This is a program approved by the Prime Minister in 2013, in order to focus on developing synchronously the infrastructure system, human resources and intermediary institutions of the science and technology market in order to improve operational efficiency. application and technology transfer; promote supply and demand relationships for science and technology products and services. Mr. Pham Duc Nghiem – Deputy Director of the Department of Market Development and Science and Technology Enterprises (Ministry of Science and Technology), in charge of Program 2075 – visited the exhibition booth of the research team including Pharmacist Phan Ke Son and Assoc. Dr. Ha Phuong Thu (Institute of Materials Science). This commercialization project is chaired and implemented by the Institute of Materials Science, in collaboration with CVI Cosmetics Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Company with funding from the State Budget and reciprocal funding from enterprises – companies. CVI company for raw materials, machinery and equipment. The close cooperation between scientists and enterprises not only helps the successful research of the project but also transfers the research results into commercial products to the market. However, during the implementation of the project, the Department of Market Development and Science and Technology Enterprises of the Ministry of Science and Technology – the focal unit to implement the 2075 Program – played an important bridging role. , while actively following the project’s tasks, completing the legal environment, improving the efficiency of state management of the S&T market; promote S&T market service activities as well as technology demand and improve technology transfer capacity. Through the 2075 program, with the support of the Department of Market Development and science and technology enterprises, the project has completed the technological process of manufacturing functional foods from three-size nanomaterials and commercializing them. successful technological process as well as functional food products. In addition, the 2075 Program has helped promote the connection between state agencies and agencies, science and technology enterprises, innovative start-ups and intermediaries and thereby improve effective commercialization of technology, contributing to attracting stakeholders to the S&T market.

Speculation about the mysterious origin of the aurora has been around for a long time. But until now, unsubstantiated inferences have been clearly proven. The mystery has been revealed According to a new study published in the journal Nature, a team of physicists from the University of Iowa has finally demonstrated that the aurora is “generated by strong electromagnetic waves during geomagnetic storms.” The Northern Lights appear over a waterfall in Iceland. Photo: Getty Images. Research shows that these phenomena are known as Alfven waves, which launch electrons to Earth, causing the particles to produce a stream of light that scientists call the aurora borealis. “The measurements reveal that the small number of electrons undergo ‘resonant acceleration’ by the electric field of the Alfven wave, similar to a surfer catching a wave and continuing to accelerate while surfing with the wave,” said Deputy Professor Greg Howes, of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Iowa, is also a co-author of the study, said. The idea that electrons “surf” on an electromagnetic field is a hypothesis first introduced in 1946 by Russian physicist Lev Landau. The theory is named after the physicist who called it Landau damping. After more than 70 years, the Landau damping theory has been proven. Aurora re-creation After decades of research, scientists have understood how the aurora is produced, but only now have they been able to simulate these colorful bands of light. For the first time, artificial auroras have been recreated in the lab using large plasma physics equipment (LPD) at UCLA’s Basic Plasma Science Facility (BaPSF). Auroras observed from the International Space Station. Photo: NASA. According to the CNN , the scientists used a 20-meter-long room to reconstruct the Earth’s magnetic field using powerful magnetic coils on UCLA’s LPD instrument. Inside the room, the scientists created a plasma environment similar to what exists in near-Earth space. “Using a specially designed antenna, we project Alfven waves down the machine, just like when you quickly shake a water hose up and down and watch the waves move along the hose,” Mr Howes said. When they began to experience electrons “surfing” along the wave, they used other specialized instruments to assess how the electrons received energy from the wave. “Although the experiment did not reproduce the range of multicolored light in the sky, our measurements in the laboratory matched predictions from computer simulations and mathematical calculations, demonstrating that the Electrons surfing on Alfven waves can accelerate up to 72 million km / h and create aurora,” Mr Howes said. Study co-author Craig Kletzing added that these experiments allow them to make key measurements to prove the spatial and hypothetical measurements that actually explain how the aurora is produced. The aurora was taken in Alaska. Photo: Getty Images. Many space scientists are also excited by this new news. “I feel so excited! There are very few laboratory experiments that can prove hypotheses and models related to the space environment. Because space is so vast that it can’t be simulated in a lab,” said Patrick Koehn, a scientist in NASA’s Helicopter Physics Division. According to Koehn, understanding the acceleration mechanism of the electrons that produce the aurora will be useful for many future studies. Long road ahead Currently, the theory of how the aurora is generated has been proven, but there is still a long way to go to predict the strength of each upcoming storm. “Predicting the strength of a particular geomagnetic storm, based on observations of the Sun and measurements from spacecraft between the Earth and the Sun, remains a difficult unsolved problem.” Mr Howes said. Howes said they have established the bond of electrons surfing on Alfven waves about more than 16,000 km above the Earth’s surface. And now, they must learn to predict the strength of those Alfven waves using spaceship observatories.

For the past four billion years, life on Earth has been endless. But now on Earth there are only nearly 10 million species of creatures, this number is only 1% of the total number of species that have ever lived on Earth, the remaining 99% has disappeared in the long river of the Earth. Although our planet is a vibrant planet, it is very difficult for any living species to survive long on Earth. Over time, the Earth’s climate will continue to change and some ancient species have been unable to adapt to this change, leading to extinction. In addition, life on Earth could also be threatened by deadly threats from space. For example, a gamma-ray burst from a supernova could destroy Earth’s atmosphere and cause deadly cosmic radiation to reach our planet’s surface. Most life on Earth wouldn’t be able to withstand this. 450 million years ago a supernova caused the first mass extinction of the space threat on Earth. On the other hand, the impact of a giant asteroid falling to Earth will also cause drastic changes in climate, disrupt the food chain and cause mass death for life on Earth. The fifth mass extinction 65 million years ago was probably also caused by an asteroid collision. In addition to the threat from space, on Earth there may be superbugs that humans can’t fight off. Humanity also possesses nuclear weapons capable of destroying all life on Earth. Although humanity has enough intelligence to create such a powerful weapon, it is not known if humanity is intelligent enough to not use nuclear bombs on a large scale. And also for various reasons, Hawking believes that in order to continue to exist, humanity must expand its habitat into space in the future. Only by taking precautions and leaving Earth before disaster strikes and colonizing other planets can humans better cope with unknown disasters. So which planets should humans migrate to? Is there a “Second Earth” in the universe? Proxima b’s host star is Proxima Centauri – part of a trio of strange stars that scientists are still studying. The other two stars are binary – meaning they orbit the same center of gravity and are collectively known as Alpha Centauri. Although this “Second Earth” has similar properties to the Earth – where we live, Proxima b is still a mysterious and alien world. In the solar system, although life can exist on some satellites, but apart from Earth, there are no planets suitable for human existence. To achieve the goal of space colonization, we can only look beyond the extent of the familiar solar system. Current statistics show that almost every solar system has planets, and there are hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way, so there should be multiple targets to choose from. People need to choose rocky planets that are in the habitable zone, because only when the distance between the planet and the sun is neither too close nor too far can liquid water exist on its surface. Proxima b exists right in the middle of the habitable zone of stars, where water could theoretically exist in liquid form. Compared to our sun, Proxima Centauri’s habitable zone is very close to its host star. Scientists once believed that red dwarf stars like Proxima could not exist on habitable planets that were orbiting so close. But now, scientists think red dwarfs might be the best place to look for other habitable planets. And recently, astronomers discovered that Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our solar system, has a planet called Proxima Centauri b. This planet is a rocky planet the size of Earth and it is also in a habitable zone. Although Proxima b is the closest exoplanet to the solar system at a distance of only 4.2 light-years, humans are currently not capable of flying to this planet. Even with today’s fastest spacecraft, if we want to set foot there, it will take us tens of thousands of years to fly to Proxima b. However, humanity has never backed down from difficulties, we have been able to cross the ocean, as well as cross the distant interstellar space to reach the strange world, so it is very possible in the future , people will set foot here.

