If the giant crocodile Kalia and Gustav are beast-class crocodiles, then this submarine-shaped crocodile must be called a prehistoric behemoth.

If the giant crocodile Kalia and Gustav are beast-class crocodiles, then this submarine-shaped crocodile must be called a prehistoric behemoth.

Recently, “Daily Star” reporters and “Travel Notes” tour guides encountered a super huge crocodile on the shore of Lake Victoria in Tanzania and Uganda.

Recently, “Daily Star” reporters and “Travel Notes” tour guides encountered a super huge crocodile on the shore of Lake Victoria in Tanzania and Uganda.

The person involved described it as black, and its skin reflected lighter than silver under the sun. It looked like a huge submarine, swimming by the cruise ship, and dived into the water as soon as it raised its head.

The person involved described it as black, and its skin reflected lighter than silver under the sun. It looked like a huge submarine, swimming by the cruise ship, and dived into the water as soon as it raised its head.

According to reporters, their body length is the same as that of the large hull boat they ride, about 10-2. According to local guides, they are estimated to be more than 2,000 kilograms. Except for its huge size, its entire skin feels like black iron; locals say it is so big. The crocodile is really rare. Its lifespan must be at least 50 years. If you let it live for 70 years, you don’t know how old it can grow.

According to reporters, their body length is the same as that of the large hull boat they ride, about 10-2. According to local guides, they are estimated to be more than 2,000 kilograms. Except for its huge size, its entire skin feels like black iron; locals say it is so big. The crocodile is really rare. Its lifespan must be at least 50 years. If you let it live for 70 years, you don’t know how old it can grow.

Of course, it is not the largest crocodile. According to information and archaeological experts, the real super giant crocodile is called Prussian crocodile. It can grow to a maximum of 14 meters and weigh up to 8 tons; even an ordinary individual can grow to a body length of 11.5 meters, weighing more than 5.5 tons, and has almost no rivals on land.

Of course, it is not the largest crocodile. According to information and archaeological experts, the real super giant crocodile is called Prussian crocodile. It can grow to a maximum of 14 meters and weigh up to 8 tons; even an ordinary individual can grow to a body length of 11.5 meters, weighing more than 5.5 tons, and has almost no rivals on land.

First, it is necessary to consider the operating principle of Shkval. When an object moves in the water, it will create bubbles around it due to its motion, which is the phenomenon of cavitation in nature. The super-cavity is a more special case, when a large air bubble appears and covers the entire object, then the object will almost fly in the air due to the maximum elimination of friction. This is the principle applied on the VA-111 Shkval super-fast torpedo. The VA-111 Shkval was researched in the 1960s as a specialized weapon for attack submarines to fight nuclear submarines and enemy surface ships. On November 29, 1977, the VA-111 Shkval super-cavity torpedo was officially accepted into service in the combat component of the Soviet Navy. Shkval torpedo uses a solid fuel engine, the head is fitted with a special cavity-forming device. It is a thick elliptical piece of metal that is sharpened with an angle of inclination to the longitudinal axis, with a circular cross-section to create an angle of elevation. In fact, a foam generator is not enough, so the torpedo head adds foaming air ducts, the bubbles are generated by a gas booster. This allows to increase the volume of air bubbles and create bubbles that cover the entire torpedo body. The Shkval super-cavity torpedo has a speed of 93 km/h out of the launch tube and up to over 360 km/h when the engine is at full capacity, twice as fast as conventional torpedoes. The warhead of the VA-111 has a weight of 210 kg, enough to break a 10,000-ton destroyer in two with a single shot. However, it should be added that besides the advantages, the VA-111 also has deadly disadvantages, making its use in combat must be carefully considered. Firstly, Shkval’s range is too short, reaching a maximum of only 6,858 m, forcing the submarine to be close to the enemy to be able to strike. This is extremely dangerous because modern warships all have advanced sonar navigation systems and extremely powerful anti-submarine weapons. Second, it is the super-cavity technology that creates superior speed that makes the torpedo unable to establish two-way communication, when the radio signal is blocked from the outside, unable to penetrate the air bubbles. The torpedo relies on estimating target coordinates prior to launch, and its maneuverability is also extremely poor, as a sharp turn would break the supercavity bubble. Third, the secrecy of the Shkval torpedo is completely absent, because it creates extremely loud noises and forms a line of bubbles floating on the water that is easy to observe. Finally, the unit price of the Shkval torpedo is said to be significantly higher than the older generation types, while the advantages are not yet outstanding. For the above reasons, guided torpedoes such as TEST-71 or Type 53-65 combined with Kalibr cruise missiles will give modern submarines a higher combat capability, especially without tethering. it faces dangerous situations like when carrying the VA-111 Shkval. Currently, Russia announced that it has initially successfully tested the Shkval 2.0 variant with a longer range and controllability. If the above weapon is soon completed, it will really be able to replace the products of the old generation.

The move comes nearly two months after the submarine KRI Nanggala sank off the island of Bali during training and China increased its activity near the Natunas. According to analysts, the frigate deal with Italy highlights Jakarta’s concerns after being “intruded into its territorial waters” by Beijing’s ships. An Indonesian navy ship leaves to rescue the sunken submarine Kri Nanggala. Photo: Xinhua News Agency SCMP cited a leaked document revealing that the Indonesian Defense Ministry is expected to propose a budget of 124 billion USD, to be divided over 5 years. This is three times more than five years earlier ($38.8 billion). At the same time, the website of Fincantieri Shipbuilding Company (Italy) confirmed that Jakarta has signed a contract to buy 6 new FREMM multi-purpose frigates and 2 used Italian MaStrale frigates. The two MaStrale ships will be delivered after the Italian navy retires them. “The agreement underscores the importance of strengthening cooperation between the two countries in the strategic Pacific region,” Fincantieri said. “The destroyer agreement shows that European countries are increasing their engagement in the Indo-Pacific region,” said Muhamad Haripin, a researcher at the Political Research Center of the Indonesian Academy of Sciences. European countries increasingly respond to the foreign policies of US President Joe Biden, against the rise of China in the region. According to Mr. Haripin, Indonesia is in need of more patrol boats to monitor the 54,000 km long coastline and vast waters. “Indonesia is concerned about China’s growing assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific region. It realizes that the rivalry between China and the US can affect regional stability but does not want to interfere. attend directly,” said Mr. Haripin. China claims to have fishing rights in the North Natuna waters and sends fishing boats and coast guard to the area, but Indonesia objected.

Ekaterinburg submarine of the Russian Navy. Photo: TASS Business Insider (USA) reported that the Delta-IV class submarine Ekaterinburg has spent nearly 2 years waiting at the port in Severodvinsk. Ekaterinburg’s decommissioning also marks the “final chapter” of the Delta class that has been the mainstay of the Soviet and Russian fleets of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines for decades. It is expected that Delta-class submarines will be replaced by advanced Borei-class ships. Delta IV class submarines are part of a group of 43 ballistic missile nuclear submarines with the first being launched in the early 70s of the last century. There are seven Delta IV submarines in service with the Russian Navy. Among them is the Podmoskovye which in 2016 was converted into a Special Mission submarine dedicated to intelligence missions. It is known that Ekaterinburg is the second ship of the Delta-IV class to be produced, built in 1985. On August 6, 1989, during Operation Behemoth, the Ekaterinburg submarine tested 16 R-29RM Shtil ballistic missiles. while in diving mode. The first launch was successful, but a fuel leak in the rocket during the second launch halted the test. The Ekaterinburg was fortunately unharmed. Not stopping there, in 2011, a serious fire occurred on the Ekaterinburg ship. The ship then had to undergo a three-year repair process.

Russia has developed a project to build a patrol boat capable of diving. Such a ship combines the main features and advantages of a submarine and a surface patrol vessel. The project is intended for export and is supposed to attract the interest of less affluent countries looking to upgrade their fleets. In mid-April 2021, Rubin Design Studio unveiled a new project. They provide background information about an unusual idea, upcoming implementation, and expected results. In addition, this design studio also shows a hologram of a patrol boat with submarine features. The new export-oriented project is named ‘Sentinel’ in Russian, with the English designation chosen as ‘Border and Offshore Submersible Sentry’ or ‘BOSS’ . Sentinel will most likely be marketed as ‘BOSS’ in the international market. The project developers note that modern patrol boats are relatively cheap – and due to their low cost, they attract the attention of poor countries. The main goal of such ships is to be able to prevent poaching and illegal fishing. “Project Sentinel proposes the construction of a ship capable of operating on water or under water. It is claimed that such a ship in a position on the water will be able to carry out official patrols, locate and arrest violators,” said Viktor Murahovsky, editor-in-chief of the magazine’ Homeland Arsenal’, said. “The underwater location is intended for covert surveillance of intruders, reconnaissance and even to avoid adverse weather conditions.” According to him, this is the first version of the diving patrol boat. In the future, the model can be modified to suit the wishes of foreign customers. The official image shows a ship that has the appearance of a submarine but has some uncharacteristic features of a submarine. The Sentinel had an elongated hull with a flat deck on which a limited-sized superstructure was placed. At the bow of the ship, the shield of the hydroacoustic complex antenna can be seen. On either side, forward of the superstructure control tower, there are extendable horizontal rudders. At the stern of the ship there is a compartment for storing motorboats that are brought on deck. As expected, the architecture and main dimensions of the ‘Sentinel’ are similar to the diesel-electric submarines designed under the old ‘Project 613’. This is a major project in the history of the Russian Navy and is very popular with foreign customers. Depending on configuration, ‘BOSS’ ships can be up to 60-70 meters in length and displace around 1,000 tons – approximately the size of an average 613 submarine. The full composition of the ship’s special systems and equipment is not specified. But this semi-submersible patrol boat is capable of carrying weapons of all kinds. It can be equipped with a small artillery complex, a missile system or torpedoes. For reconnaissance and inspection of other ships, the ship will be able to carry UAVs and motorboats. Sentinel can accommodate up to 42 people. This includes crew members, ship operators, and inspection teams responsible for dealing with violators. “The development of the Sentinel project is to meet the current requirements of the international market. Many countries are expressing interest in patrol boats. Thanks to the Sentinel project, Russian industry was able to gain a new position in the international market,” said expert Murahovsky.

