Illustration. One of the most isolated places in the world is the Vale do Javari region in the Amazon forest area. It is home to 14 Amazon tribes and they do not have any contact with the outside world. The area covers an area of ​​86,000 square kilometers, which is about the size of Austria. According to The Guardian, in March 2019, an expedition was organized by the agency for indigenous Brazilians, with the aim of easing tensions between two rival indigenous groups in the Vale do Javari region. The slums Looking at a map of a city, you will see clearly indicated streets, parks, highways, and buildings. However, in some cities, there are areas that do not appear on the map. According to BBC Future, in cities like Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria, the slums are not depicted on the map because these areas are not the top priority here. In fact, many of the largest cities in the world have large communities with impoverished populations that live there and never appear on maps. Cenotes Yucatán Cenotes, Mexico According to photographer Klaus Thymann, this underwater cave system is located in the Yucatán peninsula of Mexico. This cave system is thousands of kilometers long and has not been explored since the Mayan period; and it doesn’t exist on any map. Klaus Thymann begins the exploration of the Yucatán Cenotes cave system and takes pictures of it, with a desire to raise awareness about this unique cave preservation. Rivers flow through caves and form the aquifer of Yucatán and support about 11 different ecosystems. Gangkhar Puensum Mountain, Bhutan This is probably the tallest mountain in the world that has not been conquered yet, it is estimated its height is about 3,000 meters. This mountain has not been mapped and unlike others, it has yet to be explored for spiritual reasons. For the locals, some areas on the mountain have been refugees for Buddhist saints for centuries and the mountains themselves have been home to gods and goddesses. Patagonia, Argentina and Chile regions According to Geospatial World, Patagonia region stretches almost as far as Antarctica. It is littered with tropical forests, glaciers, so remote and inhospitable that it is almost impossible to map. Mapping this area is a difficult and dangerous task, as the ice fields here are comparable to those of the polar ice. Northern mountain forest complex, Myanmar The US economic sanctions against Myanmar for many years have helped the country successfully protect most of its primary forests from the effects of economic development. But this seems to be changing, the area of ​​primary forest is disappearing and with it many vulnerable species. However, it is very difficult to assess the damage because there are almost no roads in the forest and very few people can come in to assess the situation. This means primeval forests are likely to disappear before it has been fully mapped. Cape Melville Cape, Australia Cape Melville is a cape off the coast of Queensland. And a surrounding wall made of granite has separated this headland from human exploration. Although the habitat inside the rainforest in the headland is effectively protected, it also means that the area is virtually unmapped. North Sentinel Island, India North Sentinel Island is part of the Andaman Islands between India and Myanmar. Due to the local population’s hostility towards outsiders (who are not Sentinel residents), this place has not been explored and mapped. In 2006, a boat carrying two fishermen drifted into the farmland of North Sentinel Island and they were killed there. Since then, there have been other reports of tribes firing arrows at passing helicopters. Ocean bottom The vast ocean floor and the bottom of the five oceans cover up to 71% of the earth’s surface. Even though we have mapped the ocean floor, according to The Conversation of Australia, the map is clearly low resolution. In fact, our map of the ocean floor is less detailed than our map of Mars, Moon and Venus. That is because the water flow has blocked the mapping tools. But oceanographers are still researching and conducting more perfect, detailed ocean floor mapping. Sandy Island, South Pacific Some locations that actually exist are not mapped, while areas that do not exist are shown on the map. One example is Sandy Island located in the south of the Pacific Ocean. This island appears on marine maps, world maps as well as on Google Earth and Google Maps. But when the scientists began to study this supposedly located halfway between Australia and New Caledonia, they discovered it didn’t exist there and probably never existed. Even so, the island has been on the map for many years and it is thought that it was just a mistake.

