfect body shape and perfect round 3 measurements, you should change your gait. Do not sit for too long in one position If you spend 8 hours a day just sitting in front of the computer, it will make your butt become saggy and less firm. Just a few simple movements such as stretching, walking will also help your physique improve significantly. Scientific weight loss Sudden weight loss will definitely have a bad effect, reducing the tightness of the waist. When you are too fat and need to lose weight, choose a scientific diet and exercise regularly, focusing on fat loss. for the waistline to create soft, attractive curves on the body while ensuring that the 3rd round still receives essential nutrients. Eat papaya soup Papaya stew with snow mushrooms: 15g snow mushrooms, ½ green papaya, one rock sugar and almonds. All the above ingredients simmer for about 20 minutes. Eating this dish twice a week helps keep the skin smooth, especially brings softness and firmness to the bust and also helps prevent wrinkles. Papaya and soybean stew: Papaya, pork leg, soybean, ginger… simmer together for about two hours, not only good for pregnant women but also for women who want to improve their breasts.

The deer for the velvet pair weighed more than 3.3 kg at the household of Mr. Vu Van Dung in Quynh Xuan ward, Hoang Mai town. Photo: Viet Hung According to Mr. Dung, after many years of raising deer for buds, there has never been such a big, long and heavy velvet pair. Normally, deer to cut buds season is about 1.5 kg – 2 kg. To get this record pair of deer velvet, according to Mr. Dung, within 5 months (from October to February of lunar calendar), it is necessary to focus on fostering deer to stimulate locus. In addition to providing vegetables and grass, Mr. Dung fed the deer corn, soybeans, sugarcane and rice, and glutinous rice to increase nutrients, help deer grow healthy and give big velvet. People proceed to cut deer velvet. Photo: Viet Hung This morning, April 26, after the deer velvet pair was cut by Mr. Dung’s family, the trader went home to buy and pay for nearly 50 million dong. Ms. Le Thi Canh – a trader in Quynh Vinh commune (Hoang Mai town) said: “So far, I specialize in buying deer velvet throughout Nghe An province and no pair of heavy deer velvet has surpassed the mark. 3.3 kg as in the household of Mr. Vu Van Dung. Mr. Vu Van Dung (head of household) holds a pair of deer buds weighing 3.3 kg. Photo: Viet Hung Quynh Luu and Hoang Mai Town are the most developed locality in raising deer and deer with more than 16,000 children raised in more than 5,500 households; Each year, the output of deer velvet is exported to the market from 8 to 10 tons with a value of more than VND 10 billion./.