According to experts, Kazan is a fully domestically built submarine and is superior to foreign nuclear-powered ships in terms of technical characteristics. In the future, submarines can receive the modern Zircon hypersonic missile complex. Technically completely new project In recent years, the Kazan nuclear submarine has passed tests in the White Sea, and achieved the published technical indicators. In particular, the crew conducted submarine warfare tests at positions on the water surface and underwater, measured technical parameters, in which the noise level when moving underwater and the attack weapon system. . The Kazan nuclear submarine officially entered service with the Russian Navy. The Kazan nuclear submarine was built in 2009, but the time of delivery to the Russian Navy has been delayed several times. In response to RT.ru, Editor-in-Chief of the Defense Journal Igor Korotchenko explained that the delay was due to the need to test a large number of new technical solutions integrated into the project 885M nuclear submarine. According to experts, the construction and testing of a lead submarine of an improved or new project is always a long process and goes through many complicated stages. In addition, for the domestic shipbuilding industry and the Russian Ministry of Defense, the improvement of nuclear-powered submarines is to a state that allows the performance of effective combat missions on a large scale of the oceans. Positive is an urgent priority today. Meanwhile, the founder of the Russian military information site Dmitry Kornev said that delaying the commissioning of the Kazan submarine is completely reasonable. He explained the difficulties caused by a large amount of research and development work, along with the establishment of a large-scale industrial co-production system. “The Yasen-class nuclear submarine is a completely new and technically challenging project for our industry. The real partnership mechanism was created from the very beginning, with hundreds of businesses from many different industries. It took a lot of time to find contractors and fine-tune the delivery mechanism. Russia has also abandoned the use of imported components,” said expert Kornev. 4th generation nuclear submarine Kazan is a lead nuclear submarine of the fourth generation of project 885M (Yasen class), developed by the Malakhit Marine Design Bureau (Saint Petersburg). The construction of this nuclear submarine is carried out at the facilities of JSC PO Sevmash (Severodvinsk). The Kazan Multi-Purpose Nuclear Submarine is designed to destroy enemy surface ships, submarines, transport vehicles and ground targets. The submarine is equipped with eight vertical launch tubes, salvo-type launchers for Kalibr and Onyx high-precision cruise missiles, with ranges of up to 1,500 and 300 km. The Kazan nuclear submarine was developed by the Malakhit Marine Design Bureau. According to the developer, these weapons can engage highly protected, grouped targets, including those equipped with anti-missile defense systems. In addition, the attack weapon of the project 885/885M nuclear submarine is also equipped with 30 533 mm caliber torpedoes. The main operational characteristics of the Kazan and Yasen-class ships have not yet been revealed. However, according to experts, this modernized nuclear submarine is similar to the Project 885 Severodvinsk submarine, which entered service with the Northern Fleet in June 2014 in weight, size, and weapons. work, construction characteristics and speed. Analysts say the difference is mainly related to onboard equipment, including electronics and sonar equipment. The length of the Yasen-class submarine is about 139 m, the width is about 13 m, the draft is 10 m, the displacement is about 8,600 tons, underwater up to 13,800 tons. The ship is capable of independent operation for 100 days. The multi-purpose submarine can dive to a depth of 600 m and reach a speed of 57.4 km / h underwater. According to a report by the Malakhit Maritime Design Bureau, this project 885 nuclear submarine has a mixed architecture and structure with a sturdy double-hull structure, made of high-strength steel. Expert Dmitry Kornev explained that the engineers of the Malakhit Marine Design Bureau considered a two-hull scheme for the production of nuclear submarines. The two-body scheme is resistant to mechanical damage, but is more expensive and has a relatively high noise level. Accordingly, a reasonable solution was found at Yasen when the two hulls together covered the bow of the submarine and the structural elements near the launch pad, i.e. the parts that bear the greatest load. The hull of project 885/885M is divided by strong bulkheads into 8 compartments, including: main bridge, torpedo compartment, living quarters, electromechanical, missile, reactor, turbine and auxiliary compartment. aid. “To create optimal conditions for the operation of the hydroacoustic complex, the torpedo tubes were removed from the bow and placed at an angle to the center plane. A large diameter GAK (hydroacoustic complex) spherical antenna is located at the end of the bow,” the Malakhit Maritime Design Bureau report states. The quality of the sonar equipment plays an extremely important role in the performance of the assigned tasks of nuclear submarines in the vast range of the ocean. Yesen submarine hydroacoustic complex system is used to detect enemies, classify targets, find interference direction, measure ice thickness, detect mines and torpedoes, search for ice holes to fly up and launch. safe rocket. Also according to the developer, the main power unit of the project 885/885M nuclear submarines belongs to the new generation. It consists of a pressurized water reactor and a modular single-shaft steam turbine unit, with various mechanisms and redundancies, capable of reducing the acoustic parameters of the submarine. Another technical innovation in Yasen-class submarines is a rescue chamber designed to evacuate the entire crew. This equipment is improved by domestic experts, taking into account the experience of domestic and foreign submarine accidents and incidents. The main nuclear submarine of the Russian Navy According to the Russian Ministry of Defense, the project 885M submarines “will become an important part of the offensive power” of the Russian Navy and will be able to effectively operate as part of a strike group at any distance. any way compared to the base points. The crew of the project 885M Kazan nuclear submarine. Photo: Russian Ministry of Defense. “In the Yasen-M class nuclear submarine project, a number of technical solutions were used that were not previously used in domestic submarine construction. The basic components of the electronic weapon complexes, modernized equipment and rescue systems are exclusively Russian products,” the Russian military agency said. In the immediate future, the nuclear-powered submarines of Project 885M will become the main multi-purpose nuclear submarine of the Russian Navy. Currently, seven such submarines are under construction, including Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Arkhangelsk, Perm, Ulyanovsk, Voronezh and Vladivostok. Experts expect that the construction and testing of these submarines will not take much time, as the verification of technical solutions and the building of cooperative relationships have been successfully completed during construction. Kazan nuclear submarine. “The official transfer of Kazan to the navy allows us to conclude that the main difficulties for the implementation of the plans for the Yasen-M project have been overcome. This is a modern, fully Russian nuclear submarine. It is superior to all existing nuclear submarines abroad in terms of overall capabilities”, emphasized expert Kornev. This expert believes that putting project 885M submarines into service will significantly improve the combat capabilities of the Russian Navy. Accordingly, in the future the Yasen-M nuclear submarine will receive Zircon hypersonic missiles in its arsenal. Currently, this weapon is still being tested. Expert Igor Korotchenko said that the appearance of nuclear-powered ships of project 885M will increase the offensive and defensive capabilities of the Russian Navy. Yasen-class submarines will significantly strengthen the position of the Russian Navy, allowing a more efficient and high-quality implementation of the assigned tasks. “With the introduction of new nuclear submarines, the Russian Navy will receive a significant increase in submarine nuclear deterrence,” concluded Korotchenko.

USS San Francisco was one of the first Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarines of the United States, built in 1972 and commissioned on April 24, 1981. It is also the quietest submarine in the US Navy. The bow part of the ship was crushed after hitting a mountain. Photo: National Interest USS San Francisco has a displacement of 6,900 tons when submerged, 110 meters long and 10 meters wide. The train is equipped with a General Electric PWR S6G nuclear reactor with a capacity of 35,000 horsepower, helping it to move at a maximum speed of 61km / h. According to the National Interest, the accident occurred with the Los Angeles-class submarine USS San Francisco (SSN-711), on January 8, 2005. At the time of the collision, the ship was near Guam conducting training and preparing to sail to Australia. At that time, the ship was diving at a depth of 160m and moving at a great speed, more than 48km / h. The impact was very strong. The sailors present in the dining room were thrown into the air. In a 60-minute interview, Brian Barnes, a submariner, recalled: “I just saw people lying everywhere. Glass was broken, dishes were splattered, sailors groaned from their injuries, screamed.” The bow of the USS San Francisco was severely damaged, 30m of the front hull was flattened and exposed to the sea. Water flooded the submarine. The urgent task at that time was to urgently pump compressed air into the ballast tanks of the submarine to help the ship float to the surface. The USS San Francisco has a total of 127 crew members. The collision left 98 people injured and many of them were unable to continue operating the ship. Sailor Joseph Allen Ashley was wounded in the head and later died. Another sailor broke both arms but still managed to open the submarine’s air valve to fill the ballast tanks. Danny Hager, who monitors the submarine’s depth gauge, had a terrifying experience after the valves were opened. “I told everyone that the ship was at a depth of 160m. And I kept waiting, 5 seconds, 10 seconds passed and so on I don’t know how much longer, the ship was still at a depth of 160m. The atmosphere is very calm because everyone is waiting for me to announce that we are preparing to come up.” The problem was that the ballast tanks at the front were broken in the collision. The air escapes to the outside. 60 seconds passed and the ship remained unchanged in depth. Fortunately, the aft part of the submarine began to point upwards as the ballast tanks at the aft were filled with compressed air. Danny Hager now feels less worried: “It feels really relieved when I announce the ship has risen to a depth of more than 152m”. Finally, the USS San Francisco also surfaced, but the journey home is still quite far. Fortunately, the nuclear reactor was not damaged in the impact. The crew steered the ship back at a speed of 16km/h and so to return to Guam, it took the ship 52 hours. Unexpected causes Despite its immense firepower and nuclear propulsion, the USS San Francisco, like all submarines, relies on charts providing data on the topography of the seabed. After the investigation, the US Navy found that the submarine used old charts that did not mention the submarine mountain range in the area of ​​​​the ship’s operation. Meanwhile, other maps warn about this mountain range. The charts used by the crew of San Francisco were provided by the Defense Mapping Agency in 1989. By 2008, a study by the University of Massachusetts showed that images obtained from the Landsat satellite showed An underground mountain range more than 30m above the seabed in the area. However, the US Navy did not update this information to the chart. During the repair, the bow of the USS San Francisco was removed and replaced with the bow of the submarine USS Honolulu, which was about to be decommissioned. USS San Francisco rejoined the fleet in 2009 and served for another seven years. It was later converted into a training submarine. Ship commander Kevin Mooney was reprimanded for this unfortunate accident. Several sailors received medals for their brave actions when the ship was in distress. Only the sailor who died Ashley is inscribed at the Navy Memorial in Washington DC So how could the ship survive the high-speed crash into the underground mountains? In 1963, after the sinking of the submarine USS Thresher, the US Navy established the SUBSAFE program. The goal of this program is to ensure that the hull will remain pressurized in the event of an accident and that it can float. This program makes keeping nuclear reactors safe and making them recover from accidents a top priority. If the ship can surface and the nuclear reactor continues to operate, the crew will have a good chance of survival. USS San Francisco has ensured those conditions. Thus, the fact that the USS San Francisco can “survive the accident” is the result of the dedication and relentless research efforts of the US submarine force.

Russian submarine of the Lada class. (Source: Sputnik) According to the author, the Lada submarine’s hull is teardrop-shaped, aerodynamically, this helps to avoid turbulence and makes almost no noise. Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells that generate electricity for the propellers also play an important role in enhancing the submarine’s noise-cancelling properties. Although there is a diesel generator, but like other diesel electric submarines, in the Lada class, electricity is also generated through a chemical reaction, which helps to reduce engine noise. Currently, Russia is building two types of diesel-electric submarines, class 636.3 (Varshavyanka) and class 677 (Lada). The Varshavyanka class was created on the basis of the 877 Paltus class of the former Soviet Union. The Black Sea Fleet has already received six of these ships, and by 2024, a batch of six submarines will be delivered to the Pacific Fleet. Earlier, General Director of Admiralteyskie Verf shipyard Alexander Buzakov said that the first two mass-produced diesel electric submarines of the fourth generation of the 677 Lada class will be equipped with Kalibr cruise missiles. The Kronstadt and Velikie Luki submarines, the second and third of the project 677, are scheduled to be delivered to the Russian Navy next year. The Saint Petersburg submarine – armed only with mines and mines, joined the Russian fleet in 2010. (according to The National Interest)