As life expectancy increases, it means that we will have to live with many chronic health problems such as cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, etc. and must take drugs to control these conditions. However, when the disease is stable or in good progress, some drugs will be considered to be discontinued to minimize “multi-drug” and adverse interactions. The scientists found that, among more than 29,000 adults aged 65 and older, who stopped taking cholesterol-lowering medications (while maintaining other medications), had an increased risk of having a cardiovascular emergency. and death. “The results of this study suggest that cutting back on statins may not be the optimal way,” said lead author Federico Rea, of the University of Milan. The patients in the study were taking a statin (such as lipitor) along with blood thinners, blood pressure medications, and diabetes medications from October 1, 2013 to January 31, 2015, and were followed up until January 31, 2015. ends June 30, 2018. Compared with those who continued to take statins, patients who stopped taking them were 24% more likely to need hospital care for heart failure, 14% more likely to have certain other heart conditions, and more likely to die. mortality from any cause is higher than 15%. They were also 12% more likely to need emergency treatment. Because the benefits of statins outweigh the risks in terms of cardiovascular protection, physicians should carefully consider discontinuing their use in elderly patients, the researchers said. Often doctors and patients want to cut off certain medications in the elderly, to avoid having to take multiple medications at once, reduce drug burden, and limit drug interactions… However, this is not always the case. is a safe choice. When deciding to discontinue medication, the physician should carefully consider the evidence based on it. Dr. Benjamin Hirsh, Sandra Atlas Bass Heart Hospital said. The American Heart Association recommends starting statins before age 75 for patients who need it, and continuing it in patients over 75 years of age who can tolerate it. This study further reinforces the benefit of continued statin treatment in older adults, even among those taking multiple other medications. Dr. Gregg Fonarow, University of California said. Jade ( According to Drugs 6/2021 )

The work is in the Top 10 scientific books of the year by Booklist, Top 11 books of the Daily Beast and was voted by the New York Times Book Review as a Notable Book in 2012. (Source: Medisights) The faces of murderers are different With disease origin, David Quammen weaves an exceptional story, a detective novel with very different, but also very real, killers. They are viruses, bacteria and protozoa that cause disease in animals, but sometimes, they will change their target and jump to humans. Each chapter of the book is a journey in pursuit of a new criminal, led by a team of detectives from all over the world. The book is the notes of David Quammen in the process of accompanying them, following the traces to find the culprit. After the first chapter on the terrible virus that decimates both horses and humans, the Ebola virus emerges through a dark story, with dead gorillas stacked on top of each other, carrion in the woods and magic. The story doesn’t need the usual Ebola hype to create a macabre atmosphere (with bloody tears and melted organs) and the author doesn’t need to, because the disease itself terrible enough. He is more interested in delving into these diseases, learning what we already know about them and how that helps us prevent new diseases from appearing in the future, while limiting their consequences. their fruit. In each chapter, the diseases gradually become clear, starting with just a couple of rumors, a few mysterious deaths that seem unrelated to each other. The investigation process gradually unravels the problem, until finally the truth of the culprit is revealed. Along the way, we’ll see the myriad ways pathogens can move from host to host – through feces, secretions, mucus and blood – and explore possible dangerous behaviors leads to exposure: climbing trees, drinking date sap, eating or simply touching dead animals. The author also looks for unintentional accomplices who are animals that carry the disease before it is transmitted to humans: pigs, birds, monkeys, gorillas and bats. The Detective’s Journey However, the real heroes here are the detectives – scientists who work non-stop, from the lab to the field, looking for answers to cases committed by petty murderers. baby caused. Not only talented in describing how the virus works, David Quammen is also very successful in painting portraits of those heroes: from molecular biologists studying SARS “with the instincts of a epidemiologist with the courage of a red-faced monkey”, to the ecologist with a passion for exotic oriental dishes, to the veterinary pathologist with “the tough and stern body of a The former rugby player has passed the age of 40. The historical details can be found in the book as well: 19th century scientists used optical microscopes to look for tiny organisms in the blood cells of malaria patients, while the virus continued to hide behind a veil of mystery until the invention of the electron microscope in the 1930s. Readers also see important historical milestones such as: President Hoover banned the import of parrots into the United States; an outbreak of arthritis and a rash, preceded by contact with deer ticks, in the town of Lyme in Connecticut; and a series of seemingly harmless, but actually deadly, cases in a series of male patients in the United States in the 1980s. Author David Quammen. (Source: Town Hall Seattle) David Quammen has carried us around the world, from the labs to the field with investigators – bat traps in China, monkeys in Bangladesh, deep into the jungles of Cameroon. Towards the end of the book, we’ll leave reality a little behind and embark on a fictional voyage to the origins of HIV along the Congo River. The author also asserts that the appearance of diseases transmitted from animals, pathogens that find us from other organisms, is not new, but is on the rise. He seeks to find the reason behind that phenomenon in the final chapter of the book: the huge population of humans, along with the immense amount of livestock, the destruction of natural habitats, damaged ecosystems. disruption – things that can completely turn into a debate about nature’s revenge on humanity. David Quammen is one of today’s most influential journalists and authors, a three-time US National Magazine Award recipient. His articles have been published in famous magazines such as National Geographic, New York Times, Rolling Stone and Harpers.

Dr. David Muller with the high-density biopatch. Photo: Hung Vu. The technology allows researchers to use a bio-patch containing a dry layer of vaccine and then apply pressure from the injection device to deliver the vaccine into cells below the surface of the skin. Besides not using needles, this technology being tested on mice also has the outstanding advantage that it does not need to be stored in the cold chain. According to Dr David Muller, Australia’s leading virologist who was involved in the development of the new injection method, the Covid-19 vaccine delivered via a high-density biopatch induces a better immune response and faster. This technology has also shown to be more effective against dangerous variants of the current SARS-CoV-2 virus. What is unique about this single-dose vaccine technology, says Dr. Muller, is that it can help accelerate global vaccine coverage efforts, especially in low-income countries and regions of the world. remote areas. Tests to date have shown that when coated on a dry patch, the vaccine remains stable for at least 30 days in an environment of 25 degrees Celsius and 1 week if it is at 40 degrees Celsius. Using this technology, vaccines will not need to be preserved in complicated and expensive cold chains like today. The developers believe that the applicability of the new technology is very promising. In addition, scientists are also looking for funding to be able to conduct clinical trials on humans in the near future.

Our understanding of Earth’s ocean floor is less than that of Mars. Here, scientists believe that the unusual physical and chemical conditions associated with hydrothermal systems on the seafloor may have created the right environment for the origin of life on Earth. Mysterious Megaplume Scientists discovered large areas of thermal fluid in the ocean above volcanic ridges. These large and powerful hot waters, rich in chemicals, rising from the ocean floor are called megaplume. Their size is really huge, with a volume that can exceed 100 km3, equivalent to 40 million Olympic swimming pools. Although they appear to be related to subterranean mountain eruptions, their origin remains a mystery. In their study, the scientists used a mathematical model to explain the dispersion of volcanic ash across the ocean. Thanks to detailed mapping of a volcanic ash deposit in the Northeast Pacific, scientists know that this ash can spread up to several kilometers from an eruption. This cannot be easily explained by tides or other ocean currents. Instead, the results suggest that these water columns are very energetic. The energy required to drive the flow and carry the ash is surprisingly large, about 1 terawatt (nearly half of the energy needs of the entire United States at a time). The scientists calculated that this would create water columns of similar size as said. They have since produced strong evidence that megaplumes are associated with active seafloor eruptions and that they form very quickly, possibly within hours. So what is the source of heat and chemicals to make this megaplume? The most obvious candidate is of course newly erupting molten lava. At first glance, the scientists’ results seem to support this hypothesis. Accordingly, the formation of megaplume occurs simultaneously with the eruption of lava and volcanic ash. However, when the scientists calculated the amount of lava needed for the megaplume, it was unrealistically high, about 10 times larger than most underground lava flows. The scientists’ best guess is that although the occurrence of megaplumes is linked to undersea eruptions, they are mainly derived from depleted hydrothermal reservoirs present in the ocean. . As the lava directed upward to create undersea eruptions, it may have pushed this liquid hotter than 300 degrees Celsius along. Volcano erupts under the sea. Life in harsh environments In contrast to terrestrial volcanoes, detecting an eruption occurring on the seabed is extremely difficult. Therefore, there is still much for scientists to learn about submarine volcanism and its role in the marine environment. A new study by scientists Sam Pegler and David Ferguson at the University of Leeds (UK) published in the journal Nature Communications has yielded important insights. It’s amazing to find extreme ecophiles (polar biologists) around hydrothermal vents. This discovery expands what we know about life and where it exists. The fluid flow involved in megaplume formation may be the main mechanism in dispersing these microorganisms from their subterranean origin. If this is the case, deep-sea volcanism is an important factor influencing the geography of polar communities. Some scientists believe that the unusual physical and chemical conditions associated with undersea hydrothermal systems may have provided a suitable environment for the origin of life on Earth. Thus, the megaplume may have been involved in this dispersal of life across the ocean. In the absence of other sources of nutrients and light, these types of organisms would have been the first to exist on our planet. They are present because of the heat and chemicals that lava spews up the volcanoes under the sea. Because volcanic ash deposits carried by megaplume appear to be fairly common in the deep sea, the scientists’ study found that the proliferation of life through megaplume dispersal could be widespread. Although it is not yet possible to observe a deep-sea eruption firsthand, efforts are being made to collect data on submarine volcanic events. Most notable is the observatory at Axial Volcano in the Pacific Ocean. This seabed measuring device can transmit data in real time, recording ongoing events. Through such efforts, along with continued mapping and sampling of the ocean floor, the character of volcanism under the oceans is gradually being revealed.

