BGH on Legal Tech When the software replaces the lawyer

Status: 06/17/2021 6:46 a.m.

Anyone who wants to draw up an individual contract goes to a lawyer. That’s how it was before. In the meantime, however, this can also be done online, without legal assistance. The BGH is now examining whether this is permissible. What are the sticking points?

By Kerstin Anabah and Pia Brandsch-Böhm

What is the specific case about?

The publisher Wolters Kluwer offers the legal document generator “Smartlaw”. With the help of the software, private individuals and companies can create and then purchase individual legal documents, such as rental agreements. To do this, customers have to answer 30 to 40 questions. The whole thing was “modeled on the conversation with the lawyer”, according to the original advertisement.

Wolters Kluwer is not admitted to the bar and is not licensed to provide legal services. The Hamburg Bar Association has therefore sued the publisher (Az. I ZR 113/20). She sees the Legal Tech offer as an anti-competitive violation of the Legal Services Act. It regulates who is allowed to provide legal services – for example lawyers or debt collection companies.

How have the courts decided so far?

The Cologne Regional Court gave the Bar Association in law. It saw in the contract generator a violation of the Legal Services Act. Wolters Kluwer appealed against this to the Cologne Higher Regional Court – with success. According to the Cologne Higher Regional Court, this is not a legal service, as there is no human (service) performance. The documents would be created by software. There is no customer contact because the customer operates the software himself. In addition, no legal examination of the individual case is necessary, since the program runs according to a fixed routine and a situation is only inserted into a given grid.

Have there already been judgments in similar cases?

As early as 2019, the Federal Court of Justice ruled on a legal aid program in the ruling on “kleineermiete.de”. At that time the question was whether a rental price calculator represents a collection or a legal service. With this online calculator, customers could see by entering their data whether they were paying too much rent and immediately defend themselves against it. For this purpose, the program directly commissioned the company behind it to enforce the rights. The BGH has declared this rental price calculator to be permissible.

How the first civil senate decides in the case of the contract generator is open. The industry for such offers is booming. The ruling is therefore likely to be another important step towards greater legal certainty.

If you’ve been training hard but it doesn’t work, that’s one of the signs that you’re doing it wrong and should be corrected so as not to waste time. Exercising with intensity but without a plan will make the body tired. Photo: Snhfoto. No long term plan This has to do with what’s known as HADD, which stands for attention-deficit disorder. It happens because people change exercises too often and without a particular plan or focus. GQ It is said that repeating the same movement even if it is boring will complete the exercise and get in shape faster. At the same time, it helps you gain strength, muscle. While a variety of exercises is the key to good results, changing too often will prevent you from reaping the benefits. Experts recommend sticking to one exercise for at least 2-3 weeks, analyzing how many reps you can perform and how much weight you want to lift to see your progress. Besides, you must have a combination of exercises to accelerate weight loss and muscle gain. You need to repeat the movements for a long time for the body to adapt. Photo: Body. Too much exercise Experts say everyone’s body has a limit on the number of effective workouts. Therefore, overtraining is not the fastest way to achieve results and can cause injury. It is important that you do enough warm-up and the right sequence of steps in the exercise. Repeat the exact same exercises and change the time to increase the amount of time each day so that your body can adapt and limit fatigue. Extra exercise There are many exercises that are not effective for the body. So make sure you do them as directed by your coach to avoid losing time. Some exercises or movements do not have much effect on weight loss and muscle gain. They are even potentially dangerous if you do not do them correctly at home. Exercises with weights require the supervision of a trainer to ensure safety. Photo: Self. Overhead barbell squats : Squat while lifting weights can help you look like a bodybuilder. However, this exercise has many potential risks of injury to the spine, hands and head. While it’s not “useless”, people don’t yet have the necessary skills to do it right. Walking on the treadmill: If you are a fan and regularly use this exercise, change the speed and intensity of the machine continuously. You should start warming up for the first 5 minutes at a slow pace to get the blood circulating. Then gradually increase the speed for the body to adapt. This change helps the body to expend energy instead of being stuck on the machine without seeing results. Exercises to help men have 6 pack abs Exercises that affect the abdomen, which can be done at home, help men build muscle.