The design of a patrol boat capable of diving under water in the Sentinel project. Photo: TASS This is an affordable submarine for countries with a modest defense budget. The new ship combines the features and advantages of submarines with surface patrol boats. This export-specific project, is expected to attract the attention of smaller countries looking to upgrade their fleets. The purpose of the project “BOSS” In mid-April 2021, the Rubin Central Marine Technical Design Bureau unveiled a new project. The agency provided background information on the project to build a special patrol boat, its progress and expected results. Along with that, is a three-dimensional image of a patrol ship with submarine features. The project dedicated to export is called “Sentinel” in Russian, and the English name is “BOSS (short for Border and Offshore Submersible Sentry). The Sentinel will most likely be marketed on the national market as “BOSS”. The cost of modern patrol boats is relatively low, making them suitable for countries with small budgets, project developers note. The aim of these ships is to prevent poaching and illegal fishing. In addition, they can also be used as security ships, lifeboats or for research purposes. Viktor Murahovsk – editor-in-chief of Homeland Arsenal magazine said: “The Sentinel project proposes building a ship capable of operating both above and below the water. When operating on water, it can patrol, identify and arrest offenders. When operating under water, it will secretly spy on intruders, scout and avoid bad weather while on mission. According to Viktor Murahovsky, the first version of the patrol diving boat will have the above characteristics, in the future they will be modified to meet the needs of foreign customers. Technical characteristics Officially released photos show that this ship takes the form of a submarine but has some properties that are not typical of those operating under water. The Sentinel has a rather long hull with a flat deck, on deck there is a cockpit with a limited size. In the bow is equipped with hydrophonic complex antenna. The ship has a conical control tower with horizontal rudders. At the stern, there was a compartment for the motorboats of the patrol teams. According to published information, in terms of architecture and size, the ship resembles the project 613 diesel-electric submarines built in the 1950s. It is the largest project in the history of the Russian Navy and is foreign customers are very popular. Depending on configuration, the Sentinel patrol boat will be 60 to 70 meters in length, displacing about 1,000 tons. The full details of the ship’s special systems and equipment are not yet clear. However, this patrol ship is believed to be able to carry weapons such as torpedoes, missile systems, and small caliber artillery platforms. To perform patrol and surveillance tasks, the ship will be equipped with unmanned aircraft (UAV) capable of flying for many hours continuously and canoe. A crew of 42 people, including a patrol team, is responsible for handling violators. Advantage over foreign competitors Expert Viktor Murahovsk said: “The development of the Sentinel project is aimed at meeting the current needs of the international market. Many countries are paying special attention to patrol boats. Thanks to this project, the Russian defense industry can gain a new position in the international market ”. To win against foreign competitors, the new patrol ship must have certain advantages, outperforming its competitors. One of the Sentinel’s advantages is to abandon the traditional form of a surface ship to a combination of a patrol boat and a submarine. “With the basic functionality of surface ships, the Sentinel can patrol and arrest violators just like other patrol boats. In addition, due to its built-in weaponry, it can provide the necessary combat capabilities, meeting the requirements for surface ships. On the other hand, diving will help the ship be stealthy and perform missions below the water, as well as provide other advantages, ”concluded Viktor Murahovsk. Most importantly, the Sentinel is not a specialized train, but a multi-purpose ship. Its equipment and weapons will be determined by the customer, depending on their needs. In the Sentinel project there are both simply minimally equipped patrol boats and state-of-the-art “powerful hunters” capable of destroying underwater and surface targets. Flexibility in using this vessel type can be an important competitive advantage.

Submarine sailors have a particularly unusual life for ordinary people to imagine. According to Business Insider, American submarine sailors are usually deployed underwater for three months. Those chosen must ensure not only the requirements of technical capacity but also a strong mentality to be able to live underwater for many months. The sailors’ first task after submarines submerged was to ensure there were no leaks on board. After the submarine completely submerged, sailors’ lives took place according to the 18-hour schedule, divided into 3 shifts, each 6-hour shift includes 1 sleep shift, 1 watch shift and 1 shift. recreational activities, relaxation. The rest of the day sailors spent on eating and drinking. Due to the enclosed space, lack of natural light, sailors have difficulty in sensing the passage of time. To them, the time on the submarine seemed to “freeze”. According to a sailor, they basically perceive the time of day according to the type of food they are eating. If they’re getting pancakes, you know it’s morning and if they have leftovers, they know it’s midnight. Sometimes there is not enough bed for sailors on a submarine. Therefore, there will be temporary beds placed in the torpedo room. An actual bed inside the submarine is often called amusing a “coffin” because the space is extremely cramped. Every space on the submarine is practically cramped. The hallway that only has 1 person to walk is no exception. Bathrooms are arranged on a minimum on the submarine. Sometimes 40 sailors have to share 1 bathroom. The shower should also be very small to save space for other important parts of the submarine. However, the kitchen area on a submarine has relative priority in terms of area. Fresh foods usually go away within a few weeks. The rest of the time, the sailors will eat canned or processed food. Without windows, sonar technology was the “eye and ear” of sailors. Although the submarine is cramped, it still has a gym to help the sailors stay in shape. After weeks of living inside the submarine, sailors may have the opportunity to swim, sunbathe, absorb some Vitamin D …

German Type -212A non-nuclear submarines can make a wide range of missions, from anti-submarine warfare to anti-ship combat; assists special forces in surveillance and reconnaissance operations. Until now, Type-212A nicknamed “F-22 under the ocean” is the most modern and most powerful non-nuclear submarine in the world, they outperform the submarines in the same segment manufactured by other countries. create. The power of Type-212A submarines comes from three factors, the first is the stable operation and does not emit noise that makes them almost “invisible” under the ocean, second they are equipped with electrical equipment. modern death and finally a powerful arsenal. In the early 1990s, the German Navy sought a new submarine based on the improved Type 209 design, using an air-dependent propulsion (AIP) engine. The program officially began in 1994, when the German and Italian navies jointly developed a new conventional submarine, operating in the shallow waters of the Baltic Sea and the deeper waters of the Mediterranean. The two rather different requirements of the two countries were finally reconciled in a new design, eventually the new submarine with the Type-212A designation was officially born. On April 22, 1996, a memorandum of understanding kicked off the cooperation of building four identical ships to facilitate logistics and operations. In 1998, the German Government placed an order for the construction of four Type-212As at Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) and Thyssen Nordseewerke GmbH (TNSW) of Emden. That same year, the Italian Government also ordered two submarines of this type. The German Navy ordered two additional refurbished submarines in 2006, delivered since 2012. These two are longer than 1.2 meters to allow more space for a new reconnaissance mast. In 2008, the Italian Navy ordered a second batch of submarines with similar configurations to the original ones. Some of the upgrades involve materials and software packages to reduce maintenance costs. In 2015, Italy announced plans to build two more. The Type-212A is a diesel-electric submarine that uses an AIP air-independent propulsion system, the first to be added to a Siemens proton-exchange membrane compression hydrogen fuel cell. It can travel at high speeds on diesel power or switch to the AIP system for slow and silent diving, and can stay underwater for up to three weeks, with little heat generation. When using AIP engines, they produce very low noise and diving times can be up to 3 consecutive weeks, far exceeding the maximum diving time of the Russian Kilo 636 or French Scorpene submarines. The drivetrain is also said to be vibrating, extremely quiet, and almost undetectable. Type 212A is approximately 57.2 m long and 6.4 m high; ships with diesel engine 1 MTU 16V 396; has a displacement of 1,524 tons when floating and 1,830 tons when diving; reaching speeds of 22 km / h when floating and 37 km / h when diving, a range of 15,000 km (at speed of 15 km / h); can dive for up to 12 weeks if using a snorkel; crew of 27 members. The tail is arranged with the letter “X” to help the ship rotate quite quickly under the ocean. Another notable design feature is the cross-section of the prismatic hull and a smooth transition from the hull to the sail, improving the stealth of the ship. The ship and its interior structures are made of non-magnetic materials, greatly reducing its chances of being detected by a navy’s magnetometer or magnetic mine. In addition, Type -212A is constructed from non-magnetic steel making it completely invisible to magnetic detectors (MAD) mounted on submarines, hunting aircraft and hunting helicopters. In other words, Type-212A submarines are completely immune to MAD equipment of the US, NATO or Russia. In tests, they can dive to a depth of 700 meters. With these features, the Type 212 outperforms the Russian Kilo 636 black hole or other Western ships of the same class. Weapons on the Type-212A submarine include 8 533 mm torpedo tubes. The catapult that can fire the optical fiber guided torpedo is DM2A4 together with the Blackshark torpedo. This torpedo has a range of 50 km, a top speed of 92.6 km / h. Future possibilities may be integrated cruise missiles The Type-212A is also equipped with an IDAS low-to-air missile system to combat low-range airborne threats. Short-range IDAS missiles (based on IRIS-T missiles) are primarily used to counter air threats as well as sea or land-based, or small, targets, developed by Diehl BGT Defense to fired from the Type 212A’s torpedo tubes. The IDAS is fiber-guided and has a range of about 20 km. A 30 mm automatic cannon called the Muräne to aid divers’ operations or to fire warning is also under consideration for an addition to the Type-212A submarine. The cannon, which could be a version of the RMK30 built by Rheinmetall, will be housed in a retractable mast that can be fired without the ship having to float. With a special design, it can operate in water depths only 17m and has 3 launchers for 3UAV reconnaissance. That allows it to get close to shore that no other submarine has been able to do yet. In the near future, Germany is planning to bring a longer range cruise missile to the Type 212A submarines.

Fragments from the submarine were found during a search operation. When the submarine of the Indonesian navy carried 53 divers into the Bali Sea during a periodic training exercise, it may have been pulled into the abyss by an invisible but powerful force. Indonesian naval officials suspect an inner wave, known to have occurred in the waters around Bali, could have caused the sinking of the KRI Nanggala 402. (According to Britannian Dictionary: Side Wave) in, a kind of gravity wave that occurs on internal “surfaces” in ocean waters). The KRI Nanggala 402 sank to a depth of 838 meters, far beyond the reach of the rescuers. As the crew members’ personal belongings surfaced and the ship’s oxygen supplies dwindled, officials said there was no possibility of anyone surviving. The question remains: What happened? Many theories have been put forward but the authorities say there is evidence that an underwater wave – which could induce a vertical tensile force below sea level – occurred in the Bali Sea around the time. The submarine disappeared last Wednesday morning. The Lombok Strait between the islands of Bali and Lombok is believed to be famous for its violent underground waves on an almost bi-weekly basis. NASA, the US space regulator, says the combination of strong tidal currents, rough ocean floor and water exchange between two channels – one shallow and one deep – “tends to combine around 14. once a day for exceptionally strong tidal currents. Indonesian naval officials believe this natural phenomenon is more likely to be the explanation for the submarine disaster than other theories have been put forward in recent days. The waves inside are barely discernible on the ocean’s surface, but underwater, they can reach towering heights. The waves inside can look like ripples on the ocean’s surface, like this satellite image taken by NASA in 2013. (Wikimedia Commons: NASA) Rear Admiral Muhammad Ali, former commander of the KRI Nanggala 402, and now the Indonesian navy planning and budgeting assistant, said an internal wave was essentially “a strong electric current that can pull a submarine. vertically so it will sink faster than usual. ” “Our suspicions were directed towards natural conditions. Because an undercurrent appeared at that time in the north of Bali,” he told Indonesian media. Naval officials said images from Japan’s Himawari 8 satellite, as well as Europe’s Sentinel satellite, showed massive underwater waves coinciding with the sinking of the KRI Nanggala 402. . “It moves from the bottom to the north and there is a groove between the two waves,” said Rear Adm. Iwan Isnurwanto, Commander of the Indonesian Navy Command and General Staff School. “The wave speed is about two knots and the amount of water is about two to four million cubic liters.” Admiral Iwan explained that an inner wave could render the crew powerless in the face of nature. “Once the water swept along and pushed the ship down, what else could we do? There is no safety measure that can fix that.” Other theories about what happened to the submarine have also emerged. Some suggested that this submarine was hit by a missile from a foreign ship, or even lost power. But naval officials said the submarine was still trackable when it began diving for torpedo drills and “the lights were on” – meaning there was only a small chance of power outages. They also denied that the ship was overloaded, a theory that had 53 crew members on board but only 34 beds, instead arguing that the crew was divided into three shifts and took turns sleeping. “The submarine was originally for 33 staff members, then modernized to meet our need to have 50 staff on board,” said Admiral Iwan. Officials said the submarine was also designed to carry eight torpedoes – weighing about a ton each – but only four at the time of the disaster. Many other experts point out that metal fatigue due to cracking or corrosion and that the age of the parts is the more likely cause. KRI Nanggala 402 was built in 1978 and last overhauled in 2012, almost a decade ago.