Professor Marc Lipsitch, professor of epidemiology at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, said the scientists signed a letter published in the journal Science to call for the attention of the scientific community. “What we’re saying is that the available evidence doesn’t rule out a laboratory origin of COVID-19, nor does it rule out a natural origin. And there’s really no solid evidence either. It’s just that. There’s quite a bit of evidence lacking right now, and we’re calling for it to be addressed because it’s such an important question,” said Prof. Meanwhile, the Business Standard on May 29 said that since last year, Professor Angus Dalgleish (British) and Norwegian scientist Birger Sorensen have come to a conclusion about the possibility that “the SARS-CoV-2 virus originated from To confirm their position, the two scientists published a 22-page paper in the journal Biophysical Discovery, explaining that, in the course of their research Researching the vaccine, they discovered “special traces” that the virus was not of natural origin.The clue was a row of four amino acids, which generate a positive charge and bind to negative human cells. . “The law of nature is that you can’t have four positive amino acids in a row. The only way to have this is to make it yourself,” commented Professor Angus Dalgleish. The article by these two scientists also affirms: “We now have no doubt that the SARS-CoV-2 virus was purposefully manipulated, forcing us to reconsider the We think there are retro-engineered viruses. They changed the virus, then tried to figure it out in sequence years ago. We’ve seen leaks. We know it’s happening in the lab, and we know it’s happening. We also know from the reports we’ve found that the coronavirus is studied in Biosafety Level 2 or 3 laboratories.” Both scientists are respected experts: Prof Angus Dalgleish is a professor of oncology in London known for his groundbreaking work on HIV vaccines while Birger Sorensen is a virologist and president of Immunor Pharmaceuticals, which is developing a COVID-19 vaccine called Biovacc-19. On May 26, US President Joe Biden ordered the country’s intelligence community to unravel the conspiracy theory that the virus leaked from a Chinese laboratory and must provide an answer within 90 days. Doubts Apparently, the hypothesis that the SARS-CoV-2 virus could be the result of a scientific experiment has heated up the debate among scientists about the operation of the safest biological laboratories in the world today. . The Wuhan Institute of Virology, which is suspected of leaking the virus, is a virology research institute managed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Located in Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei, Wuhan Institute of Virology has China’s first biosafety level 4 (BSL – 4) laboratory and has close relations with the National Laboratory. Galveston in the US, the Center International de Recherche en Infectiologie in France, and the National Microbiology Laboratory in Canada. Gregory Koblentz, director of Biodefense Graduate, revealed that BSL-4 is built to work safely and securely against the most dangerous bacteria and viruses that can cause serious illnesses for which there is no treatment or vaccine. : “There’s an HVAC filtration system, so viruses can’t escape through the exhaust. Any wastewater that leaves the facility is treated with chemicals or high temperatures to ensure that nothing remains alive. The researchers themselves are highly trained and wear protective clothing.” Statistics show that there are 59 BSL-4s around the world but there are no binding international standards for safe, confidential and responsible work with pathogens. The report, Mapping Maximum Biological Containment Labs Globally, shows that accidents can happen, sometimes in top-tier facilities, and more often in lower-level labs. For example, the human H1N1 virus – the same flu that caused the 1918 pandemic, was leaked in 1977 in the Soviet Union (former) and China. In 2001, a mentally disturbed employee at a US laboratory sent anthrax spores across the country, killing five people. Two Chinese researchers exposed to SARS in 2004 spread the disease to others, resulting in one death. In 2014, a handful of vials of smallpox were discovered during an office move by the US Food and Drug Administration. Lynn Klotz, a senior scientist at the Centers for Non-Proliferation and Control, has been sounding the alarm for years about the public safety threats posed by such facilities. “Human error accounts for more than 70% of errors in laboratories, adding that US researchers must rely on data from freedom of information requests to learn about incidents.” hey,” Lynn Klotz said. These incidents do not mean that COVID-19 has leaked from a laboratory and the fact that there is no scientific evidence to support the scenario yet, said molecular biologist Richard Ebright of Rutgers University. laboratory accident for this pandemic.

The technological process of sequencing the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome by the new generation sequencing machine PacBio is the result of a scientific project assigned by the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology to the Institute of Biotechnology. (biotechnology) implementation, in order to meet the needs of supporting the handling of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam. Phylogenetic tree of SARS-CoV-2 strains collected in Vietnam until April 1, 2021. The NCBI reference MN908947.3 was also included as a comparison (black), while the SARS-CoV-2 genomes analyzed and provided by the Institute of Biotechnology were included in the comparison (boxed in red). Sequences are colored according to the GISAID classification. The taxonomic tree shows the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 as well as when the strains entered Vietnam one by one. Prof. Dr. Truong Nam Hai – Project leader said that the Institute of Biotechnology has collaborated with the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City and the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE) to develop a technical process to sequence the entire SARS virus genome. CoV-2 by PacBio’s long segment sequencing technology, including 6 steps: (1) Culture and extraction of viral RNA. (2) Synthesis of double-stranded cDNA from viral RNA. These two steps were carried out at the Pasteur Institute in HCMC and NIHE in clean room conditions of class III biosafety. (3) Prepare a DNA library for gene sequencing. (4) Sequencing the whole genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (5) De novo assembly of the viral genome. (6) Annotation and analysis of viral genomes. The following four steps were performed at the Institute of Biotechnology in about 48 hours. Also according to Prof. Dr. Truong Nam Hai, in Vietnam, to sequence the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome, domestic units use short-sequencing technology. Then assemble and reference the previous genome. This technology takes a long time to read the complete genome (3-4 days) and there are still errors in reading. “Some other units can sequence with next-generation equipment based on the principle of sequencing short fragments. That is, they sequence short fragments, then assemble these fragments together into long segments. To sequence a genome, and to sequence that, the units must now use the reference sequence that has been solved previously (as before, China was the country that successfully sequenced the strain in Wuhan) After solving the short segments, use the reference sequence to assemble to form the genome of the strain that we are sequencing.This is often a long process, short sequencing is often difficult to do. read the entire genome fully, so sometimes it is necessary to use an additional sequence called sanger sequencing to fully read the genome that we are interested in.Besides, this method also has other advantages. reading errors, so editing it also takes more time “- Professor Truong Nam Hai said. Prof. Dr. Truong Nam Hai also said that the project has sequenced the entire genome of four strains of SARS-CoV-2 virus, with a length of over 29500 nucleotides/genome. The results of genome assembly showed that there were no reading errors or blanks, and the sequencing results achieved 99.99% accuracy. “Currently this is the only device in Vietnam, it doesn’t have to read short paragraphs, but read long ones. Reading short paragraphs only reads 100-200 nucleotides/fragment, then assembles into a full genome. But Long segments can read thousands, tens of thousands of nucleotides/segment, and reading long fragments, when assembled to produce a genome, it is simpler and more accurate, the accuracy is equivalent to 99.99%- ie reading errors are almost nonexistent, assembly is very fast.It takes about 2 days for sequencing, assembly and analysis to complete the genome of a virus “- GS Hai said. With the construction and mastering of PacBio’s long-range genome sequencing technique for SARS-CoV-2 virus, according to scientists’ assessment, it has opened up the possibility of fast and accurate viral genome sequencing. without relying on international reference gene sequences. This allows Vietnamese scientists to sequence new viral pathogens in the future without the need for a reference genome. Genome sequencing data contributes to determining the origin of the virus and the number of sources of infection (F0) in the outbreaks, is a scientific basis and important information in the development of strategies and plans for prevention and control. effective spread of the virus in the community. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Quy Quynh – Head of Technology Application and Deployment Department, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology emphasized: “The successful study of the technological process of decoding the SARS-CoV-2 virus gene is contributed to the treatment regimen that we were able to suppress the epidemic, in particular, gene sequencing along with tracing allowed us to determine the source of the virus’s spread – the F0s, from which We have a scientific basis for us to isolate and isolate the number of people involved, and we also have a scientific basis to deploy optimal treatment regimens.” With the mastery of the existing technological process, capacity and conditions, the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology also said that it is ready to cooperate with medical institutions in sequencing the system. genes of SARS-CoV-2 virus on a large scale in urgent cases, in order to effectively serve the prevention of COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam./.