Oos Lions, hyenas and other predators still stalk the wildebeest, preventing them from eating too much of the plant. The variety of plants and grass supports other species, from fish birds to insects. In turn, these animals carry seeds or pollen throughout the plains, creating conditions for many types of plants to reproduce. Humans also appear there, but with relatively meager density. This is a prime example of an intact ecosystem: complex relationships that together maintain the rich diversity of the Earth. According to a survey of the ecosystems on Earth, most of the land on Earth – about 97% – no longer qualifies for ecological integrity. Researchers announced on April 15 in the journal Frontiers in Forest and Global Change: in the past 500 years, too many species have been either extinct or in decline. Specifically, scientists set the year 1500 AD, which means that only parts of the world are ecologically intact like 500 years ago with the addition of species of similar abundance. can be considered a wilderness. As a result, only 2.8% of planet Earth’s surface matches the description. These “wild plaques”, each with an area of ​​10,000 square kilometers or more, are scattered in various parts of the world. Of the few intact ecosystems, only about 11% of the land is in existing protected areas. These include Nouabale-Ndoki National Park in Congo, Serengeti-Ngorongoro in Tanzania, Alto Rio Negro indigenous territory in the Amazon forest, Great Siberian Polynya in northern Russia, and Kawésqar National Park in southern Chile. These are very rare and special places to be preserved, but only 11% of them are in protected areas. “Those are the best of the best, the last places on Earth have not lost a species as we know it,” said Oscar Venter, a conservation scientist at the University of North British Columbia. . It is important to identify such places, he said, especially for areas under development threats that need protection, such as the Amazon rainforest. Conservation scientists have long tried to map places that have not been affected by human activity. Researchers estimate that 20-40% of the Earth’s soil surface can be considered ecologically intact. But what can be detected by satellite is the ugly reality of the true extent of wildlife habitat. Beneath the seemingly intact tree canopy, the extinction of mammals and large birds from hunting, invasive species or disease has undermined the biodiversity of the areas. wild in the world. Biologist Andrew Plumptre, University of Cambridge said: “Hunting, impact of invasive species, climate change – these can harm ecosystems, but they are not easily detected. right through the satellite ”. Plumptre and his colleagues began looking for habitats that fully retain natural species, in abundance, in 1500 AD. That is the basis that the International Union for Conservation of Nature uses to evaluate the extinction of species, even though humans have changed their ecosystems by wiping out many large mammals over the past thousands of years. Overall, the amount of ecologically intact soil “is much lower than we expected,” said Plumptre. This shows how terribly man has affected nature. Some scientists question whether study authors are too strict in their definition of ecosystem integrity. Many ecosystems around the world have lost one or two species, but they remain vibrant, diverse communities. The decline of some species may not cause a catastrophe to the entire ecosystem, as other species may replace the role of lost species. The researchers calculated that while only 3% of the land is currently ecologically intact, bringing in up to five species lost could restore 20% of the land as before. This helps the ecosystem gradually return to balance.

Cleio Junior, a firefighter at the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, discovered a dead anteater while he was on a fire control mission near the Amazonas state. Photo: Reuters. The above data is based on the research results of MAAP when conducting the analysis of very high resolution satellite images and data, recorded in the territories of all countries in the Amazon Delta, including Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana and Surinam. Accordingly, the Amazon’s primary forest area lost in the past year alone is equivalent to that of the Central American nation of El Salvador. The countries with the most loss of Amazon primary forests in 2020 are Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador, respectively. Still according to the MAAP, more than 65% of deforestation of the entire Amazon region in 2020 was recorded in Brazil. South America’s largest country by acreage has lost a total of 1.5 million hectares of forest in the past year, up more than 13% from the year before. The area of ​​deforestation in Brazil is nearly twice the size of Puerto Rico and is mainly concentrated in the south of the country. Meanwhile, the deforestation area in Bolivia in 2020 amounted to a record 240,000 hectares, mainly due to the fires occurring in the Southeast of the country that destroyed the forests in the ecosystems. Chiquitano and Chaco slices. In the case of Peru, the country lost 190,000 hectares of primary forest last year, up 18% from 2019 and also a record number. The main cause of deforestation in Peru is attributed to the burning of forests for arable land. Since mid-2019, data from the early warning satellite system showed that the deforestation rate in the Amazon rainforest in Brazil tended to increase, to the fastest in a decade. According to the Brazilian Institute of Aerospace Research (INPE), the alarm system recorded forest deforestation in May up to 739 km2. This is higher than the 550 square kilometers recorded in May 2018, and twice as high as the area of ​​forest that was destroyed two years ago. According to the head of INPE, Claudio Almeida, 2019 is a “bad year” for the Amazon. As the country with the most area of ​​Amazon, but Brazil is also the country with the most forest loss in 2018 with nearly 16,187 km2. The main reason is due to deforestation for livestock, soybean cultivation and mining. According to the data of Mapbiomas – a research project on the disappearance of protective forest areas in the Amazon forest, in the last 30 years there has been 953,000 hectares of lost forest including protected areas, lands indigenous and inland lands. It is recognized that this figure is equivalent to 6 times the size of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil’s largest city and South America. The results of Mapbiomas add that, excluding protection forests, the Amazon forest area destroyed in the past 30 years has reached 39.8 million hectares, equivalent to 19% of the total natural forest area ever existed. in 1985. Satellite imagery also shows that 84% of the lost area of ​​the world’s largest rainforest has become agricultural land, including pastures and pastures. farmyard. In early December 2020, the European Union (EU) envoy to Brazil, Ambassador Ignacio Ybanez said, until Brazil has not committed to preventing deforestation of the Amazon, the Free Trade Agreement between the EU and the South American Common Market (Mercosur) will not be approved by the parliament of the EU member states to come into force. This happens when the world is concerned about the “green lung of the Earth” that is Amazon being burned more and more. The EU Embassy in Brazil mentioned the deforestation of the Amazon and participation in the Paris Agreement on climate change. In fact, the Amazon wildfire is already at an alarming rate. It not only affects a few countries but is also global because it is the largest forest in the world with immeasurable value.