The KRI Nanggala-402 submarine sinking tragedy of Indonesia, making the entire crew and commanding officers, in fact completely avoidable, if the country’s naval forces pay more attention to safety standards. ship operation. As a 40-year-old submarine, Indonesia’s KRI Nanggala-402 is likely to have had problems with improper maintenance. However, it is likely that this ship will not be salvaged, and the cause of the incident will forever be unraveled. There have been many similar submarine tragedies in the past, but the causes of these incidents are often unknown due to being classified as a state secret, or simply by submarines. was broken, it was impossible to determine the exact cause. In 2017, the ARA San Juan submarine of the Argentine Navy sank during a patrol off the waters of the country. The ship sank with all 44 crew on board, and all initial search attempts were unsuccessful. It was not until a year later that the San Juan was found in the South Atlantic. The reason for the shipwreck was simply described as “technical error”, the long search and the ship lying at a depth of up to 900 meters, which caused the ship to be completely destroyed. China also had a similar tragedy in 2003, when its diesel-electric submarine, number 361, sank with 70 crew members. The cause of the incident was not disclosed much by the Chinese media, some sources said that the submarine was functioning well, a fault in the ventilation system, causing the entire crew to suffocate. Due to the loss of the crew’s control, submarine 361, with all the crew and commanding officers, crashed into the sea floor. However, the official cause of the incident has never been made public by China. The most horrifying submarine tragedy in history, and best known, is that of the nuclear submarine Kursk, which occurred in August 2000. The Kursk nuclear submarine sank off the Barent waters, killing 118 crew and commanding officers. Russia then salvaged this submarine ashore, to find out the exact cause of the incident. Based on Russian evidence found after the Kursk was salvaged, it has been determined that 23 Russian sailors are still alive in the escape compartment after the bow explosion occurred. However, the Russian side, partly incapable of rescue, partly subjective, said that no one survived, so decided not to organize the rescue of people, but only tried to salvage the ship from the beginning. . Many comments also said that the Kursk submarine has a lot of military secrets, so the Russian side does not want to ask the West to participate in the process of rescuing people still trapped in the ship. Russia itself, knowing that there are still survivors inside the ship, does not have enough access to equipment, the only way is to ask the Western assistance. Another tragedy involving submarines built in the Soviet Union, which occurred in 1989, was the K-278 Komsomolets. Soviet nuclear submarines sank off the coast of Norway, still emitting extremely dangerous radioactivity. Unlike the aforementioned tragedies, the K-278 was in trouble due to the poorly operated crew of the ship, the ship was burnt in time and surfaced to evacuate, before sinking completely into the seabed. However, 42 out of 69 crew members died, of which most died from hypothermia after hours of soaking in the cold sea water, while others were killed by sinking with the ship in an attempt to save. living ship is sinking. Another terrible submarine accident involved the Soviet Union, the K-8 submarine tragedy that occurred on April 8, 1970. The K-8 submarine had a problem with 52 crew members on board, all killed. Initially, the K-8, after the incident, was able to float to the sea surface, the entire crew safely escaped. Then the tug of the Soviet Navy appeared, trying to tow the submarine back to the port. During the towing process, all 52 crew members returned to the submarine, into the operational position. On the way back to port, the K-8 submarine sank with all crew members, killing 52 people. The incident took place in the waters of Biscay. Photo source: BI. The Komsomolets submarines of the Soviet Navy are still emitting radioactivity in the seabed off the coast of Norway. Source: RT.

Submarine KRI Nanggala-402. Choking because of CO2 CNA quoted Mr. Clark – a naval expert – who used to be a submarine sailor – as CO2 accumulating in the KRI Nanggala-402 submarine can suffocate the crew even if they have not exhausted oxygen. “CO2 needs to be filtered out of the atmosphere with a chemical. But this chemical will soon run out. Oxygen can be produced by chemical candles. But CO2 will suffocate the crew before running out of oxygen. ” The power outage also affects the crew’s lifetime, Clark said. Electricity is needed to operate the CO2 absorber and the fan transfers air through the oxygen candle. The Indonesian lifeboat joins the search for the KRI Nanggala-402 submarine. Photo: AP Why the submarine lost power? Underwater submarines often depend on battery power, Clark said. And a breakdown in the battery compartment such as fire, explosion, flooding, etc. can cause a power failure. Meanwhile, Mr. Ben Ho – naval analyst said that a torpedo explosion could also cause the submarine to lose power. “Historically, major submarine accidents have often occurred due to technical problems or weapon explosions. Indonesian submarines went missing while torpedo shooting exercises. Maybe a torpedo exploded, ”said Mr. Ben Ho. Oil spills at the location where the submarine went down on the morning of April 21. Photo: AP Submarine locator If the submarine is intact, it can be “relatively easy” to be located using sensors, Clark said. Magnetic sensors, similar to mine detection systems, can detect the steel hull of a submarine. Sound sensors can show the sound from submarines. “But the area they need to look for is relatively large. The sensors can only be effective in a small area. Searching can take a long time. ” Mr. Ben Ho, meanwhile, said that even modern sonar equipment can hardly detect the wreck of a submarine if the seabed is rough. “The submarine’s nature is inherently difficult to detect. Submarine fleets are often referred to as silent soldiers, ”said Ho. If the submarine is truly trapped at a depth of 600 meters or less, the crew has a “near zero chance of survival,” said Ho. “The grim reality is that once the submarine exceeds its maximum depth, it will explode due to the enormous water pressure.” If this happens, the explosion will be picked up by a sensor in a nearby area, he added. Rescue process Once the submarine is found, Singapore’s MV Swift Rescue can begin its mission. MV Swift Rescue is the first ship in Southeast Asia capable of rescuing submarines. Singapore’s MV Swift Rescue train. Photo: Facebook The ship can operate at sea for four weeks before needing refueling. On board is a rescue cabin named Deep Search and Rescue Six (DSAR 6). Cabin is used to evacuate crew from submarines. However, Mr. Clark warned that the biggest challenge is the lying direction of the submarine in distress. “For example, if the submarine is on its side, the DSAR 6 will be difficult to reach.” Cabin DSAR 6. Photo: Facebook According to the naval news site Naval Technology DSAR 6 is 9.6m long and can reach a depth of 500m. It is operated by two crew members and can accommodate up to 17 people. When the DSAR 6 floats to the surface and is recovered by MV Swift Rescue, the submarine crew will be transferred to a recovery chamber for treatment. The cabin can accommodate up to 40 people. Singapore and Indonesia signed a cooperation agreement to assist with submarine rescue in 2012. The agreement allows the two countries to send resources and help each other if their submarines crash. The KRI Nanggala-402 submarine went missing on the morning of April 21 while participating in a torpedo drill near Bali. On board there are 53 people, including 49 sailors, a commander and three weapons specialists. The 1,395-ton KRI Nanggala-402 was built in Germany in 1977, and joined the Indonesian fleet in 1981. About 40 countries in the world have submarines, but only a few countries have the ability to rescue submarines.

Priz AS-28 was successfully rescued New chapter in rescue history In the military history of the United States, the rescue of the Sargo-class USS Squalus submarine of the US Navy has become a major event and also a lesson in operational deployment of submarines. The incident took place on the morning of May 23, 1939, the Sargo-class submarine USS Squalus with 59 crew members began their usual test dives off Portsmouth, New Hampshine, without knowing they were about to experience a disaster. USS Squalus was the new and best submarine of the US Navy at the time. The ship was launched in September 1937 and has undergone 18 successful trials. No one thought it would fail on the 19th test, because all the systems on board were still working fine. However, due to a technical error, the technician wrongly announced the coordinates of the submerged vessel up to 8km down. Squalus dives while the main air intake valve remains open, causing tons of seawater to enter the engine bay at the rear of the ship. The sailors on board were shocked to hear the news and rushed to find a way for the ship to float. They built flooded compartments and tried to close the air intake valves but failed, before putting compressed air into the ballast tanks to allow the ship to float. The Squalus is stable with the bow pointing upwards. However, when the sailor tried to prevent seawater from entering through the vent pipe, there was a tremendous increase in pressure. The sea water suddenly flooded the front compartments and the ship began to sink to the ocean floor due to the large amount of seawater. The incident caused 26 sailors at the back of the ship to be immediately killed by water, 33 men in front of the ship survived. The Squalus sank to the bottom with the bow pointing upward at an angle of about 11 degrees, lost power completely, was unable to communicate and was in waters with temperatures just above freezing. The Sculpin was then dispatched to the Squalus’ coordinates on the last contact, but did not detect any signs of disaster such as debris or oil spills. No one aboard the Sculpin knew that they were 8km away from where the submarine was sunk. Meanwhile, the surviving sailors aboard the Squalus try to send out a call for help. Captain Naquin quickly ordered the release of a floating buoy attached to the cable and left a phone inside with the words “submarine sinks here, there is a telephone inside”. The crew constantly fired smoke bullets out, as well as pumped oil through the toilet so that the rescue team could detect smoke and oil spills in the sea. A sailor aboard Sculpin detected a streak of smoke rising into the sky and reported to the captain. The Sclupine arrives, finds the beacon and cell phone and communicates with the Squalus ship. That night, the US Navy deployed several ships anchored around the search area and turned on the headlights on the sea surface, while the crew on the Sclupine submarine tried to get close to the Squalus. The Squalus submarine salvage was rejected because it was too dangerous and risky. The rescuers had only two options: to transfer diving equipment to sailors to float to the surface, or to use a rescue cocoon from above, but this equipment had not been verified. The first option was canceled because when the sailors exited the submarine, it was very susceptible to cold and high pressure under the sea. The next day, the divers used the rescue cocoon. They performed four rescues with the last man on the surface at midnight May 25. This rescue campaign opened up a new chapter in the history of underwater rescue. Difficult to save because of “invisibility” Military submarines are originally designed to travel undetected under the ocean. Except when there is a need to contact headquarters, the ship will not transmit any signal. Meanwhile, the submarine detector is only really effective when finding a ship that is “in the middle of the sea or floating on the surface”. In fact, the submarine’s submarine stealth is a double-edged sword. With each passing hour, the hopes of saving the ship became less and less. Sailors will have to reduce their activity and move to reduce their oxygen consumption while they wait to be rescued. Although they have been trained in emergency self-rescue, their chances of survival depend on the depth of the ship. On August 5, 2005, the Russian submarine Priz AS-28 and its crew of seven were trapped at a depth of 190 meters below sea level after the propeller was caught on an undersea cable. The sailors were trapped in darkness on the cold ship and the oxygen supply dropped. This accident has attracted much attention because it happened just five years after the sinking of the nuclear submarine Kursk (in 2000), killing all 118 sailors. The Russian government immediately requested US and UK assistance; at the same time to plan to rescue the ship. The first was the scheme to detonate the anchor system of the Russian surveillance antenna system installed under the sea (weighing 60 tons), but was rejected because it was not feasible. By the end of August 6, the command decided to hook the cable to the ship, tow the ship up close to the water surface so that the crew could rescue the sailors. But this plan also failed. On the night of August 6, the race against time reached its peak because the oxygen in the train was only able to endure until August 7. The British Super Scorpio 45 unmanned submersible has entered the game. According to commander Jonty Powis, an expert on British submarine rescue and rescue, the campaign went smoothly. The ship has successfully severed the cables that are clutching the Priz submarine. Commander Powis praised the Russian government’s openness to allow rescue parties to intervene in the area that was once one of the most secretive parts of the Soviet Union before. After just 3 days of being stranded under the sea, the ship finally emerged. All 7 crew members are healthy. Although suffering from the cold and the oxygen in the ship was gradually running out, when rescued, sailors were able to open the submarine’s cover and move to the lifeboat without assistance. According to the examination results at the hospital, the health of all 7 people was still normal and did not need any special treatment. This shows that the crew responded very professionally to the extremely strict situation in the ship stranded at a depth of 190 meters under the sea. They wore insulation to keep their bodies warm, maximized energy savings by only intermittent contact with the mainland and tried to stay calm so as not to lose the meager oxygen on board.