EU-US summit Brussels and Biden – the sticking points

Status: 15.06.2021 2:04 p.m. Subsidies, punitive tariffs or relations with Beijing – the European Union and the USA are still fighting over a whole range of explosive problems after the change of power in Washington. An overview. The United States and the European Union are clearly trying to improve their relations again after the Trump presidency. Disputes in economic and geopolitics have been simmering for years. The new US President Joe Biden is as tough on some issues as his predecessor Donald Trump. On other questions, however, he showed a willingness to compromise in advance. When he meets EU leader Ursula von der Leyen today, these issues will be the main focus:

Subsidy dispute over Airbus and Boeing

For 17 years, the EU and the US had been fighting because they accused each other of improperly subsidizing their aircraft manufacturers Airbus and Boeing. Since Biden took office, there was a kind of armistice until July 11th. In the run-up to the summit, both sides had hoped to be able to resolve this dispute. In fact, the EU and US reached an agreement at today’s meeting. There is a breakthrough on the subject, said EU Commission President von der Leyen. This will open a new chapter in relationships – with cooperation instead of legal disputes. During Trump’s tenure, the United States had received permission from the World Trade Organization (WTO) to impose punitive tariffs of $ 7.5 billion on goods and services from the EU. Airbus aircraft were subject to a tax of 15 percent. A year later, Brussels also received WTO approval to impose punitive tariffs on US imports totaling four billion dollars.

October 18, 2019

Punitive tariffs on steel and aluminum

At the meeting between Biden and the EU leaders, the trade conflict over steel and aluminum will also come on the table. The commission hopes that the guest from Washington will agree to lift the punitive tariffs of 25 percent on European steel exports to the USA by December 1st. After Trump was voted out of office, Brussels decided not to raise its tariffs on whiskey, jeans or Harley-Davidson motorcycles as planned on June 1. Now it is up to the USA to turn words into deeds, says Deputy EU Commission President Valdis Dombrovskis. Trump had accused the EU of unfair trade practices and imposed punitive tariffs on imports in this area in June 2018. As a result, European steel exports to the USA rose by 25 percent and exports of aluminum by ten percent.

05.03.2021

Digital tax and data security

Brussels also sees a need for discussion regarding the taxation of digital content from US technology companies such as Google, Apple, Amazon and Facebook. The EU accuses companies of skilfully shifting their sales and profits to avoid tax payments in the EU. A Europe-wide tax for digital corporations has therefore been discussed in the EU for years. France and other EU countries have already introduced national digital taxes. In the meantime, both sides within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have agreed to start negotiations on the taxation of digital content. Brussels and Washington are also looking for a new agreement to enable the exchange of personal data from the EU to the US. This is important for the business models of the US digital corporations. The European Court of Justice overturned the so-called Privacy Shield Agreement last year because it did not adequately protect European data from access by US authorities and secret services.

11/25/2020

Further consideration for Nord Stream 2?

The German-Russian gas pipeline Nord Stream 2, which is supposed to double the capacity of Russian deliveries through the Baltic Sea, could also cause some tension at the meeting. She wasn’t just a thorn in Trump’s side. Biden also rejects the almost finished project – but obviously does not want to jeopardize the transatlantic partnership, which has just recovered. The US fear that Moscow has a means of political leverage in the pipeline. The planned start of Nord Stream 2 was delayed by US sanctions under Trump. In a gesture to Berlin at the end of May, Biden’s government decided not to impose sanctions on the operating company Nord Stream 2 AG and its German managing director. Washington wanted to create space for talks with the federal government.

analysis 05/20/2021

Relations with China

As far as relations with China are concerned, things seem to have calmed down a bit. The fact that the EU reached an investment protection agreement with Beijing without waiting for Biden’s inauguration to coordinate with the new US president was clearly disapproved in Washington. There one expects more support from the Europeans against the Chinese rival. The EU has since put the deal with China on hold and is unequivocally opposed to unfair trade practices and human rights abuses. After the EU imposed sanctions on the situation of the Muslim Uyghur minority in the Chinese province of Xinjiang, Beijing responded with sanctions against EU politicians and scientists. The European Parliament then refused to ratify the agreement. With information from Matthias Reiche, ARD-Studio Brussels