The idea behind the study of nuclear fusion is to recreate how the Sun generates enormous amounts of energy, a process involving a large amount of heat and pressure that combine to form plasma, in which atomic particles fuse. with super speed. Scientists are looking to trigger and study these reactions on Earth with a variety of experimental equipment, but experts say that EAST, located at the Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences Chinese studies, is the most promising approach. Inside China’s “Artificial Sun”, the Tokamak Superconducting Reactor (EAST). Photo: Newatlas. The EAST is a metal toroidal device consisting of magnetic coils designed to sustain streams of superheated hydrogen plasma long enough for the above reactions to occur. In 2016, scientists at EAST heated a hydrogen plasma to about 50 million degrees Celsius and maintained it for 102 seconds. Then in 2018, they hit 100 million degrees Celsius, six times hotter than the Sun’s core, and lasted 10 seconds. According to the Xinhua , the latest test marks a big step forward, achieving a new record when heating the plasma to 120 million degrees Celsius and maintaining it for 101 seconds. In separate experiments, this “artificial sun” heated plasma to 160 million degrees Celsius in 20 seconds. The goal of EAST is to maintain the plasma at 100 million degrees Celsius for more than 1,000 seconds (about 17 minutes). These experiments are not designed to generate conventional electricity, but to advance the field of synthetic physics for next-generation devices such as ITER, the world’s largest nuclear fusion reactor is expected to be. completed by 2025. Similar to EAST, experiments on South Korea’s KSTAR reactor set a world record last year, maintaining plasma at more than 100 million degrees Celsius for 20 seconds. In addition, the country also announced the development of ITER and is expected to officially operate in 2035.

Building materials are made from plants (Image: CNET) A research team at the University of Tokyo’s Institute of Industrial Sciences has found a way to create durable, strong building materials that are still edible. These materials are very special as they are made from plants. Mashed cabbage leaves, seaweed and banana peels may not sound appealing, but they can be part of a recipe for sustainable building products. “Our goal is to use seaweed and leftovers to create sustainable building materials,” says Yuya Sakai, a sustainable building materials expert and lead author of an upcoming study on the material. building materials are at least as strong as concrete. But since we are using edible food waste, we were also interested in determining whether the recycling process affects the taste of the starting material.” The team tried a heat pressing technique commonly used to compress wood pulp into building materials. Instead of wood, they are vacuum-dried and then ground into a variety of foods and leftovers, including onion and fruit peels, as well as cabbage. “The processing technique involves mixing food powder with water and spices, then pressing the mixture into a mold at high temperature.” All the products obtained, except for the pumpkin peel, passed the group’s strength and endurance tests. Researchers have found a solution to the pumpkin problem. “We also discovered that Chinese cabbage leaves, which can be made into a material three times stronger than concrete, can be mixed with the material,” said Kota Machida, a collaborator on the project. made from pumpkin to enhance the effect”. The materials are still edible, although the team did not say whether they would be difficult to chew. Even exposing the material to air for four months does not change the taste and there are no problems with insects or rotting. The development of building materials from crushed food is still in the early stages, but perhaps one day you can build a place to live and then use it for food when it is no longer needed.

Man-made virus? Oncologist at St George’s Hospital in London, Professor Angus Dalgleish, and Norwegian virologist and president of Immunor Pharmaceuticals Birger Sørensen, revealed they had found evidence. originally about this last year, but was ignored by academia. Accordingly, during their research, the two experts concluded that “the possibility that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the result of the development process in the natural environment is very low”. Both said this virus could be genetically modified at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (China) and a part of scientists tried to hide information about the origin of this virus. According to the two experts, they have found “special traces” that show that the virus is not of natural origin. This clue is a row of four amino acids, which generate a positive charge and bind to negative human cells. “According to the laws of nature, you cannot have four positive amino acids in a row. The only way to have this is to create it yourself,” Dalgleish said. He added that he and Sørensen had found evidence of human impact on the formation of the virus and made it look like a mutation in nature. Two British and Norwegian experts said the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19 pandemic, was created in a laboratory. Photo: THE NATION In addition, the two scientists also looked at studies on China, some in collaboration with US universities, to find out how tools for creating viruses were developed. Sputnik news. They conclude that most of the studies above use a “functional development” research approach, which involves manipulating natural viruses in the laboratory to make them more infectious, allowing scientists to study their potential effects on humans. “We believe the virus was designed and created in a functional development approach. They changed the virus, then tried to find its mutated form years ago,” Dalgleish said. “A natural viral pandemic would mutate gradually and become more infectious, but less pathogenic. Many people predicted the COVID-19 pandemic would be like this, but that doesn’t seem to happen,” – the two scientists said. Two experts: Discovery during vaccine research According to the two experts, “it seems that the documents about SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan are confidential and related information has been destroyed”, so both “face huge gaps”. in the data will probably never be filled”. Mr Dalgleish and Mr Sørensen first raised their concerns last summer, after discovering suspicious features of the deadly virus while working on a vaccine against COVID-19. Security guards stand outside the Institute of Virology in Wuhan City, China. Photo: REUTERS The information about the research paper of the two scientists comes in the context of the US repeatedly calling for another investigation into the origin of the pandemic before China has always denied the possibility that the virus leaked from another in their laboratories, according to the South China Morning Post . On May 25, the Senate Intelligence Committee and the US House of Representatives Intelligence Committee announced that they were conducting their own investigation into the origin of the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as how the US government responded to the crisis. this panic. US officials are concerned that “the lack of cooperation and transparency in the information provided by the Chinese government will continue to adversely affect any efforts to determine the source of the virus that causes the COVID-19 pandemic. “. A day earlier, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian once again rejected the idea that the virus causing the COVID-19 epidemic originated in a laboratory in Wuhan, asserting that “there is no which leak” occurred. “The World Health Organization (WHO) team of experts went to investigate all the places they wanted to go, interviewed anyone they asked, and were satisfied with the results,” Zhao said.

Wuhan Institute of Virology, China. Photo: AFP 59 leading biological laboratories in the world The Wuhan Institute of Virology is among the most secure, often referred to as biosafety level 4, or BSL4. Such laboratory facilities are built to operate safely and securely against some of the world’s deadliest viruses and bacteria, which can cause serious diseases for which there is no cure or vaccine. . “There are air-conditioning filtration systems that prevent viruses from escaping through exhaust gases and wastewater, which are treated with chemicals or high temperatures to make sure nothing remains. at,” Gregory Koblentz, director of the Biosafety Program at George Mason University, told AFP. In addition, the researchers themselves are professionally trained and wear protective gear when conducting experiments. There are about 59 such biological laboratories around the world, a report co-led by Mr. Koblentz published this week said. “There are no mandatory international standards for safety, security and accountability standards for diseases,” the report said. Accidents can happen at any time Accidents can sometimes happen in even the world’s top facilities and are even more likely to happen in thousands of lower-end labs. The H1N1 virus – the same type of virus that caused the 1918 pandemic was leaked in 1977 in the Soviet Union and China, and then spread around the world. In 2001, a mentally challenged employee at an American laboratory sent parcels of anthrax spores across the United States, killing five people. Two Chinese researchers were exposed to the SARS virus in 2004 and spread the disease to others, killing one person. Lynn Klotz, a senior scientist at the Centers for Arms Control and Disarmament, has raised the alarm about the threat to the public from such experimental facilities. “Human errors account for more than 70% of errors in laboratories,” the researcher said. Controversy entitled “Strengthening the research function” There are controversies within the US government, which also funds the Wuhan coronavirus research program, and some independent scientists over whether gains of function – GOF) should be conducted. GOF studies focus on tailoring pathogens to make them more infectious, more dangerous, or easier to escape from treatments and vaccines – all with the aim of learning how to cope with them more effectively. This field has been going on for a long time. The debate heated up when, in 2011, two research groups showed that they could make avian influenza viruses more infectious in animals. Harvard epidemiologist Marc Lipsitch told AFP he was concerned that “would create a strain of the virus that, if it infects laboratory workers, not only kills the person but causes a pandemic”. “This study was not requested and does not contribute to the development of drugs or vaccines,” said molecular biologist Richard Ebright of Rutgers University, one of the strongest opponents of the type of research. this said. In 2014, the US government announced it would stop funding such research, but the process was criticized for its lack of transparency and trust. Late last year, a non-profit organization received funding from the US for research “to predict the risk of virus escaping from the laboratory” from corona virus in bats to humans in Wuhan. This week, before a question from Congress, experts Francis Collins and Anthony Fauci of the US National Institutes of Health also denied conducting activities to strengthen research functions.