The Indonesian navy KRI Nanggala-402 went missing on Wednesday. Alex Widojo / Anadolu Agency / Getty Images The search for a missing Indonesian Navy submarine has been going on for days, and time is running out, hopes seem to have faded. “The submarines are designed to be hard to detect, this is a problem that can happen when one sinks,” said Bryan Clark, a former US Navy submarine officer. Submarines are built to penetrate enemy waters, engage and engage enemy navies, shoot at ground targets with cruise and ballistic missiles, and even deliver force. amount secretly entering enemy territory / territorial waters. Not all submarines can perform every task, but regardless of the mission and the ship’s capabilities, stealth is considered to be of primary importance. The KRI Nanggala-402 is a German-made diesel-electric attack submarine that is more than 40 years old. Due to the age of the submarine, it may lack the coating and stealth features of newer ships, even after being refurbished in 2012, giving search and rescue teams a bit of an edge. as they try to look for it, but other challenges will overwhelm any potential advantage. In the event of an emergency, the submarine can either trigger a “ping” device on the ship or send a buoy to monitor (if the Indonesian submarine has these systems and the systems are in operation as well. the submarine crew knew how to use them and did not lose their ability to act). A “ping” signaling device is extremely valuable because it allows search and rescue teams to use passive sonar to scan a larger ocean area with other tools. There is no indication that KRI Nanggala-402 is making a sound that would aid with the search. Mr. Clark, a defense expert at the US Hudson Institute, speculates that if the ship makes a sound, it may have been located. “If it makes a sound no matter what form it is, it will be much easier to find,” he said. Without a ping or other type of noise, search and rescue teams are limited to using active sonar, narrowing the scanning range and prolonging the time it takes to search for a site. field. While passive sonar involves listening to sounds coming from objects in the ocean, sonar actively emit pings and then listens for echoes from objects in the ocean. The Indonesian navy identified the submarine disappeared in the waters north of Bali island. Search teams soon noticed oil slicks in their search area, narrowing the scope of interest. In this common area, search units found an object with “strong magnetic resonance” that could be emitted from the missing submarine. While these developments have significantly reduced the overall size of the search area, there is still a lot to consider. Indonesia has dozens of ships and aircraft, supported by international forces participating in the search. The Indonesian navy said the ship may have sunk at a depth of more than 600 meters, which would certainly complicate the search. Not only does that depth exceed the maximum depth of the ship, potentially putting the hull in danger of rupture, but it could also leave it out of the reach of existing recovery options. Finding things on the ocean floor is also quite difficult, Mr. Clark said. “Like we’ve seen with so many airline crashes, it’s hard to find something, even big, when it falls to the sea floor, because it’s mixed up in the mess down there,” he said. The ARA San Juan submarine of the Argentine navy went missing in 2017. It wasn’t until a year later that search teams found the ship, 44 crew members killed, on the ocean floor at a depth of about 1,000m. “If a diesel submarine as small as an Indonesian submarine sinks more than 600 meters, it is unlikely to survive,” Clark said.

The Indonesian Ministry of Defense has also officially confirmed that the oil spill on the sea surface that has just been found near the location of the lost submarine is leaking oil from this ship, the Indonesian Army also announced a list of 53 people on board. underground “bad fate” KRI Nanggala 402. The image of oil spill on the sea was published by Indonesia on April 22. Source: Sina. It is known that at about 3 am on April 21 (local time), the Nanggala submarine disappeared in waters about 95 km north of Bali. According to the Indonesian Navy, the submarine may have fallen into a sea trench up to 700 meters deep, while the maximum diving capacity of this old submarine was only about 300 meters. Indonesia has formally requested international assistance, and Singapore, India, Australia, as well as all countries with submarine rescue capabilities and equipment have responded. According to a report on the Indonesian media Indopolitika page on April 22, the Indonesian Navy announced a list of 53 members on the Nanggala submarine, and said there were at least 53 crew members or joint staff on board. concerned. The Indonesian navy has sent several rescue teams to search for the submarine. The Nanggala submarine of the Indonesian navy is a 209/1300 class conventional submarine purchased from Germany in the end of 1980. It is forecasted that the search and salvage of this ship will be very difficult. The incident with the Indonesian submarine Nanggala was the second sinking of the submarine of this class. Earlier, in November 2017, the ARA San Juan submarine of the Argentine Navy also had an accident underwater and sank to a depth of 800 meters, all 44 people on board were killed. The ARA San Juan is also a Class 209 submarine. ARA San Juan submarine of Argentina. Source: Sina. It is known that on November 15, 2017, while returning to the base in the coastal city of Mar del Plata, the ARA San Juan submarine suddenly lost contact with the mainland. The Argentine Navy said earlier that the captain of the ARA San Juan had reported water spilling into the ventilation pipe, causing one of the ship’s batteries to short circuit. Hours later, “an explosion” is believed to have occurred near the ARA San Juan submarine site that was last identified. The Argentine Navy suspected that the cause of the explosion could be the “condensed hydrogen phenomenon”. The ARA San Juan is a German diesel-powered class 209 submarine that entered service in the mid-80s of the last century and is most recently refurbished in 2008-2014. With a refurbishment cost of up to 12 million USD, the ship can replace the engine and the energy generation system. During the repair process, experts warn of difficulties because innovation involves integrating systems produced by different manufacturers, even the slightest mistake in the repair phase. could put the safety of the ship and the life of the sailor in danger. After the incident, it was not until a year later that Argentina found the wreck of this ship with its crew. On November 17, 2018, the Ministry of Defense and the Argentine Navy announced that the US Ocean Infinity Company had discovered an object about 600 meters long on the ocean floor, confirming that this was the missing ARA San Juan submarine. The ARA San Juan submarine was found at a depth of more than 900 meters off the Valdes peninsula in the Patagonia region of the Atlantic Ocean, about 600 kilometers from the Argentine port city of Comodoro Rivadavia, the Argentine navy said. Since the ARA San Juan submarine went missing, Argentina has relied on 14 countries such as Russia, the US, the UK, Norway … to participate in the search campaign, in which Russia and the US are the two most experienced countries. in the search and rescue field. Russia has sent ocean research ships and transport aircraft Antonov carrying a searchable robot at a depth of 1,000 meters under the ocean to search. Meanwhile, the US also deployed P-8A Poseidon patrol aircraft, mini submarines, and released buoys attached to sensors for detection.

The news comes a day after debris believed to be from submarine KRI Nanggala-402 was found floating away from the submarine’s last communication capture location in the Bali Sea. Tjahjanto said during a press conference that the Indonesian warship Rigel scanned the area with sound waves, using sound waves to locate objects and magnetometers. Then the MV Swift Rescue from Singapore sent a remote control vehicle (ROV) to get a clearer underwater visualization of the wreck, he said. The wreck of the submarine was found – Photo: Indonesian Navy According to Mr. Tjahjanto: “We have found and photographed parts of the Nanggala submarine such as the transverse steering, the anchor, the outer hull, the vertical steering and other parts of the submarine such as the safety clothing for the crew. Based on that evidence, I declare that the Nanggala submarine sank and the entire crew is dead. ” Indonesian Navy Chief of Staff Yudo Margono said the submarine was found at a depth of 850 meters and broke into three parts. He said the Indonesian government will work with the International Submarine Rescue and Escape Liaison Office “because salvage of the Nanggala submarine will require international cooperation”. The KRI Nanggala 402 is one of two Cakra attack submarines, the German-made Type 209 submarine and exported, and was commissioned by Indonesia in 1981. This submarine is 59.5 m long, 6.2 m widest, with a diving displacement of 1,390 tons. The ship operates by diesel-electric engine, cruise speed when diving is 21.5 knots (nearly 40 km / h), range of 15,200 km. Previously, The Guardian reported on April 21 from the Indonesian navy that power outages occurred while the KRI Nanggala 402 was diving, causing the ship to lose control and unable to conduct emergency procedures to allow the ship. rise.

Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala 402 and a crew of 53 people last contacted the headquarters at 3 am on April 21 to ask for permission to dive into the sea during torpedo drills off the coast of Bali and then lost contact completely. Full from 4:30. The Indonesian navy said it had a power failure while diving, causing the ship to lose control. Indonesian KRI Nanggala 402 train. Photo: Getty Images In recent days, Indonesian officials have deployed 3 submarines, 5 aircraft and 21 military ships to search for the KRI Nanggala 402. Sonar sonar systems have also been deployed to search for motion and sound below. country but not yet have satisfactory results. Indonesian officials confirmed the amount of oxygen stored on board only enough for 3 days after the power failure. This morning (April 24), that deadline has passed, making the prospect of finding surviving sailors nearly dissipated. Indonesia is expected to turn the rescue of sailors into submarine salvage missions. The Indonesian Navy said the submarine was most likely to sink at a depth of 600-700m, but the KRI Nanggala 402 usually only operated at a depth of about 250-500m. Anything greater depth is dangerous because the water pressure on the hull can crush the hull. Tragedy of ARA San Juan, 44 Argentine soldiers were killed In November 2017, Argentina’s ARA San Juan diesel-powered submarine went missing about 430km off the Argentine coast with 44 sailors traveling from Ushuaia base to the city of Mar del Plata. ARA San Juan Front Section. Photo: AP During the last communication, the ARA San Juan reported a problem with the machine due to water overflowing through the vent pipe, causing a short circuit of a battery. Three hours after this announcement, a sound like a loud explosion appeared about 50 km away from where ARA San Juan last informed. Argentina started its ARA San Juan search campaign with support from 15 countries, including Russia and the US, but stopped it a few weeks later because there was no significant clue. By 2018, the ship’s wreck was found at a depth of 900m. The Navy said it found debris 11, 13 and 30 meters long, the hull was crushed inside. Argentina admits it does not have modern technology to bring submarines back to land and has not decided how to handle the wreck. The Kursk submarine sank in the Barents Sea with 118 sailors Around 11:30 a.m. on August 12, 2000, while doing exercises to fire fake ammunition in the Barents Sea, two major explosions in a row suddenly occurred inside the nuclear submarine K-141 “Kursk” of the Russian Navy. A few minutes later, Kursk slowly sank to the bottom of the Barents Sea. Unlike the disappearances, the Kursk was located shortly after it crashed. But despite a series of quick relief measures, the Russians could do nothing more, all 118 sailors and officers died. The Kursk submarine broke in two after the tragedy. Photo: TASS The last time the ship was seen surfacing in port was around 5:00 a.m. on August 12, 2000. In the Severomosk area, the Northern Fleet, the ship slowly advanced from the port of Murmansk to the Barents Sea during a mock torpedo shooting exercise. Joining the K-141 Kursk was another ship of the Typhoon class and the K-114 “Tula” (Delta IV class). Over the past 20 years, many different theories about the accident of the state-of-the-art nuclear submarine Kursk have been issued, many believe that the disaster was caused by a fault in the design or Russia violated the rules. weapon maintenance. Kursk submarine in the photo taken in April 2000. Photo: S. Volkov One theory is that the Kursk submarine was mistakenly shot by an American submarine operating in the Barents Sea and the two sides negotiated to “close down” the incident to avoid a military conflict that could push the whole world. world into the dark scene. Meanwhile, according to the final conclusion of the Investigation Committee of the Russian Government, the cause of the sinking was an explosion that occurred while the ship was preparing to launch a torpedo on a simulated target during the exercise. . Submarine K-8 sank due to fire At the time of launch, the Project 627A Kit (November class) K-8 attack submarine was considered the pride of the Soviet Navy. But the ship also authored a tragedy that took the lives of 52 sailors in 1970. According to RBTH, a fire broke out in the compartment when it set sail on April 8, 1970. The captain ordered the nuclear reactor to be shut down and left the ship. K-8 submarine of the Soviet Union. When a tugboat arrived at the scene, 75 sailors returned to the ship in an attempt to bring the K-8 back to base. However, the ship was anchored off and lost control in rough sea conditions. 52 sailors who returned to the ship died from CO2 poisoning before rescuers could reach them, 23 were saved. The K-8 then sank to the sea floor with four nuclear torpedoes at a depth of 4,680 m and 490 km northwest of Spain. The depths were so great that it was nearly impossible to salvage the ship. Experts believe that the torpedoes carrying nuclear warheads on the sea floor could lead to radioactive leakage catastrophic damage to the environment. The first nuclear submarine crashed The world entered the race to develop nuclear submarines since the outbreak of the Cold War. In 1963, the nuclear attack submarine USS Thresher became the first nuclear submarine to crash, when it crashed during a test operating at a depth of 400 meters. USS Thresher set sail in 1963. Photo: Getty Images The accident killed all 129 crew members on board. To this day, this is still the submarine crash with the highest death toll in history, more than the tragedy of Russia’s Kursk submarine. According to the US Navy, a malfunction in the electric motor supplying to power the main cooling pump caused the nuclear reactor to stop working, so there was no electricity to pump water out of the empty chamber for the ship to float. Thresher sank under inertia and exploded at a depth of about 730 m due to the water pressure exceeding the hull’s stamina. After the USS Thresher disaster, the US Navy adopted the SUBSAFE program to ensure the quality of the submarine from design to fabrication. US submarine mysteriously disappeared In May 1968, the nuclear attack submarine USS Scorpion, the Skipjack class of the US Navy, went missing with 99 sailors 643 km southwest of Portugal’s Azores island. The ship was scheduled to return to the port on May 27, 1968, but it did not appear. The year 1968 also marked the disappearance of four other submarines, including the Israeli INS Dakar, the French Minerve and the Soviet K-129, arousing much speculation. Submarine USS Scorpion. Photo: ITN According to sources, on May 16, 1968, the USS Scorpion left the US naval base at Rota (Spain) with 99 sailors, along with the USS John C. Calhoun. Scorpion was sent to observe Soviet naval activities in the Atlantic in the vicinity of the Azores. Around midnight on May 21, Scorpion sent a message to a US Navy communications station in Nea Makri (Greece) reporting that the ship was near a Soviet submarine and the team “began monitoring. Soviet Union “, and is running at a steady speed of 28 km / h at a depth of 110 meters. That was Scorpion’s last contact. To date, it is not known exactly what happened to the ship, only to be told that the US Navy launched a search operation, but there was no clue. By the end of 1969, an ocean surveying vessel of the US Navy discovered submarine SSN-589 sinking at a depth of 3,048 m. The US Navy did not provide detailed information on the accident, but some sources said that the accidental explosion of the Mark 37 torpedo caused water to flood the ship and the USS Scorpion quickly sank, before being pressured. crushed water.