07/30/2020

Le Duong Bao Lam became famous after being crowned the champion of the program Laughing Xuyen Viet in 2015. Few people know that, before being rich, Le Duong Bao Lam used to live in poverty in his hometown. Screenshots Recently, on his personal page, Le Duong Bao Lam posted a clip introducing his childhood home. Screenshots The old house of Le Duong Bao Lam was simply built of bricks, without lime and painted on the walls. Screenshots Inside the house is dilapidated but attached with many memories. Screenshots Actor Le Duong Bao Lam introduced from the door to many familiar items such as tables, old mirrors, her sister’s notebooks, glasses, etc. All of them were covered with quite thick dust over time. Screenshots In the kitchen, Bao Lam introduced the pepper pestle, rock sugar box, lid,… Photo: screenshot The most notable are the grandfather’s ladle and the wood stove. Screenshots The actor couldn’t help but be moved when he looked back at the objects that were attached to his poor childhood. Screenshots Talking about his childhood home, Le Duong Bao Lam said that in the future he plans to build a new house to store objects associated with his childhood memories. Screenshots Currently, Le Duong Bao Lam’s parents have moved to a more spacious new house, decorated with many ornamental plants. Photo: Giadinhnet Video: Cam Ly’s beautiful little vegetable garden. Source: CamLy Vlog

Phuong My Chi, born in 2003, was once known as a “prodigy” singing folk music when she enrolled in the contest “Voice of Vietnamese children 2013”. Originally from a family with difficult circumstances, when she brought her voice to the exam, Phuong My Chi honestly confided that she dreamed that if she achieved high results, she would build a house for her parents. Before that, Phuong My Chi’s whole family lived in a small apartment in Ho Chi Minh City and the family’s income depended on her mother’s tea shop. Stepping out of the playground “Children’s Voices” in the first season with the title of runner-up, Phuong My Chi until now can be said to be a famous vocalist and retains the most enduring stage aura among the faces. grew from this competition. It is worth mentioning that, knowing the difficult situation and also from the love of Phuong My Chi’s talent, singer Quang Le offered to adopt her so that he could guide and support this gifted voice. . Along with that, the male singer also decided to sign an exclusive contract with Phuong My Chi, exclusively for the song “hit” associated with her name – “My hometown in the floodplain” for a period of 2 years. According to the contract between Quang Le’s entertainment company and Phuong My Chi’s family, this unit will have the exclusive rights to images, vocals, “shows”, advertising contracts, recording tapes, and business. ringtones, waiting houses… related to Phuong My Chi. As soon as he became Quang Le’s adopted son As an exclusive singer of the male singer company, Phuong My Chi was hired by her adoptive father to teach her own vocals to supplement, train and perfect her singing ability, thereby giving birth to her first music album. . She also has the opportunity to stand on many big stages both at home and abroad. There was even a time because Phuong My Chi saw so many “so many” that many people were afraid that her study would be affected. However, Quang Le affirmed that he always prioritizes Phuong My Chi’s studies and arranges practice and performances reasonably so as not to affect his daughter’s study time. Thanks to Quang Le’s dedication and the back support of a professional team, Phuong My Chi has a stable source of income from singing. By the end of 2013, that is, just a few months after stepping out from the playground “Children’s Voices”, the girl revealed that she had bought a house for her parents by saving money to sing and supported by her adoptive father Quang Le. more money to be able to repair the new place to be more spacious. Sharing about the issue of both adopting Phuong My Chi and taking care of her singing career in the first days of her life, Quang Le affirmed that he always wanted to create the best conditions for his daughter. Therefore, in addition to guiding Phuong My Chi to become more mature in music, he and his family oriented her to study at an international school in Ho Chi Minh City. Quang Le did not hesitate to reveal that according to the signed contract, the two parties will share revenue and profit according to products and advertising contracts, in addition, Phuong My Chi still has her own salary in each “sou” “The show that she participated in. The above 2-year contract period was later extended to 6 years. After 6 years, at the end of 2019, Phuong My Chi officially said goodbye to the entertainment company of her adoptive father Quang Le. At that time, Phuong My Chi confided that the relationship between her and her adoptive father Quang Le was very good, but the reason the two sides did not continue to be closely attached to each other at work because the signed contract had expired. and she also wants to actively develop her own career, step out of her comfort zone. Up to now, Phuong My Chi has grown up, has her own products showing her musical imprint and personality, and possesses many valuable assets thanks to income from many years of singing. On Quang Le’s side, referring to his adopted daughter, the male singer expressed, Currently, his relationship with Phuong My Chi is still very good. The little girl still often calls to visit him, gives gifts, sometimes even cooks tea to bring to her adoptive father. The male singer confirmed that Phuong My Chi’s current life is very stable, especially in terms of finances, she still sings and receives “numbers”, the schedule is completely managed by her parents and family. 100% management. That makes him feel very happy and secure, especially when he knows that his adopted daughter is still very lovely, emotional, and knows how to take care of her family from her singing fee. Quang Le shared, during the 6 years of working with Phuong My Chi in terms of music, he tried his best to support her in professional and work, but did not participate in managing her children’s money. girl, which is left to her family to decide. According to Quang Le, this year is the most important year for Phuong My Chi because she will graduate from grade 12 and prepare to enter the university. The male singer revealed that before, he and his family sent her to an international school, from grade 3 to grade 9, the school sponsored 100% of her tuition, and from grade 9 to grade 12, she had to pay. about 200 million VND/year. This tuition fee according to Quang Le is the money that Phuong My Chi earns from singing, which he and his family take care of and arrange to receive “numbers” for her. Besides, there are also some Manh Thuong Quan who silently support Phuong My Chi’s tuition. Talking about money issues, Quang Le said that all things related to money let his manager work with Phuong My Chi’s mother in a very clear and fair way. Phuong My Chi doesn’t know anything about money. But my manager and Phuong My Chi’s family work very clearly. For example, when Chi goes to sing, except for travel expenses, hotel meals, etc., Chi’s mother’s remuneration is enough for her. That’s why Phuong My Chi has to pay for her own education from 10th grade to 12th grade. Her parents don’t work because of Chi’s income a lot.” – Quang Le shared.