The Amazon forest was cut down in Brazil. Documentary photo: AFP / VNA According to a report based on satellite data by the Global Forest Monitoring Organization, Brazil was the most severely damaged, the area of ​​destroyed forest in the country was 3 times higher than that of the second ranked country, the DRC. . In 2020, up to 4.2 million hectares of primary forest in the tropics will be destroyed, 12% higher than the previous year. Altogether in 2020, the tropical regions will lose 12.2 million hectares of greenery, including forests and tree plantations, mainly due to agricultural activities. Researchers also pointed out that extreme heat and drought have also caused wildfires, burning vast forests in Australia, Siberia and deep in the Amazon region. The author of the report, Ms. Frances Seymour of the World Resources Institute said that these losses reflect a state of emergency in climate. This is not only an ecosystem crisis, but also a humanitarian disaster, loss of economic potential. The study has provided some evidence that the restrictions imposed by countries to prevent the COVID-19 epidemic are also impacting this trend worldwide, as it increases the rate of illegal exploitation due to the forests are no longer protected, or more people have returned to the countryside. The researchers warn that the worst consequences will happen if countries stop protecting forests for economic purposes. However, according to Ms Seymour, the “worst sign” of last year was that forests became victims of climate change, according to which wetlands are still burning. According to research, trees and soils absorb up to 30% more carbon produced by human pollution each year, so the rapid disappearance of tropical forests will result. Uncompensable damage to the Earth’s ecosystem. The researchers emphasize that destroying tropical primeval forests in 2020 will emit 2.64 tons of CO2, the equivalent of India’s annual emissions, or 570 million cars, or twice as much. the emissions of all vehicles circulating in the US. Ms. Seymour warned that the more the world is delaying preventing deforestation, or slowly pushing towards the goal of neutralizing emissions, the more likely it is that natural forests that absorb CO2 on Earth will disappear completely. In Brazil, the government has cut budgets for environmental programs, leaving many Amazon lands to be exploited for resources and agribusiness, resulting in 1.7 million hectares of primary forest being destroyed in 2020. , up 25% from 2019. Meanwhile, the Pantanal tropical wetlands, the paradise of ecosystems stretching from Brazil to Bolivia, also suffered many fires. Bolivia is the country with the third highest deforestation rate in the world in 2020. Indonesia is a bright spot when reducing deforestation rate by 17% compared to 2019 and for the first time in 20 years, it escapes the group of three countries with the highest deforestation rate in the world. Deforestation rate in Indonesia has decreased for 4 consecutive years. Last year wet weather, combined with government policies, had had a long-term positive impact on the destruction of primary forests, researchers say. Forests cover more than 30% of the Earth’s area, while tropical forests are home to 50-90% of all terrestrial creatures. Earlier this week, research published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution estimated that growing commodity demand in rich countries is accelerating deforestation in tropical regions. Recent studies have warned that to a certain point, deforestation in the Amazon threatens to change the climate of the entire region, turning tropical forests into savannas.