The human brain is a complex multi-scale structure in which molecules, cells and neurons coexist. It can be modeled as a multi-layered network, called a brain connection pool. Neighboring neurons are connected to form local structures, and different local structures form connections to perform cognitive functions. The human brain is estimated to have about 86 billion neurons. To decipher where consciousness comes from, the researchers used a Swiss supercomputer and used algebraic topology to build a detailed model of the cerebral cortex. Through testing the response of the mathematical model to virtual stimuli and examining the reality of the mouse brain, the researchers were able to determine the details of the neural network on a single neuron. and the entire brain structure. At the same time it was discovered that there are different types of high-powered activity in the brain consisting of a three-dimensional geometric structure – tightly connected clusters of neurons and existing regions. space (cavity) between them. These empty regions appear to be important for brain function. When the researchers applied the stimuli to their virtual brain tissue, they found that the neurons responded to the stimulus in a highly organized manner. This means that as we think about problems, clusters of neurons will gradually coalesce into higher-dimensional structures, forming holes or voids of height. The more neurons in the clusters, the higher the size of the gap, and the highest limit that can be achieved is 11 dimensions. The whole process always follows the order from low to high, the structure will become more and more complicated and eventually collapse. It’s like building a castle on the beach, the castle gets taller and taller and eventually it will collapse on its own. This is exactly like the large-scale filamentous structure of the universe, where galaxies and galaxy clusters form a giant filamentous structure with a giant hole in the middle. In a recent study, it was discovered that our Milky Way galaxy lies within a giant hole one billion light-years across. This study provides new discoveries about how the brain processes information. Scientists speculate that high-dimensional gaps in neuronal structures may be where the brain stores memories, but it’s unclear how these blocks and gaps are formed. How it works, so further studies are needed to determine the connection between the multidimensional structure of neurons and complex consciousness. The interaction between the human brain and the universe is completely different, but there have been many observations and conjectures about the similarity between the neural network and the cosmic network under observation from a microscope and telescope. The researchers quantitatively analyzed the similarity between the two factors based on optical microscopy observations of brain tissue and high-resolution cosmic-matter network imaging, with the help of the method. network analysis. First, there is a huge difference in scale between the brain network and the cosmic network, which is similar only on a specific scale. Brain neural networks are now thought to consist of tens of billions of neurons. The number of galaxies currently observed in the cosmic lattice exceeds 100 billion. In addition, in the neural network of the brain and the network of the universe, only a small amount of matter constitutes the network. There are a large number of holes between giant galaxies, and about 70% of the mass is made up of dark matter. In the human brain too, which is a biological organ, the most important component is water, in the human brain, nerve cells are only 25% and about 75% water. Up to this point, “having water in your head” has a certain scientific basis. In the universe, dense clusters of galaxies predominate, while in the human brain, specifically in neural networks, nerve fibers create uniform small patterns. However, when the researchers increased the magnification of the microscope, they were able to see some similarities to the cosmic web in brain slices.

Also according to Prof. Dr. Le Thi Quynh Mai, B.1.617.2 data on GISAID currently has not recorded the loss of Y144 mutation, so this mutation needs to be further monitored and studied. GISAID is an updated map of SARS-CoV-2 gene sequencing results, which is continuously updated by scientists around the globe. This map was consulted by scientists in different countries, closely following the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Earlier, at the National Online Conference on the situation and urgent solutions to prevent and control the Covid-19 epidemic taking place on the morning of May 29, Minister of Health Nguyen Thanh Long informed: The strain is currently common in Vietnam. Nam is an Indian strain that has shown signs of increased infectivity and more severe disease compared to previous outbreaks. Step 1: Visit https://www.bluezone.gov.vn or download directly at App Store or CH Play. Step 2: Once downloaded, the application will ask for permission to use Bluetooth to record contact with other Bluezone installed users. If Bluetooth is not open, drag the status bar and turn on Bluetooth; or go to Settings, select Bluetooth and turn it on. Step 3: Once the installation is done, click Scan Around. If someone near you less than 2m has used Bluezone, the application will automatically identify these users and put them in the contact list.

Veraverbeke, an Earth scientist at Vrije University in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, said the satellite had captured images of “zombie fires” – which are remnants of a great fire from the previous year. When people thought they had handled the fire, they still “survived” silently underground for a whole year, waiting through the winter to flare up again. Zombie fires have broken out many times over the past decades and tend to happen more and more often. (Photo: National Geographic) Zombie fires have broken out many times over the past decades and tend to happen more and more often. Mr. Veraverbeke’s team found that their occurrence is strongly linked to climate change. The fact that the summer is getting hotter and longer with a series of large fires increases the rate of spawning zombie fires. The proliferation of these “zombies” shows that the Arctic is changing rapidly under the influence of climate, and is a warning bell for more serious disasters in the future. The fact that the summer is getting hotter and longer with a series of large fires increases the rate of spawning zombie fires. (Image: Getty Images) Hibernation in peat More than 16,187 square kilometers of the Arctic is covered with peat, which stores an estimated 415 billion tons of carbon, equal to the total amount of carbon found in all trees on Earth. As summer approaches, fires formed by lightning strikes or humans will burn directly above the peat above ground. “ These are ancient soils. Peat in Siberia is really very old ,” said Jessica McCarty, an Arctic scientist at the University of Miami, Ohio. Once peat is ignited, they can provide a medium for a fire to smolder underground long after the surface fire is extinguished. Fires sustained by peat can burn for days, weeks, months, even years. When the right time comes, they will once again flare up into great fires, like undead zombies. “ Peat has everything a fire needs to sustain itself. Fires can burn quite strong enough to last through the winter. They’ll essentially ‘hibernate’ until next spring, when the snow melts and gives a chance for fires to flare up in the ground.” , said researcher Rebecca Scholten from VU Amsterdam. Once peat is ignited, they can provide a medium for a long smoldering underground fire. (Photo: Sentinel Hub) What’s different about fire in the Arctic? From 2000 to 2010, fires consumed more than 50% of the Arctic every year. Over the next 10 years, the annual fire area continued to increase, especially in Alaska. Through the data, scientists found that the current frequency of fires in the Arctic is the highest since the first forest formed in this area about 3,000 years ago, maybe even the highest in 10,000 years. by. Wildfires in the Arctic produce more carbon than places like California or Europe, because the subsoil under high-latitude forests is often made up of old, carbon-rich peat. In 2020, the Arctic fires released nearly 250 megatons of carbon dioxide, about half the carbon emitted by humans in a year in Australia and about 2.5 times more than the record-breaking 2020 bushfires. in California. Climate Change Zombie fires have long been known to experts. In 1941, a man-made fire along a railroad in Alaska consumed almost everything within a 1,600 square kilometer radius around it. By May 1942, the fire “revived” and burned about 1,200 square kilometers. But scientists haven’t been able to determine whether these zombie fires are well documented, or if they occur more frequently as the Arctic climate warms rapidly. They think the second case is very likely. “ We’ll definitely see more of them (zombie fires) based on what I’ve seen in 30 years of observation and consultation (other experts) ,” said Randi Jandt, a fire ecologist at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Jandt cited the great fire that burned more than 10,000 square kilometers in Alaska in 2019. Fire crews had to work around the clock to prevent the fire from spreading. But when they thought the disaster was over, the fire flared up again the following spring, just as the snow had melted. “ Just now you observe that the area is completely white of snow, but only two days later, the fire suddenly broke out in that very place. ,” said Mark Parrington, a researcher at the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service, describing the 2020 zombie fire in Alaska. Mr. Parrington said the frequency of fires in recent years in Alaska, Siberia and northern Canada have all increased sharply. “ In the past, firefighting in the Arctic didn’t get much attention because fires were rare, but that’s changing rapidly.” , said researcher Parrington. Wildfires in the Arctic produce more carbon than places like California or Europe. (Photo: Esquire Middle East) Another concern is how many zombie fires are buried underground, waiting to create a new disaster. Scientists say underground fires in the underground peat layer grow very slowly, only about 100 times faster than hair, so the possibility that fires from many years are still accumulating under the ground can be ruled out. land. Therefore, researchers only study fires in the past year. However, the increasing severity of fires shows that climate change is making the situation worse. The hot summer produces large fires that burn until the end of the season, and remnants of those are more likely to last through the winter. In the North West of the Arctic, zombie fires typically flare up every six of the hottest summers. In the summer of the cooler years, no zombie fire will make it through the next winter. “ There is a clear relationship between zombie fires and high temperatures and fire zones. That relationship pattern is only likely to intensify for the worse in the future, as climate change increases the likelihood of fires in the Arctic. “, said scientist Scholten.