Jennie (BlackPink) or V (BTS) used to have the nickname “Human Gucci”. However, they are now associated with the name “Human Chanel”. According to Daniel Langer, chief executive officer of lifestyle company Équité, this change could have a big impact on brands reaching younger audiences. Therefore, there is no other way, the brand must have more “wise moves” in making the idol image become associated with them. How to “retain” idols when loyalty is easy to change When Kai (EXO) just released a solo album, Gucci sent him a coffee cart. The Italian fashion house wants their brand ambassadors to be healthy. “Congratulations to Gucci ambassador, Kai. Eat well”, “Gucci fully supports Kai” are two wishes printed on the car. The food cart contains Gucci’s message to Kai. Photo: Lo3ylovely. This simple action seems to implicitly confirm that Kai is an inseparable part of the brand. Deep down, it’s a way for idols to have a hard time turning their backs on them. In 2020 Gucci produced a video with Kai, showing him as someone on a journey of self-discovery. In April, Gucci launched Kai’s first collection. The designs are based on the brand’s signature classic style. The teddy bear – a toy associated with Kai since childhood – is highlighted, symbolizing the gentleness of childhood and the connection between people. “The collection has taken the world by storm. Kai shows fashion acumen. His glamorous style has generated promotion from Seoul (Korea), Shanghai (China), Tokyo (Japan) Copy), New York (USA) to Paris (France)”, SCMP comment. Gucci attracted attention when creating a collection associated with Kai. Photo: Gucci. The hashtag #humangucci is currently trending on many social media platforms due to Kai’s great influence. However, the phrase has been used before to refer to other celebrities who have been associated with the brand. They were wearing Gucci from head to toe. Before Kai, V and Jennie often appeared in Gucci suits. They are even called the “king” and “queen” of the fashion house. After a while, both turned to support Chanel. The admirers favorably gave them the common title “Human Chanel”. Once “Human Gucci”, Jennie is now attached to the nickname “Human Chanel”. Photo: Jennierubyjane. Page Kpopmap wrote: “From sticking with Gucci, V switched to Chanel, making the competition fierce”. Chanel quickly named Jennie as the muse and ambassador for the brand. Since then, Jennie has actively shared her love for the French fashion house on her personal page with 45 million followers. In many of her posts, she carries handbags, Chanel dresses, and other accessories. These images of Jennie have a great impact on Generation Z consumers. This is the audience Chanel wants to reach the most. Kpop superstars are style icons of today’s youth. Therefore, choosing a representative with great style and influence for the brand creates a clear impact on young audiences. This also shows how much influence social media has on luxury brands. Cleverly pleasing Generation Z “However, Jennie’s switch from using Gucci to Chanel also has many potential risks.” SCMP identify. When ambassadors are disloyal or no longer supporting certain brands, it is easy for fans to be skeptical. They will also tend to act on their idols. Which explains why Gucci is now actively promoting Kai to become “Human Gucci”, tying him to his own collections. Gen Z is currently the most influential consumer group for luxury brands. According to experts’ predictions, by 2030, they will also be the number one customer group. Defining “Human Chanel” or “Human Gucci” helps them solidify their choices. Song Hye Kyo, Rosé or Lisa are also characters that are sought after by many brands. Photo: Song Hye Kyo, Rosé, Lisa. Not only is K-pop the most successful music genre of the past, K-pop will also influence the aesthetic of luxury brands over the next decade. This is similar to hip hop that has helped build the style for luxury brands over the past decade. As more brands jump into this race, monikers like “Human Louis Vuitton”, “Human Dior” or “Human Prada” may be on the horizon. “In that case, brands will have to be very cautious because ‘imitation’ may not help to connect with Gen Z. It will take different creative approaches. And I’m sure we will see. many great examples” is Daniel Langer’s warning.