The K-3 was the first nuclear-powered submarine of the Soviet Union. Photo: RBTH The Leninsky Komsomol K-3 nuclear-powered submarine was one of the special cases in which the Soviet Union had to find a way to catch up with the United States. The reason the Soviet Union decided to have nuclear energy submarines In 1945, the United States showed the world the destructive power of new nuclear weapons. However, deploying a nuclear bomb by air (as it did when bombing Japan) also comes with significant risks. At the time, the United States believed that the only “safe” way to deploy nuclear weapons at that time was by means of submarines, which could secretly reach enemy coasts and unleash. the decisive blow. The first nuclear-powered submarine project of the US is implemented in secret. The decision to build the first ship was made in 1951 and on June 14, 1952, the construction of the ship called “Nautilus” officially took place. At the same time, the Soviet Union began building its own nuclear-powered submarines. Russia started the construction of the K-3 submarine in Severodvinsk on September 24, 1955. If the US Nautilus submarines still use the same body frame as diesel-electric submarines and the only difference is that there is an additional nuclear reactor, the K-3 submarine of the Soviet Union has a complete design difference in order to be able to operate under water optimally. Therefore, the nuclear power submarine K-3 of the Soviet Union has a faster speed than the Nautilus. The K-3 submarine has a maximum displacement of more than 3,000 tons when floating and 4,750 tons when diving, and can travel at speeds of more than 50 km / h even though the reactor is not operating at full capacity. The ship was originally designed to attack enemy coastal naval bases with just a massive (1.5 meter) caliber thermonuclear probe. However, this approach was ineffective and too expensive, so it was canceled. Instead, the Soviet Union switched to using torpedoes capable of carrying nuclear warheads. A special feature of the K-3 submarine To increase the stealth level of the K-3, the Soviet Union used special mechanisms to reduce the noise of the interior components, special coating for the entire ship, and low-noise propellers. Some of the special features of the K-3 are that it does not have anchors, does not carry any defense weapons, and does not have an emergency diesel reactor. The K-3 is the first submarine to break 2.5 meters of ice in the Arctic. Photo: Sputnik Later, those who were on the K-3 submarine said that the interior of the ship was like a work of art. Each room is painted a different color and uses bright tones to create a pleasant eye feel. Some of the ship’s bulkheads are made to look like a picture, while others look like a large mirror. All of the equipment on board is made of precious woods and is specially designed to be used in an emergency situation, not just for its original purpose. For example, the large hall table in the lobby can be easily converted into something under certain circumstances. In July 1962, the Soviet nuclear submarine Leninsky Komsomol successfully sailed to the Arctic, four years after a similar American achievement on the Nautilus submarine in 1958. Submarines K-3 also marked the first time in the history of the Soviet Union and later Russia, having a long journey under the ice in the Arctic and twice passing through the northernmost point of the Earth./.

“We are lifelong friends,” said Frans Wuwung. Wuwung is a retired sailor who trained soldiers on the KRI Nanggala-402 – one of the five submarines of the Indonesian Navy. Before dawn on April 21, Sergeant Guntur Ari Prasetyo and 52 comrades took turn to get off the Nanggala-402 to start torpedo shooting exercises in the waters of the South Pacific. On the ship was also Colonel Harry Setyawan, commander of the Indonesian submarine fleet. Captain Harry’s sailor career began primarily on the Nanggala-402, after he graduated first class from the naval academy. Around 3 o’clock, the Nanggala-402 was allowed to begin a torpedo drill in the waters north of Bali Island. As the dark hull had just descended into the dark water, silence filled the sea surface. Outgoing communication received no response. The Nanggala-402 has been lost. Immediately, ships and aircraft from many countries gathered in Bali sea in hopes of searching for the Nanggala-402. In everyone’s mind, there is a constant fear that the submarine will run out of oxygen at 3 a.m. on April 24, 72 hours after contact was lost. There was evidence that the submarine was sinking On the afternoon of April 24, Chief of Staff Yudo Margono of the Indonesian Navy announced that the debris had been found just a few miles from where the ship was missing three days ago. These fragments confirmed the submarine had sunk to the bottom of the sea and cracked. The ship was declared “sunk” instead of “missing”. Several floating objects identified at sea were dropped from the Nanggala-402, including several prayer mats, special foam used to wipe condensed water, and periscope grease bottles. The bodies of the sailors have not been found, the Chief of Staff said. Meanwhile, follow Jakarta Globe Admiral Yudo Margono also said that the search team is still waiting for a miracle and will continue to search. Indonesian military observer Susaningtyas NH Kertopati said the sailors could breathe slowly to prolong the amount of time they had left with oxygen. “They are trained to do it,” she said. Fragments and objects found were displayed in front of the reporter during the April 24 afternoon press conference. Photo: Reuters. According to Mr. Yudo, the multi-beam sonar technology shows that the Nanggala-402 has sunk to a depth of 850 m, which exceeds the safe depth. The safe over-water pressure is so great that a steel-hulled submarine can be crushed. Although the Nanggala-402 fell into an undersea valley and a compartment in the vessel was not submerged, the ability to survive at such a depth with finite oxygen was very low, according to Susaningtyas Nefo Handayani Kertopati, a love analyst. newspaper and the Indonesian army. “They will fall into a state of panic. Just being locked up in our room would panic. While this is a depth of 850 m. We’re just human after all, ”said Susaningtyas. What caused the ship to crash? The reason why the ship was powered by a deep-sinking electric diesel engine is unknown. But naval experts believe that the Nanggala-402 dive is more likely to happen quickly and suddenly because the ship does not send an emergency call. Norman Polmar, the American historian of submarines, said that the Nanggala-402 was likely to sink due to internal damage. It could be that the piping was damaged causing water overflow or the battery could explode. Shortly before her disappearance, the Nanggala-402 took part in another torpedo drill but had “imperfect” results because of the missed target, according to Rear Adm. Julius Widjojono, spokesman for the Navy. Indonesia. After that, the ship was asked to rehearse again. This is the operation that the ship was about to perform at the time of its disappearance, Rear Admiral Widjojono said. Susaningtyas expert questioned whether the continued short-term deployment of the Nanggala-402 would give the ship enough maintenance time. “The ship has been forced to do this activity in the Bali Sea, very forcefully. Chief of Staff must accept responsibility, “Susaningtyas said. The Nanggala-402 was built in 1977 and completely rebuilt in South Korea in 2012. The Indonesian navy said the ship’s papers were fine. But according to an unnamed defense expert, the submarine may not have been fully maintained since May 2018. The Indonesian naval expert hypothesizes that seawater overflows the ship as it sinks, be it through pipes or torpedoes. Under perfect conditions, the crew may have a way of plugging the gap, but emergencies rarely do so. When a torrent of water flooded in, the pressure could cause the ship to sink immediately. “The ship will sink very quickly, like a rock,” said Soleman Ponta, a military analyst. The Indonesian naval ship participated in the search for the KRI Nanggala-402 submarine. Photo: Reuters. “Pray for me” The day Sergeant Guntur Ari Prasetyo, a diesel technician on the Nanggala-402, left his home in Surabaya, he once told his wife to pray for him. This is what he does every time he is mobilized. Berda Asmara, the wife of sergeant Guntur, followed her husband’s words but this time something was wrong. “Perhaps he had a hunch before he left. He looks different from usual, ”Berda said on April 24. At the same time, in the city of Sidoarjo, an hour’s drive from Sergeant Guntur’s house, Colonel Harry’s family was also praying. Waiting for the good news here is Sheeva Naufal Zidane, the 18-year-old son of Colonel Harry. “From a young age, I wanted to be in the submarine because my dad was cool,” Sheeva said. When the TV reported that the submarine debris was found, everyone in the house got close together. Sheeva applied canola oil to her mother’s legs while the woman cried. The atmosphere rang out prayers. Winny Widayanti, wife of Colonel Harry, said her husband has never lost his temper at work, even in the worst traffic jams. She said she was haunted by debris in the Bali Sea but that would not make her lose faith. “There is still hope. I won’t stop hoping. They will survive. It’s not over yet, ”said Mrs. Winny.