Nathan Copeland controls a robotic arm using electrodes implanted in his brain. Published in the journal Science, the team say their work demonstrates that adding sensation to the technology significantly improves the function of prostheses for quadriplegics, compared with based solely on visual cues. Nathan Copeland, 34, told AFP: “I am the first person in the world to have a device implanted in the sensory cortex that scientists can use to stimulate my brain directly. And then, I felt like I had a real feel in my flesh and blood hand.” In 2004, Copeland was involved in a car accident that left him with a severe spinal cord injury and quadriplegia. He volunteered for scientific research and six years ago he underwent major surgery to implant tiny electrodes in his brain. Two sets of 88 electrodes the width of a human hair are arranged like tiny combs and penetrate deep into the cortex, which controls motor function. According to Associate Professor Rob Gaunt of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the University of Pittsburgh, co-leader of the study, fewer than 30 people in the world have received such a transplant. What’s unique about Copeland’s case is that an additional set of electrodes is connected to his dorsal cortex, which receives and processes sensations. The idea of ​​sending haptic feedback to the tactile sensory cortex dates back decades, but doing so in a controlled and understandable way by brain circuitry used to be a major challenge. After Copeland underwent surgery to install the electrodes, the team was truly thrilled. Then came the decisive moment, when they tried sending the first tactile signal. “It felt really fuzzy,” Copeland recalls. He asked them to try again to make sure it was real. Before the interface could work with the robotic arm, the scientists had to perform a series of tests on Copeland. First, they needed to learn which electrodes cause what sensation when activated and which fingers are associated with them in order to set up the robotic hand correctly. They also made him watch a video of the robotic arm moving left or right and recorded the electrodes lighting up when he was asked to “think” it was him controlling it. Copeland sat next to a black metal robotic arm and was asked to pick up a series of small objects such as rocks and spheres and place them in a box – when the tactile sensors were turned on or off. He can complete each task in an average of twice as fast when the sensors are activated, and can even perform more complex tasks like picking up a glass and pouring its contents into a glass. another cup. The team wanted to further refine the prosthetics because they didn’t want to just do science experiments in the lab, but wanted to actually make devices that would be useful to people. Copeland has set up his brain-computer interface at home when the Covid-19 pandemic shut down universities and has used his downtime to learn how to draw on a tablet and even play video games. death. He does this by using his mind to send signals directly to the computer, instead of using his arms to press buttons.

GS. Vo Quy loves nature , interested in raising birds from a young age, he soon oriented himself to pursue a major in Ornithology right from the moment he started teaching at the Department of Biology, Hanoi University (1956). Ornithologist Vo Quy. “I have a habit of watching birds since I was 5-6 years old, so I know all the birds in my hometown. Knowing the habits of each species such as what time to wake up, when to return to the nest, what fruit to eat, how to reproduce… When I went to university, I decided to follow the path of science and birds become my research object”, while still alive, Prof. Vo Quy once confided to the press. When he was just over 30 years old, GS. Vo Quy discovered a new species of pheasant – Hemorrhoids Ha Tinh, in Ke Go area (Ky Anh district, Ha Tinh province). Although scientists around the world refused to recognize his discovery, Prof. Vo Quy Kien still persists in researching Tri Lam Ha Tinh (also known as “big chicken” in the local language). Twenty years later, those documents convinced international scientists and the International Council for the Protection of Birds (ICBP) to name this bird “in memory of the man who discovered and accurately described a species of bird.” Rare new hemorrhoids. Up to now, GS. Vo Quy and his colleagues and students made information records for more than 1,000 species and subspecies of birds in our country. He wrote 14 books about birds such as: “Birds of Vietnam” (volumes 1, 2), “Life of birds”, “List of birds in Vietnam”…; is the main translator of 3 books on the environment and is also the author of more than 100 scientific works published in the country and abroad. Therefore, this brilliant scientist was loved by his colleagues and students as “the ornithologist”. In his scientific life, besides birds, Prof. Vo Quy conducts many research projects on rare animal species as well as many other fields of biodiversity and environment. Attaching life to… Agent Orange Knowledge of birds has made Prof. Vo Quy noticed the impact of toxic chemicals (dioxins) on Vietnam. Because he understood that where there were birds, there was life. The images he recorded of the vast forests dying from Agent Orange, the desolate landscape, without a single bird call convinced the world about the terrible impact of Agent Orange on the environment. our country school. GS. Vo Quy on a business trip. He started working on dioxin research in the 1970s. In the smoke and fire of the war in the South, at the suggestion of Prof. Ton That Tung, he and a group of scientists went to survey the war consequences caused by US chemical poisons in the Ben Hai area. However, at that time, the war was fierce, the delegation of Prof. When Vo Quy entered Hien Luong, he could not cross the 17th parallel to enter the South, the trip was unsuccessful. In 1974, despite knowing many difficulties and dangers, Prof. Vo Quy resolutely applied to enter the South again, bringing a delegation of 10 people. Three months of diving along Truong Son Road. He witnessed with his own eyes thousands of hectares of forests were sprayed with toxic chemicals by the US, all life was brutally destroyed. During that survey, Prof. Vo Quy and his colleagues recorded 300 16-millimeter movies of vast forests with old trees that many people could not hold to die from Agent Orange. The landscape was desolate, not a single bird chirping, gibbons singing. It was from what he witnessed firsthand that made GS. Vo Quy came to the conclusion as early as the 1980s that it would take hundreds of years for two million hectares of poisoned forest to regenerate itself. “The work of resurrecting the dead land is extremely difficult. Where it is sprayed a few times, the remaining trees may have a chance to regenerate, where it is sprayed many times, the trees die, the soil is eroded, the grass is covered, the American grass is covered, the forest trees are very difficult to grow. return without human impact.” In addition, GS. Vo Quy further affirmed, even if people try to plant forests, but do not fully understand the characteristics of the land degraded by toxic chemicals, in order to choose suitable tree species, afforestation will be difficult to succeed. public. He estimates that the cost of planting a patch of forest contaminated with toxic chemicals is 10 times more expensive than planting a plot of normal forest. Therefore, unable to wait for the forest to regenerate naturally, he and his colleagues proposed a solution to afforestation and received many responses from many localities. In 1994, at the Global Strategy Conference on the Environment in Canada, Prof. Vo Quy made the point that in order to protect forests, there must be community participation, persuading each person to be a ranger. Invite readers to watch the video: The 18-year-old girl in Dien Bien escaped from isolation twice. Source: THDT.

Samples collected by Japan’s Hayabusa-2 probe. Pour mining money in space According to Florian Vidal (researcher at the French Institute of International Relations) and Professor of Physics José Halloy, the acceleration of ecological transition to combat climate change has led to a sharp increase in mineral demand. to service supposedly zero-carbon technologies as well as to maintain existing or newly built infrastructure. While projects to exploit mineral resources are being replicated on Earth, many “new fronts” are also being considered, such as mining in space. Typically, in 2016, the world’s media buzzed with the daring project of exploiting mineral resources on asteroids of the US companies Planetary Resources and Deep Space Industries. When Planetary Resources entered the space industry in the early 2010s, the company’s leaders were ambitious and promised to enter a new stage in the conquest of space with mining. on asteroids. Since 2012, the company’s project has attracted many private investors such as Larry Page and Éric Schmidt – the heads of Google Corporation, and filmmaker James Cameron. Excitement and enthusiasm for the field of space mining from the US has crossed the Atlantic Ocean and spread to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. In addition to adapting national legislation, Luxembourg’s diplomatic service has also been mobilized to facilitate the development of an area considered by the government to be strategic. By the summer of 2016, the State of Luxembourg, through the National Corporation for Credit and Investment (SNCI), spent 12 million euros to buy a 10% stake in the American company Planetary Resources. However, two years later, this partnership was broken. When the American company ran into financial difficulties, the Luxembourg government sold their shares at a symbolic price. However, Luxembourg’s participation in the space mineral exploration project has given them an international position to connect the fields of investment and invention and invention. Continuing the policy in this area, Luxembourg later continued to participate in NASA’s Artemis project to return humans to the moon. Japan, another member of the Artemis project, is also interested in the scientific study of the composition of asteroids, which is a step towards exploring potential mineral resources in space. In December 2020, Japan’s Hayabusa-2 space probe returned to Earth after a six-year mission past the asteroid Ryugu. The goal of this science mission was to prove Ryugu could have the primordial components of the solar system, and Hayabusa-2 accomplished the engineering feat of collecting 5.4 grams of matter from Ryugu at a cost 16.4 billion yen (126 million euros). Similarly, on October 20, 2020, Osiris-Rex (a NASA space probe) also performed a 6-second landing mission on asteroid Bennu to collect dust samples (regolith). Osiris-Rex is expected to return to Earth in 2023 with the collected dust sample. The cost of this mission is about $800 million and about $183.5 million for the Atlas V rocket. Perspectives under the sea To cope with the world’s growing mineral demand, undersea mining is often seen as a solution due to the vastness of this space. Among the countries interested in undersea mining is Norway. After 3 years of seabed exploration, making the Nordic country a leader in this new mining industry, in January 2021, the Norwegian Ministry of Oil and Energy announced the possibility of issuing a license from 2023. Mining permits are available to interested businesses, such as allowing Nordic Mining ASA’s Nordic Ocean Resources AS to exploit deep seabeds rich in copper, zinc, cobalt, gold and silver ores. According to many estimates, there is 6.9 million tons of copper on the Norwegian continental shelf. Japan also has similar plans, with the ability to start exploiting the seabed from 2026. In Canada, DeepGreen (based in Vancouver) in 2019 announced to raise an investment of 150 million. USD to begin exploration for mineral resources in a part of the Pacific Ocean. This is a sign of growing confidence in the industry’s future. However, mining depends primarily on the market price of the metal and the reduction in the cost of mining in the marine environment. The consequences of fishing for marine ecosystems are also of great concern. Scientists warn against switching too quickly from exploration to exploitation because humans still have little understanding of the vast undersea environment and life on the seabed. Controversy over regulations The development of mining activities in the new “fronts” mentioned above also poses the need for appropriate regulations to adjust. This is also what the leaders of the countries have seen. Typically, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) has spent many years drafting a Code for Future Undersea Mining – an indispensable tool for monitoring possible mining activities. deployed. Regulating is considered vital to seabed mining in deep waters such as the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) which extends from the Hawaiian Islands to the Baja California peninsula and lies on the road. fault of the Pacific Ocean. This vast area is believed to have reserves of 247 million tons of nickel and 226 million tons of copper. However, many studies have shown that hidden in these spaces is a unique biodiversity and their density is reinforced by the presence of multi-needle nodules located at a depth of 4-5 km. Currently, the debate over regulations for these activities is still raging. While the International Seabed Authority recommends a gradual adjustment of regulations on a step-by-step basis when there are actors involved in seabed mining, it is also argued that such a gradual adjustment is slow. Slow, follow reality. Some argue that it will be difficult to modify the rules of conduct once mining has started. Experts say that although the exploitation of the ocean floor does not fully compensate for the activities taking place on land, it is a necessary additional source to meet future needs. But, as with space, deep-sea mining initiatives are posing dilemmas about extracting resources in increasingly remote regions. All opinions are that, whether on land or at sea, the conservation of ecological balance is a criterion to consider mining projects.