According to the IPBES report in 2019, about 75% of the land area and 66% of the sea area on Earth has been “significantly changed” by humans. Livestock and farming are using more than 33% of the land and 75% of the fresh water. Agricultural activities are one of the main causes of greenhouse gas emissions, due to the use of fertilizers and deforestation for aquaculture. Plants and animals are also threatened by overharvesting and hunting; Climate Change; pollution and the spread of alien species. About a million species of plants and animals are facing extinction. Without strong measures, endemic landscapes and ecosystems on Earth will soon disappear forever Avenue of the baobab (Madagascar) Bao Bap Boulevard is the name of a group of old trees located along the dirt road connecting Morondava and Belon’i Tsiribihina, in the Menabe region in western Madagascar. Its magnificent scenery attracts visitors from all over the world, making it one of the most popular in the region. Faced with climate change and human farming activities, the fate of these baobab trees is increasingly threatened. At present, many efforts to preserve this place have been made, in the hope of preserving this fairy-tale avenue. Image: Economic Times. Yew Lake Caddo (Texas / Louisiana, USA) The 25,400-hectare Caddo Lake-Swamp, located on the border between Texas and Louisiana, is famous for its submerged conifer forest. Hundred-year old moss-covered larch trees lie on the water’s surface, setting the scene in Tolkien’s novels. Threatened by global warming and alien organisms, the growth rate of yew here has decreased rapidly. This is a protected wetland on an international level. Currently, visitors can explore this place by kayak. Image: Itookapic. Amazon Forest (South America) The Amazon forest stretches across many South American countries and is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, famous for its biodiversity. There are thousands of rivers here, creating an ecological environment for the rich flora and fauna, as well as providing a source of life for people. However, the increasing rate of deforestation and the global climate change have caused the forest area to shrink rapidly. With this momentum, according to a study published in Nature Communications, Amazon forests could turn into deserts within 50 years after their ecosystems reach the point of collapse. Image: Scoop. Dead Sea (Israel and Jordan) As the lowest inland area of ​​sea level, Dead Sea water has an average salinity of up to 35%, 10 times higher than normal seawater, making people float on the water and contain many minerals therapy. Experts believe that this water area will completely disappear in the next 50 years. Over the past four decades, the area of ​​the Dead Sea has shrunk by one third, and the water level has receded more than 24 meters, averaging 30 centimeters per year. The main reason is that the Jordan River – the main water source of the Dead Sea – is increasingly used by Jordan, Syria and Israel for domestic and agricultural purposes. This area is under additional pressure from cosmetic factories exploiting raw materials. Image: Walk My World. Great Barrier Reef (Australia) Australia’s huge coral ecosystem is about the size of Japan, with more than 2,900 separate coral reefs and 900 islands spread across an area of ​​344,400 square kilometers. However, scientists believe that by 2030, this place will disappear. The Australian Foundation says warming seawater, combined with water with a higher acidity, can kill 97% of the corals in the Great Barrier. Image: CNTraveler. Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) Located 1,000km inland, this is home to many endemic plant and animal species. Charles Darwin arrived here in 1835. Observations of species at the Galápagos inspired his later theory of evolution. However, the ecosystem here is threatened by overfishing as well as the warming of the sea water. Coral reefs are dying, and native animals are threatened by tourism. Image: Lonely Planet. Congo Basin (Africa) The Congo Basin spans the territory of 6 African countries, and is the second largest rainforest in the world, only after the Amazon. This place has about 10,000 species of tropical plants, 30% of which are endemic, along with many rare wild animals such as wild elephants, gorillas, chimpanzees … This is also inhabited by humans. for more than 50,000 years, it has provided food, water and shelter to more than 80 million people. Every year, two million hectares of forests in the Congo basin are destroyed, due to illegal logging, cultivation, mining, war … If conservation efforts are not accelerated, Scientists estimate that by 2040, about two-thirds of the forest will disappear. Image: Profor. Alaska Territory (Alaska, USA) The vast ice that covers the western and northern coasts of Alaska are the coldest biomes in the world. However, in recent years, the northern part of Alaska has seen a dramatic rise in temperature – faster than the global average, which has resulted in the melting of permafrost. Catastrophic fires also occurred, making the environment more fragile. The increasing rate of coastal erosion also has a direct effect on polar bears and their prey. Patagonian ice area (Argentina) As the largest subarctic ice in the southern hemisphere, the Patagonian ice sheet consists of three main zones: North, South and Cordillera Darwin. In total, they hold up to 5,500 gigatons of ice, enough to raise global sea levels 15 millimeters if all they melted. Its beautiful scenery has long been a world-famous tourist destination, for nature enthusiasts. However, the glaciers of Patagonia are thinning at an average rate of 1.8 m / year due to climate change and human impacts. Only three of them have expanded in recent years, but the rest – 90% – is shrinking. Image: Pexels.