Search helicopters and many other ships left Bali and a naval base in Java headed for the area out of contact with the KRI Nanggala-402 on April 21 as she prepared to conduct a torpedo exercise. . If the submarine was still intact, officials said it would only have enough air for the crew members to survive until around dawn April 24. “So far we have not found it … but with existing equipment we can find the location,” – Achmad Riad, a spokesman for the Indonesian army, said during a press conference. An Indonesian air force pilot said six tons of equipment had been moved to a base to help with the search, including an underwater hot air balloon to help lift the ship. One of the Indonesian military ships involved in the search for the submarine – Photo: Reuters The Indonesian navy said it was investigating whether the submarine lost power when submerged and could not perform emergency procedures when it sank to a depth of 600-700 meters, exceeding the allowable limit. The Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy – Yudo Margono said an object with “high magnetic force” was found “floating” at a depth of 50-100 meters and an earlier aerial search had detected a trace. The oil spills near the location where the submarine last caught the signal. Navy spokesperson Julius Widjojono said the diesel-electric submarines can withstand depths of up to 500 meters but surpassing this threshold can kill people inside. The Bali Sea can reach a depth of more than 1,500 meters. One of the men on board was the commander of the Indonesian submarine fleet, Harry Setiawan. The submarine was commissioned into the Indonesian fleet in 1981 and underwent refitting in Korea, completed in 2012. It was said to be in good condition before meeting, the Defense Ministry said. accident. Australia, India, Malaysia, Singapore and the US have sent special ships or aircraft to respond to Indonesia’s request for assistance. The US military is sending a P-8 Poseidon to assist with the submarine search. The Pentagon said US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin spoke with his Indonesian counterpart and offered additional assistance, which may include navigating underwater search equipment. Two Australian Navy ships are also heading to the search area including a frigate with special sonar scanning capabilities. Indonesia operates five submarines – 2 German-made Type 209s and three newer Korean ones.

KRI Nanggala submarine at naval base in Surabaya, Indonesia, February 20, 2019. (Photo: AFP / VNA) The Pentagon on April 23 said US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin offered to provide his Indonesian counterpart Prabowo Subianto with underground weapons to assist in the search for a lost Indonesian submarine. The Pentagon statement emphasized: “Defense Minister Lloyd Austin this morning discussed with Indonesian Defense Minister Prabowo Subianto to express concerns about the disappearance of the Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala 402 as well as the fragile division of the 53 crew members on board. ” The Pentagon also noted that the two sides had discussed the recent deployment of the P-8 Poseidon to aid the search. Minister Austin has proposed to increase support, possibly including the provision of underwater search assets, for this effort. Show the army Indonesia deployed two naval submarines capable of detecting submarines to assist with the search. The KRI Nanggala 402 was suspected of having a total power outage while still diving in the Balinese waters on the morning of April 21 before sinking at a depth of 600-700 meters./.

P-8 Poseidon hunting plane. Photo: The Drive According to the CNN In addition to the US P-8 submarine hunting aircraft, a frigate with sonar scanners and an Australian helicopter are also participating in the search for the Indonesian KRI Nanggala-402 submarine. Meanwhile, deep-sea lifeboats are en route to Indonesia from India and Singapore. Indonesian officials said on Friday that if the submarine was intact and working properly, the sailors would only have enough oxygen to survive until dawn Saturday. “So far, we haven’t found it yet. But with existing equipment, we may be able to locate the submarine, ”Achmad Riad, a spokesman for the Indonesian military, said at a press conference. Submarine KRI Nanggala-402. Photo: USN Collin Koh, an expert at the Indonesian Institute for Strategic and Defense Studies, said that assuming a submarine has enough oxygen for 72 hours is an optimistic statement, as the submarine’s oxygen-generating capacity will be limited during power outages. . “So it’s possible that the oxygen has run out,” Koh said. Experts like Koh said Indonesia will have to expand the search area again if the highly magnetic object proves not to be a ship. Koh also warned that if the submarine falls to “extreme depth”, it will be almost impossible to find. The Bali Sea can reach a depth of more than 1,500 meters. At the time of his disappearance, there were 53 people on board. Including commander of Indonesian submarine fleet – Mr. Harry Setiawan. KRI Nanggala-402 submarine went missing on the morning of April 21 while participating in a torpedo drill near Bali island. On the morning of April 22, oil spills were discovered at the submarine’s diving location. On the morning of April 23, a metal object with a high magnetism was found. But since then, there have been no more clues. On the morning of April 24, the reserved oxygen on the ship was exhausted.

KRI Nanggala 402 submarine Therefore, the focus of current attention will be to salvage the ship’s wreck from the waters off the coast of Bali, Indonesia. Previously, the Chief of the Indonesian Navy Yudo Margono said on April 23 that the country’s rescue team discovered an object with “high magnetism” floating at a depth of 50 to 100 meters off the north coast. Bali island, near where submarine KRI Nanggala 402 was identified lost contact. They are preparing to deploy naval ships equipped with hydroacoustic systems to the area, to confirm whether this is an object from this submarine or not. After the KRI Nanggala 402 went missing, the navy of Singapore and Malaysia sent warships to join the search, while a series of other countries such as the US, Australia, Germany, France, Russia, India, Turkey Ky and South Korea also offered assistance. Information from the TNI military website said that the missing KRI Nanggala 402 submarine was built in Germany and put into service with the Indonesian navy since 1981. This ship has undergone a two-year refurbishment process. Korea and completed in 2012.

Yudo Margono, the naval chief of staff, told reporters that authorities had found an object with “high magnetic force” floating at a depth of 50 to 100 meters. Authorities hope the object could be the missing submarine and are currently waiting for a naval ship with underwater detection facilities to help them investigate the object further. The Indonesian military has so far declined to comment on whether the decades-old submarine, carrying 53 crew, is overpowered. Submarine KRI Nanggala-402 – Photo: Reuters However, they said the submarine may have sank to great depths after a power outage left the crew unable to control the ship. If the object is found to be part of the submarine, the navy suspects the crew may have discharged its fuel load after a power outage to allow the submarine to float. Navy officials feared the submarine might explode. Collin Koh, a naval expert and research fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore, said damage to the fuel tank could cause “big trouble”. Naval spokesperson Julius Widjojono previously told KompasTV that a battery-powered submarine when submerged could only maintain a depth of 250 to 500 meters. “Anything that makes it go deeper than that can be fatal and dangerous,” he said. The waters in the region are shallower than in other parts of the archipelago but can still reach depths of more than 1,500 meters.

Ballarat, one of two warships dispatched by Australia to assist in the search for the missing Indonesian submarine. Photo: Australian Department of Defense It is expected that the Ballarat warships of the Australian Navy equipped with sonic radar and multi-role helicopters MH-60R will arrive in the search area on April 23. The second ship, Sirius, operating in the area off the coast of Brunei will arrive on April 27. In particular, according to the Australian Department of Defense, Sirius can provide fuel, drinking water and many essentials for ships participating in the search. Australia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced earlier that it would do whatever it could to assist Indonesia in finding the submarine in distress. Meanwhile, the country’s Defense Ministry confirmed that it would keep close contact with Indonesia in case it could provide additional assistance to the search. Submarine KRI Nanggala-402 of the Indonesian Navy, along with its crew of 53, went missing on April 21 while participating in a torpedo launch exercise. The Indonesian army, along with the help of the navy, of some countries are working all out to find the ship in distress in the context that the amount of oxygen used on the ship is only enough until the morning of April 24.

Indonesian submarine KRI Alugoro searched for the KRI Nanggala submarine that was missing while participating in a drill off the coast of Bali on April 21. Photo: AP Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala 402 lost contact after diving on April 21 off the coast of Bali, and concerns are growing that the submarine may have sunk too deep, difficult to reach and recover. President Joko Widodo has called on all Indonesians to pray for the return of the crew, and ordered every effort to be made to locate the ship in distress. Two ships left a port in a nearby area on the morning of April 23 to engage in search activity. More than 20 naval ships, 2 submarines and 5 aircraft were mobilized for search on April 22, and more large-scale search operations are expected on April 23. Lifeboats from Singapore and Malaysia are expected to be in the area from Saturday to Monday next week, and other countries have also requested assistance. In his televised speech on April 22, Mr. Widodo said: “Our main priority is the safety of the 53 crew members. To the families of the crew members, I can understand their feelings at the moment and we are doing our best to save the lives of all crew members on board. The country’s Navy Admiral Yudo Margono said the missing submarine is expected to run out of oxygen at about 3 a.m. on April 24. The search has been centered around the oil slick discovered near the submarine’s last dive site. But there is no convincing evidence that this oil streak belonged to the missing submarine. Admiral Margono said that the oil could be spilled from a crack in the submarine’s fuel tank or it could also be that the crew drained the oil and the fluids to reduce weight, allowing the ship to float. There was an unidentified object with high magnetism at a depth of 50 to 100 meters, and officials hope it was the submarine they were looking for, Margono said. The Indonesian Navy also believes that the submarine has sunk to a depth of 600-700 meters, much deeper than the landmark where the hull can withstand water pressure. According to estimates by a Korean company that repaired this submarine in the period 2009-2012, the ship could explode when it sank to a depth of 200 meters. Currently, people are still not sure about the reason why the submarine suddenly disappeared. The Indonesian navy said it was possible that an electrical incident could have prevented the submarine from performing emergency procedures to emerge. In addition to the lifeboats sent by Singapore and Malaysia, other offers of assistance have also come from Australia, the US, Germany, France, Russia, India, Turkey and South Korea. The hospital ship KRI Dr. Soeharso of the Indonesian Navy participates in the search for the missing submarine. Photo: AP Historically, submarine accidents have often had serious consequences. In 2000, the Russian nuclear submarine Kursk exploded from the inside and sank during exercises in the Barents Sea. Most of the 118 crew members died immediately, while 23, although they managed to reach the rear compartment, were suffocated. In November 2017, an Argentine submarine went missing and 44 waterways in the South Atlantic, until nearly a year later, it was discovered that the wreck was 800 meters deep. But in 2005, seven members on a Russian mini submarine were rescued three days after their ship was caught in fishing nets and cables in the Pacific, at a time when the ship had only enough oxygen for six hours. if the lake cannot float to the surface of the water. It is known that the KRI Nanggala 402 submarine is currently missing, produced by Germany, has been used by Indonesia since 1981 and at the time of the accident carrying 49 sailors and 3 gunners and commanders. Hoang Bach According to AP

Indonesian officials fear the ship may sink deeply, making it difficult to access rescue equipment. In a statement released on April 22, President Joko Widodo called on the people of Indonesia to pray that the crew can return safely. He also ordered all-out use to locate the submarine in distress. More than 20 naval ships, two submarines, five aircraft were mobilized to participate in the search campaign. Lifeboats from Singapore and Malaysia have also arrived on the scene to provide assistance. “Our main priority is the safety of the 53 crew members” Mr. Widodo stressed. Indonesia races against time to rescue the KRI Nanggala-402 submarine. (Photo: Anadolu) Naval Chief of Staff Adm Yudo Margono said, KRI Nanggala 402 is expected to run out of oxygen at 3 am on April 24. Searches are currently concentrated around the oil slick found next to the last dive site of KRI Nanggala 402. But there is currently no evidence that the oil stain was left by a submarine. Margono said the oil could spill from a crack in the fuel tank or the crew could discharge fuel to reduce the weight to help the vessel float. The Indonesian rescue team also found an unidentified highly magnetic object located at a depth of 50-100 m. Officials of this country hope it is the lost ship. However, the Indonesian navy did not rule out the possibility that KRI Nanggala 402 had sunk at a depth of 600-700 m. This depth could crush the ship due to the water pressure. The cause of the disappearance is still unknown. Indonesian officials said the power outage may have prevented the submarine from going through the emergency procedures to float again. In addition to the lifeboats sent to Singapore and Malaysia, Australia, the US, Germany, France, Russia, India, Turkey and South Korea are offering to help Indonesia. Submarine accidents are often catastrophic. In 2000, the Russian nuclear submarine Kursk exploded and sank during a maneuver in the Barents Sea. Most of the 118 crewmembers died immediately, but 23 escaped into the rear compartment before dying because the Russian navy could not find them in time. In November 2017, an Argentine submarine carrying 44 crew members went missing in the South Atlantic. Nearly a year later, the ship’s wreck was found at a depth of 800 meters. But in 2005, a group of seven sailors aboard a small Russian submarine were rescued almost three days after their ship was hooked to a cable at a depth of 190 meters. By the time the cable was cut and surfaced, the amount of oxygen on board was only about six hours. The Indonesian Ministry of Defense said that the German-made diesel-powered KRI Nanggala 402 entered naval service in 1981. The ship carried 49 sailors, one commander and three gunners when it went missing.