The Arctic ice is melting fast. Arctic – the “unusual” ocean The trial was carried out with funding from the Office of Naval Research. Scientists have described the underwater “hydrogen bomb” as one of the mechanisms that arise due to global warming. This is the factor that is changing the nature of the Arctic Ocean faster than almost anywhere else on Earth. It is also evidence that the Arctic sea ice – a source of global climate stability, can disappear more during the year. “The rate at which ice melt in the Arctic is increasing is difficult to predict with precision. This is partly due to all the complex local feedbacks between the ice, the ocean and the atmosphere. This work shows a huge role for warm water from the ocean,” said Jennifer MacKinnon, a scientist, physical oceanographer at Scripps and lead author of the study. The study was published in the journal Nature Communications. Meanwhile, Dr Yueng-Djern Lenn, a physical oceanographer at Bangor University’s School of Ocean Sciences, said: “It has been a privilege for us to collaborate with our American colleagues. Thanks to that, we were able to make biochemical measurements in this field experiment.” According to this expert, the nutrients and isotope data they collect are extremely useful for tracing the origin of the melting ice. It also allows scientists to explore the impact of fluid dynamics on deep nutrient delivery for phytoplankton from shelf seas into the Beaufort Sea basin. The Arctic is an unusual ocean in that it is stratified into layers according to salinity rather than temperature. Most of the world’s oceans have warmer and lighter water near the surface. Meanwhile, the water will be cold, denser underneath. However, in the Arctic there is a cold and clear surface layer, influenced by currents and rapidly melting ice. Warm, relatively salty water enters from the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait and then into Barrow Canyon off the northern coast of Alaska. They act as a nozzle when water flows through a narrow passage. Because the water is saltier, it is thick enough to “submerge” or submerge below the arctic surface. This movement creates very warm standing bodies of water hidden beneath the surface of the water. The number of these warm subsurface pools of water has increased over the past decade, the scientists found. These pools of standing water known as “fusion bombs” are only stable enough to last for months or years. They lie beneath the main ice near the North Pole. These standing waters then destabilize the ice, as their heat gradually and steadily diffuses upward to melt the ice. Researchers deploy Fast CTD.u A detailed look at the process The process of warm water sinking has not yet been observed and understood. Without a clear understanding of this process, climate scientists cannot include that important impact in predictive models. The study suggests that warm water flows from the Pacific Ocean have increased over the past decade. This is seen as additional evidence that Arctic sea ice, a source of global climate stability, can disappear for a large part of the year. During a 2018 expedition funded by the US Office of Naval Research, scientists spotted one of these dramatic events for the first time. The team used a combination of new oceanographic instruments developed by the Multilayer Ocean Dynamics group at Scripps. The satellite observations were analyzed by researchers at the University of Miami. The data profile is prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Meanwhile, biological samples were collected by British and German scientists working on a project called “Changing the Arctic Ocean”. In addition, many scientists at several other institutions were responsible for detailed data analysis. “The team’s success highlights new perspectives we can see about the natural world when we see it in new ways,” said Scripps oceanographer Matthew Alford. A detailed look at the complex processes that regulate heat transport in the Arctic would not be possible without multiple sets of equipment, he said. These include remote sensing, as well as an automatic profiling machine developed at Scripps. Tools from the Scripps Multiscale Ocean Dynamics team include a customized “Fast CTD” sensor. As a result, quick configurations are created from the ship. In addition, an automatic “Wirewalker” uses energy from ocean waves to drive configuration measurements. These tools allow scientists to obtain high-resolution images of the ocean’s complex processes. From there, get a better understanding of how they work in detail. This work also highlights the importance of collaboration among many institutions, between several US funding agencies, and international partners. Collaborative work with scientists in the UK and Germany shows that warm water below the ocean’s surface also carries unique biochemical properties into the Arctic. This combination of organisms and chemicals is thought to have important implications for the changing arctic ecosystems.

Mr. Vien Long Binh was still diligently researching hybrid rice until the last days of his life. Photo: CNS. The following article by Christina Jiang- a Chinese international student studying in the UK about the merits of professor-academician Yuan Longping, was published in 2019 in the newspaper. The Oxford Scientist. Jiang wrote: A few weeks ago, on October 1, 2019, something quite strange happened in my house: Our whole family had dinner next to the TV screen! It was the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, in 1949, after years of conflict and political instability. While we were reviewing the parade that morning and the gala dinner that lasted until midnight, my parents and grandparents started talking about Chinese history and culture. In 1973, Mr. Vien Long Binh was the first to develop hybrid rice and achieved hybrid dominance in rice. Hybrid dominance is where progeny hybrids of two different parents are produced with difficulty but are more productive and grow faster. The conversation eventually turned to the Chinese, especially scientists, who are quite famous at home, but barely known abroad. I felt very ashamed when I realized that out of all the names they were mentioning, I didn’t recognize any though sure, I had vaguely heard of them but couldn’t remember any. what. The great merit of agronomist Vien Long Binh helped the once-poor and most populous country in the world overcome hunger. Photo: CRI. The conversation continued until everyone talked about a special man: Vien Long Binh. Again, I don’t know what he did, but after listening and learning more about him, I understand why the people of this country respect him so much. When you start thinking about scientists, what do you usually think of? For me, those are big fields like physics, chemistry or medicine. And Mr. Vien here works in an industry that I didn’t even realize was considered science. He is an agronomist, a scientist active in the field of agriculture. Whether he did not cure a rare disease or discover fundamental truths about the universe, I think what he has achieved is equally important. Due to the self-pollinating nature of rice plants, hybridization is considered impossible because self-pollinating species have to undergo a long process of selection. Thus, all the inferior traits are removed and only the superior ones are left, which is detrimental to hybridization. But Mr. Vien Long Binh proved this wrong. He used a male sterile wild rice variety and produced a rice that was up to 20% more productive. Since then, its productivity has continuously increased. Currently, 50% of rice in China comes from agronomist Vien Long Binh’s hybrid varieties and produces 60% of the country’s total rice production. An estimated 300 billion kilograms of the rice varieties created by Mr. Vien have been planted in the past 20 years, and its yield growth alone is more than enough to feed an additional 60 million people. “Father of hybrid rice” Vien Long Binh cut his hair at a familiar salon in Trường Sa, Hunan province. Photo: Global Times. Those who have been interested in China’s long history of development will see why the topic of hybrid rice has attracted so much attention and become such a big deal. And that is also what prompted Mr. Yuan Longping to embark on his research career in response to one of the greatest disasters of the 20th century, the greatest famine in China. The disaster that left at least 36 million people starved to death began in 1959, when the Great Leap Forward was unleashed with misguided policies and natural disasters, leading to a food shortage crisis. on a nationwide scale. Although he has been working and producing results since the 1970s, it is only in the past 20 years that Mr. Vien Long Binh’s efforts have been recognized to a higher level. He was awarded the World Food Prize in 2004 and the Confucius Peace Prize in 2012. In 2019, at the age of 89, he continued to work, devoting his life to developing rice with higher yields and more difficult growing conditions. There are varieties that can grow in very arid conditions in Africa and may even one day grow in salt water. Hybrid rice varieties have since been grown in many countries in Africa, the Americas and Asia, providing food for areas at risk of famine. Because of his contribution, Mr. Vien was dubbed the “Father of Hybrid Rice” by the Chinese media. In the world’s most populous country, there are now at least four famous landmarks and a university named after him. Professor-academician Yuan Longping born on September 7, 1930 is a famous Chinese agronomist, known for creating the first hybrid rice varieties in the 70s of the last century. He won the China Preeminent Science and Technology Prize in 2000, the Agriculture Prize and the 2004 World Food Prize. Before his death, he was still the leader of the China National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center. He is also a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a former associate of the US National Academy of Sciences. Mr. Vien Long Binh also served as chief advisor to FAO in 1991.