1. What kind of animal has the terrible wildfire disaster in Australia in 2019 killed in total 30%? Icon Kangaroo Icon Koala Icon Squirrel The correct answer is answer B: The terrible wildfire disaster is unprecedented in Australian history, causing serious damage to people and property as well as devastating wildlife. Forest fire broke out from November 2019, to January 7, 2020, burned more than 8 million hectares of land, more than 1,800 houses and thousands of other facilities, at least 25 people were killed. According to statistics, nearly 500 million animals, including 8,000 koalas (Koala bears – 30% of all koalas in Australia) have died because they could not escape from the ‘sea of ​​fire’. 2. Estimated, how many wildfires were recorded in Brazil during the first 8 months of 2019? Icon Nearly 69,000 cases Icon Nearly 79,000 cases Icon Nearly 89,000 cases The correct answer is B: Nearly 79,000 wildfires were recorded in Brazil during the first eight months of 2019, the highest since 2013, and half of them occurred in the Amazon forest, where it is considered ‘ the planet’s green lungs. According to the National Institute of Space Research in Brazil, on August 23 and 24 alone, there were more than 1,600 new fires continuing to break out in the Amazon. Wildfires affect the lives of more than 30 million people living near the Amazon rainforest. The Amazon is declining with deforestation momentum and the immediate aftermath of the Amazon wildfires is that huge amounts of CO2 will be released. This destruction greatly affects the ecological diversity of humans and organisms around the world. 3. The great fire in Tokyo city (Japan) in 1923 caused 142,000 deaths from where? Icon Earthquake Icon Short-circuit Icon Flood The correct answer is answer A: The cause of the fire stemmed from the Kanto earthquake of magnitude about 8 Richter. The earthquake struck at noon on Saturday, September 1, 1923, while many families were cooking lunch, causing fires to break out all over the city. Strong winds blowing in from an offshore storm made the fire burst into a fierce storm of fire. Due to frequent earthquakes in Japan, houses at that time were built mostly of wood. The earthquake caused another tsunami that swept ashore from outside Tokyo Bay. These factors combined caused massive devastation, killing 142,000 people, destroying 570,000 houses and leaving 1.9 million people in a dire and ground. 4. How many people died in the 1949 Zhenjiang City Fire in Jiangsu Province (China)? Icon 7,000 people Icon 8,000 people Icon 9,000 people The correct answer is the answer A: On September 3, 1949, in the small city of Zhenjiang (with a specialty of the world famous Tieu vinegar), there was a big fire. The cause is unknown, but about 7,000 residents died. 5. Great fire in the city of San Francisco (USA) in 1906 is said to be the most damaged property in history? Icon It’s correct Icon Wrong The correct answer is answer A: This fire was included in the Guinness World Record book for causing the most damage to property in history. A 7.8 magnitude earthquake occurred in the early morning of April 18, 1906, causing a large fire that lasted for three days. Earthquakes and fires destroyed 80% of the city, with 25,000 buildings collapsed and killing 3,000 people. The rescuers’ use of explosives to knock down buildings to create a ring to prevent the spread of fire made the situation worse. It is estimated that about 50% of buildings collapsed in the fire were caused by explosives. The value of physical assets damaged up to 350 million dollars in 1906 prices, equivalent to the total national budget of the United States at that time (about 6.9 billion dollars at present times). 6. How many people died in the Great Fire in London (England) in 1212? Icon 1,000 Icon 2,000 Icon 3,000 The correct answer is answer C: The capital of England is famous for having suffered the most fires. From 1130-1666, a total of 6 major fires occurred in this city. The fire in 1212 alone was the deadliest in British history, with 3,000 people dying and burning a third of the city. In 1666, London City suffered another fire. The fire burned for 3 days from September 2 to September 5, 1666, but fortunately did not cause much damage to people (only about a dozen people died), but burned 13,200 houses, causing 70,000 people to fall. homeless scene. 7. What was the fire at Companía de Jesus church in Santiago (Chile) in 1863? Icon A candle fell Icon Cigarette ashes Icon A sheep was lit on a church lighter by a lighter The correct answer is the answer A: The fire at Companía de Jesus Church, Santiago (Chile) in 1863 This is the most devastating fire in the history of the capital of Chile. On the evening of December 8, 1863, a large number of parishioners went to Compania de Jesus Church to attend the great feast of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception. Inside the church is illuminated with many oil lamps and candles, the walls are full of decorative veils. The fire broke out at 7:00 p.m., a gust of wind spilled a candle, igniting the wall veil. The fire spread throughout the church. Since the side doors have been locked to allow room for the attendees, the only way out is the main door. In the panic, people have jostled and pushed to escape, so they blocked this exit. By the time the firefighters broke through the doors, it was too late. Up to 2,500 people were killed in the fire. Result Please work harder! point