Ship with structural damage with steel parts and cannot be restored. But the second half of the 73-meter submarine was unaffected in the fire. CNN said. Fortunately for the French Navy, a submarine of the Saphir class was decommissioned in 2019, awaiting dismantlement at a shipyard in the port of Cherbourg, northwest France. The front section of the Saphir is still very good. French officials decided to take the first part of the Saphir, combined with the rear of Perle to form a new submarine. The Perle submarine was transferred from the city of Toulon to Cherbourg on a dedicated train in December 2020. At the shipyard, workers cut the Perle in half in February and did the same with the Saphir in March. The Perle submarine was cut in half at the Cherbourg shipyard. Photo: Naval Group. In early April, the second half of the Perle and the front half of the Saphir were fixed to tow them, then welded to connect the two hull halves together. The connection of the two hull parts will be completed in the coming months, said Klara Nadaradjane, spokesman for Naval Group, main contractor. The new submarine is still called the Perle. It will be 1.4 m longer than the original, as an additional component connecting the two halves of the hull is needed. Spokesperson Nadaradjane said the connection of the two halves of the hull was simulated with a 3-dimensional digital model, before being put into practice. However, a Naval Group spokesman did not disclose the cost. The Perle, commissioned in 1993, is the newest of six French Rubis-class nuclear attack submarines. Rubis-class submarines are expected to be replaced by more modern Barracuda-class nuclear attack submarines. However, it was not until 2030 that the last of the Barracuda-class submarines was delivered to the French Navy, forcing them to find a way to repair the Perle submarine. This is the first time the French shipbuilding industry has cut two different ships in half to merge them into one complete ship. Previously, this technique was used by the US to repair their damaged submarines.

Fortunately, the second half of the 2,600-ton submarine, 73 meters long, displaced the water, remained undamaged after the fire. And in the difficult emergence of wisdom, French naval officials had the idea of ​​pairing the rest with its “sister” – the Saphir submarine. Perle nuclear submarine intact. Photo: Reddit Although decommissioned in 2019, and waiting to be dismantled, the Saphir front section remains relatively stable in construction. Therefore, French authorities determined that the ship could still be combined with the back of Perle to form a new attack submarine. Perle was subsequently relocated from Toulon to Cherbourg in December of last year. The workers cut it in half and the Saphir. According to French naval contractor Naval Group, earlier this month, the second half of the Perle and the front half of the Saphir were put on “conveyor” at the shipyard in Cherbourg, so that they can be carefully calibrated and welded. together. Perle submarines after being burned by fire nearly half. Photo: Marine Nationale A Naval Group spokesperson said assembly will continue to be completed in the coming months. The complete submarine, still named Perle, will be about 1.5 meters longer than its “predecessors” thanks to an additional “intersection zone”. The intersection zone on the new version of the Perle submarine will add a bit of living space for about 70 sailors operating inside the ship. Digital model According to Naval Group, all assemblies are simulated using 3D digital methods before being applied to a real ship. This is the effort spent more than 100,000 hours of technical research and 250,000 hours of manual work by more than 300 technicians and shipbuilders. Two pieces of the Perle submarine after being cut in half at the Cherbourg Shipyard, France. Photo: AP Franck Ferrer, Director of Naval Group Services, said in January the new version is expected to return to Toulon by the end of this year, for further engineering and upgrade of the combat system. . The ship will rejoin the French Navy fleet in early 2023. “The implementation of the project for these cases, namely the repairing and joining of parts of two sister ships together, was the first thing Naval Group did in modern history,” said Ferrer. said. Rare luck The Perle was not the first instance of two parts of two different ships being assembled together. According to Thomas Shugart, a retired commander of the American attack submarine, the US Navy did the same thing by replacing the damaged bow of the USS San Francisco with the bow of the soon-to-be retired USS Honolulu. The process of assembling two-part Perle submarines with Saphir. Video: Le Télégramme However, the Perle submarine can “revive” is still considered a rare luck compared to similar cases in the past. In 2012, a disgruntled worker caused a serious fire on the USS Miami submarine, while the ship was undergoing repairs at the port of Portsmouth, Maine (USA). The ship then became a waste product due to the high cost of restoration. By 2020, the amphibious assault ship USS Bonhomme Richard is also damaged by fire while being upgraded in San Diego port (USA). After determining it would take up to $ 3.2 billion and seven years to repair, the USS Bonhomme Richard was finally removed from service with the US Navy.

The two halves of these nuclear submarines cut in half were Perle and Saphir, respectively. From these two halves, the French experts performed grafting into the complete ship.

The French expert said that the reason they can be joined together by two submarines of the same line, both of the Rubis class and identical design.

The two halves of the submarine were prepared to be grafted by France.

The fact that France had to use two halves of two different submarines to combine because in June 2020, a fierce fire that lasted for 14 hours made the front of the Perle submarine on the dock unusable due to steel structure is deformed, some places do not guarantee the original stability.

But the other half of the 73m-long submarine, which displaced 2,600 tons, was unaffected by the fire. Meanwhile, the French Navy has a Saphir, in the same class, which was decommissioned in 2019 and is waiting to be dismantled.

The front part of the Saphir was assessed to be structurally stable, qualified to be paired with the back of Perle to form a complete attack submarine.

The Perle was then cut in half in February and March. After being placed on a calibrated shelf, the second half of Perle and the front half of the Saphir are now fully welded, the French Navy said.

Paired product is still named Perle but a bit longer. Naval Group said that all pre-construction designs are 3D digital modeling and ensure reliability, safety and does not affect the inherent design of the ship’s combat capabilities.

Perle entered service in 1993, the newest of the six Rubis-class nuclear submarines in the French Navy. During a joint resistance exercise in 2015 between the French and US Navy, a Rubis submarine “sank” the US aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt.

This exercise took place within 10 days off the coast of Florida, to test the performance and combat capabilities of this aircraft carrier after 4 years of overhaul at a cost of up to 2.6 billion USD.

The French submarine named SNA Saphir S602, belonging to the Rubis nuclear attack submarine class participated in exercises with the US Navy’s Carrier Task Force No. 12, including the USS Theodore Roosevelt ( CVN-71), multiple Ticonderoga-class cruisers and Arleigh Burke class Aegis destroyers and a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine.

Phase 1 of the maneuvers went well when the French navy’s SNA Saphir nuclear submarine was ordered to join the allied US forces in a simulated conflict, in which the states thought The statue attacked the economic and territorial interests of the United States.

By the second phase of the exercise, the submarine SNA Saphir acted as an enemy submarine, with the mission to find and destroy the giant US aircraft carrier.

To do this, Saphir spent days stalking, bypassing the outer barrier under constant threat from P-3C Orion anti-submarine patrol aircraft and P-8A Poseidon of the US Navy, zones Arleigh Burke class destroyers and other anti-submarine defense ships.

The Saphir dodged the detection of anti-submarine forces, broke into the defense systems of the carrier group to avoid detection of long-range anti-submarine equipment and quietly approached the ship. airports worth billions of dollars of the US Navy.

The Saphir was close to the American aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt and commanded the carrier to lock the target of the carrier in his periscope. The French submarines were then only a few hundred meters from the American aircraft carrier, within the effective range of anti-ship weapons such as torpedoes and Exoxet anti-ship missiles.

Both the US aircraft carrier combat information center held its breath when it discovered the incident and was alarmed when it was attacked by French ships. An attack order was issued, and the Saphir “sunk” theoretically the USS Theodore Roosevelt and most of her escort ships.

According to the announcement, the test program for the Belgorod submarine and the Poseidon torpedo will be completed in September 2021. The ship is now fully equipped, and factory-grade testing has also been performed.

“The nuclear reactor has been started aboard the Belgorod. The mooring tests are underway. Then there will be factory and state tests. By September, the ship must be completed.” entire test cycle, “the Russian Navy said in a statement.

Super nuclear submarine Belgorod.

“Upon completion of testing and entry into service, the first Belgorod will be us on the Northern Fleet. Then the Pacific Ocean will be the next area for the Belgorod and the Poseidon nuclear torpedo to appear.” , the source added.

Under this plan, the Russian Navy will give priority to equipping a total of 32 nuclear torpedoes for the Northern Fleet and the Pacific Fleet. All of these weapons will be fired from the Khabarovsk-class Belgorod nuclear submarines.

The Belgorod submarines are capable of detecting sea and air targets at a distance of hundreds of kilometers, making them more likely than the Yasen and Borei-class ships.

Talking about the reasons for prioritizing Belgorod and Poseidon for the two regions above, especially the Arctic, the source said, stemming from the increased US operations in the Arctic, especially the move to bring the USS. Harry S. Truman at the end of 2018, dispatched planes to hunt underground and reinforce military bases in this area.

The US has decided to spend $ 1.3 billion to reopen Adak airport and deploy the P-8A. The small runway located on Adak Island in the Aleutian Islands chain is the westernmost airport that can accommodate passenger aircraft in the United States. This small airport currently welcomes 2 flights a week of Air Alaska.

Fully known as the Adak Naval Aviation Facility, this small airport has been commercially operated since the withdrawal of the US Navy in 1997. But due to the increasing activity of Russia and China in the Arctic, the US decided to increase the ability to patrol the North Pole.

“The airport has the fuel facilities that Air Alaska currently uses to fuel its aircraft. The airport also has defrosting facilities that we can use to wash P-8A aircraft with fresh water”, a representative of the US Navy said.

“Russian friends are starting five runways and 10,000 Spetsnaz soldiers (in the Arctic) for search and rescue operations. China has also increased its presence there,” he added. are there “.

In addition to airport renovation and P-8A, the US Department of Defense has also publicly sent the F-35 stealth fighter to Alaska. However, the US military admitted, to compete with Russia in the Arctic, such investment is not enough. To do that, the US needs to have a strong enough icebreaker fleet, but that is not possible for the US at the moment.

As the US currently has only two outdated icebreakers, the Pentagon still has to rely on them to carry out its missions. The US has ordered a new series of icebreakers, but this will take time and they will wait years to have these modern icebreakers.

Meanwhile, Russia has a powerful fleet of icebreakers. First of all, it must be remembered that Russia has a good tradition of arming icebreakers on its own. During the 30s of the last century, during the development of Project 51 Russia created icebreakers and equipped them with some 130 mm and 76 mm caliber cannons, as well as heavy machine guns. All of these warships participated in the military operations of the Great Patriotic War and survived.

These experiences were later used to design nuclear icebreakers. These new types of icebreakers can be equipped with a four-barrel 45 mm automatic gun, ammunition cellar and other equipment. All weapons and ammunition for Soviet nuclear-powered ships were carefully stored in ports.

The Arctic project’s icebreakers can carry two AK-726 twin-barreled 76 mm cannons and four AK-630 six-barrel 30 mm assault rifles. Along with that, the Russian Navy has also started the process of testing with the new generation nuclear-powered icebreaker Ivan Papanin equipped with cruise missiles.

Therefore, it can be said that the Russian icebreaker fleet is the most powerful in the world. So, competing with Russia in the Arctic is almost impossible for the US right now, especially when Russia retrofits Belgorod submarines and Poseidon nuclear torpedoes.