Josh Sakhai – one of the three co-founders of the company Ephemeral – is a student at New York University. He wanted to try tattooing but was afraid of reactions from his family. So he began to research and develop temporary tattoos with fading ink. 50 different formulas and 6 years long The effort of Josh Sakhai and colleagues – Jeff Liu, Brennal Pierre and Vandan Shah – went through 50 different recipes before finding the right ink. They spend 6 years doing research. Sakhai tried it out on his own. He used to have a temporary tattoo on his arm. Josh Sakhai – one of the founders of the company Ephemeral. Sakhai developed the formula in collaboration with dermatologists at a laboratory in Milford, Connecticut, north of New York, USA. They only use products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Ephemeral tattoo shop opened in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in late March. Currently, only black ink but more tones are expected in the future. “What we are doing is providing services to a brand new group of customers,” said Sakhai. “They haven’t tried permanent tattoos before.” Tattoos that last 9-15 months cost around 175-450 USD. Ephemeral recruits artists with good technique, used to tattoo permanent. Before the development of temporary tattoos, many artists offered semi-permanent tattoo services. The drawings are done with vegetable ink and absorb less into the skin. The tattoos are advertised that disappear after a while. However, tattoos tend to smudge, deteriorate, not disappear completely. In addition, some cases cause damage to the tattooed person. Many professional workers have warned. Patterns that last 9-15 months will give more people the chance to experiment with tattoos. Besides, they don’t have to worry about sticking with a permanent tattoo. The safety of tattoo ink is guaranteed. The popularity of tattoo art Through Ephemeral’s technology, tattoo artists have the opportunity to broaden their creative thinking. They do the drawing without worrying that it will last forever. Besides, tattooists can experiment with different ideas. Artist Marissa Boulay draws a temporary tattoo on the client’s arm. Marissa Boulay – one of the tattoo artists in Ephemeral – said: “I find it interesting. I can be more creative and decide what I want to do.” This ink gives the female artist the opportunity to experiment with a floral design. A temporary tattoo helps her decide if she has enough love to stick with it forever. However, Fox News said that for some other artists temporary tattoos counteract the permanence and rebellious spirit of the art. Tattoo was once a symbol of social rebellion. In recent years, it is gaining in popularity. According to a 2019 study by the Nielsen Institute, about 40% of 18-34 year olds in the US have at least one tattoo. Boulay – a veteran tattoo artist with 11 years in the profession – confided: “We are not trying to change society. I think tattoos are about expressing ourselves and the artistic side. to help many people have the opportunity to experience this art form more easily “.

Ayanna Williams, who holds the record for having the longest manicure in the world Williams was recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records in 2017 with a nail length of 5.7 meters. At that time, she had spent two bottles of paint and 20 hours of makeup on her nails. Before cutting it off last weekend, the length of her nails was up to 7.3 m. Dermatologist Allison Readinger, who directly cut Williams’ nails, used a small electric saw to safely cut each nail. Ayanna Williams shared that she feels bittersweet when she has to separate her nails that have been attached to her since the 1990s. will miss them, it may take a while, but now it’s time to let go. ” A close-up of the world’s longest manicure. Williams has been an avid manicure since a young age, asking her mother how long her nails were and if she could paint her favorite colors. Williams also revealed that his decision to cut nails stems from difficulties in performing everyday tasks.

“With my daily activities, I have to be very careful if I don’t want to damage my nails. I can’t do some jobs like washing dishes or bed sheets,” she said.

Williams’ nail set is currently preserved at a museum specializing in the collection of exotic items in Orlando, Florida.