The ruins of the ancient city of Tikal, where the Teotihuacan population was discovered. Autonomous zone in the city To the naked eye – and on archaeologists’ maps – the structure looks like a hill amid the undulating landscape of Tikal, the ancient Maya city-state in the lowlands of northern Guatemala. But when the researchers zoomed in on the image with a laser scanning device called LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), they saw a man-made pyramid structure. , hidden under the soil and vegetation accumulated for thousands of years. This structure is actually part of an old residential area, different from most structures that have existed in Tikal. It has a distinctive shape, orientation and architectural features commonly found in Teotihuacan, a powerful city-state belonging to another civilization, near present-day Mexico City, 1200km west of Tikal. Upon closer inspection, archaeologists found that the complex appeared to be a copy of the giant Citadel square in Teotihuacan but was only half the size. The new discovery of a massive monument at the heart of Tikal – one of the most widely excavated and studied archaeological sites on Earth, shows that LiDAR is revolutionizing archeology in Central America, where these sites The jungle often renders satellite imagery useless. From here, however, a difficult question also arises: What role does an area of ​​the remote Teotihuacan city-state play in the heart of this Maya capital? After studying images from LiDAR, Edwin Román-Ramírez, Director of the South Tikal Archaeological Project conducted excavations in the summer of 2020. Digging tunnels into the site, his team made the discovery. Building tools, funeral offerings, pottery, and weapons are typical of early fourth-century Teotihuacan. From censers decorated with the rain god Teotihuacan, to darts made of green obsidian in central Mexico, the site is likely a quasi-autonomous neighborhood in central Tikal. Román-Ramírez said: “We know that the Teotihuacans had some presence and influence in Tikal and nearby Maya areas before 378. But it is not clear how well the Mayans were associated with the most powerful kingdom in the region. . Now there is evidence that their relationship is even closer than that.” Relationship between two civilizations The ruins of the Citadel Square of the Teotihuacan civilization. Thomas Garrison – a geographer at the University of Texas – Austin (USA), specializing in the use of digital technology for archaeological research, said that the above findings proved to a certain extent that the America’s old town isn’t too different from today’s cosmopolitan cities. “There is a mixture of cultures and people of different backgrounds and languages ​​coexist, maintaining their identity in one city,” he said. A study funded by the Pacunam LiDAR Initiative, which published groundbreaking findings in 2018, reveals a vast network of ancient cities in the Maya lowlands, home to millions of people. people, more than previously thought. Scientists Edwin Román – Ramírez noted that the above findings do not confirm that the builders of the complex came from Teotihuacan. “But what we found shows that, for more than a century people who are more or less familiar with Teotihuacan culture and traditions have lived there, in their own region,” he said. Based on ceramic designs found in the ruins, the team estimates that construction at the site began at least 100 years before 378, an important date in Mayan history. According to the Maya inscriptions, the king of Teotihuacan sent a general called the Born of Fire to overthrow the king of Tikal, Jaguar Paw, and put his young son in charge of the country. Born of Fire arrived in Tikal on January 16, 378, the same day that Jaguar Paw “entered the water” – a Mayan metaphor for death. After being annexed, Tikal flourished for several centuries, conquering and pacifying neighboring cities, and spreading their culture throughout the plains. Tikal’s hegemony during this period is well documented, but it is not clear why, after decades of friendly coexistence, Teotihuacan turned his back on his former ally. Further excavations at Tikal may provide new insights, but a recent discovery in Teotihuacan suggests that cultural conflict may have sparked the breakup between these two powerful city-states. A team of scientists led by Nawa Sugiyama, an archaeologist at the University of California, Riverside (USA), has discovered a “Maya house” at Teotihuacan. The opulent buildings here are decorated with splendid Mayan murals, suggesting that the inhabitants were either elite diplomats or aristocratic families. But just before Tikal was annexed in 378, the murals were smashed to pieces and buried. A nearby pit was filled with shattered human skeletons, indicating the sudden shift from diplomacy to violent confrontation between the two city-states. “What went wrong in that relationship, when a bunch of elite Maya residents were massacred, their buildings were demolished, all their belongings were thrown away, and then their homeland was conquered. ruled by a child king?” asked Francisco Estrada-Belli, an archaeologist at Tulane University. It is also one of the great mysteries of Central America that scientists are trying to answer.

The 2021 Award evaluation process is carried out according to regulations, including checking application conditions; consult experts to review; evaluated at the Foundation’s Scientific Council (OSC) and the Award Council. On April 29, 2021, the Prize Council for 2021 met to evaluate and select applications. However, after more than 4 hours of discussion and voting, the Award Council decided not to recommend awarding the nominations. On May 13, 2021, the Minister of Science and Technology approved this proposal. Too few good records? Professor Ngo Viet Trung, Chairman of the Award Council, said that this year, although the number of applications for evaluation and selection was similar to previous years, after the initial review, there were only 2 scientific activities in Earth Science and Science. Environmental and Agricultural Biology nominate 2 entries for the Main Prize and 2 for the Junior Award for consideration at the Awards Panel. This year’s nominations are all in the experimental field, related to issues of concern to scientists around the world. It is the work of Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ngo Duc Thanh, Dr. Bui Minh Tuan on climate change in rain, and the work on the use of antibiotic substitutes in aquaculture by Dr. Do Huu Hoang, a project on the technical system of growing chrysanthemums on a large scale by Dr. Hoang Thanh Tung. Will young scientists have more opportunities at the Ta Quang Buu Prize? Prof. Nguyen Huu Duc, Chairman of the Physics Council, said that although this year the Science Council also received a number of applications, including works published in journals with IF coefficients, but did not nominate any works. to the Awards Committee. Explaining this, Prof. Duc said the reason is that most of these works have only been published about half a year ago, while the Physics Council thinks that it is necessary to evaluate the works at an international level, through by number of citations. “So the Physics committee members agreed to give it another year to have a more accurate assessment of the publication quality with these works.” In the Science Council in Mathematics, there are also two nominations that, according to Prof. Ngo Viet Trung, are of sufficient quality. However, at the time of voting, both of these applications did not receive 2/3 of the votes to be nominated to the Award Council. This may have caused a negative resonance if people did not understand the situation of this year “- Professor Trung shared. “However, I confirm that no works have been awarded the award that does not fully reflect the development reality of the country’s science and technology.” According to Professor Ngo Viet Trung, looking at the quality of international publication of basic science today, the number of articles in leading journals has increased markedly and the quality is much better than the time when there was a Ta Quang Buu Award. “However, each year the quantity and quality of applications for awarding the Prize depends on many other factors such as the self-nomination of scientists or the nomination of research and training organizations. create. Scientists are afraid to nominate themselves for the prize, while many agencies are not interested in nominating outstanding works. In addition, awarding a prize to an individual or to a work also limits nominations because scientific achievements are often confirmed through a cluster of works and through the cooperation of many scientists. Professor Ngo Viet Trung also said that it is important that the quality of the award is guaranteed. “It’s normal for an award not to be given by anyone. The Board of Directors has worked very seriously, not for the sake of having a prize but trying to award it, which will affect the prestige of the award. For example, China’s highest national award for science and technology (worth about $750,000) has gone without a prize twice, Mr. Trung cited. In particular, in 2015, there was no award, but China had a Nobel Prize in Medicine right before the national award. Young scientists need to be taken care of The 2021 season has passed, but according to Prof. Ngo Viet Trung, there are contents that the Foundation needs to discuss to draw lessons for the following years, so that the award can achieve the purpose of promoting research in basic science and technology. encourage young researchers. He also expressed the view that “need to pay more attention to young scientists”. “I and other members are trying to propose to the Ministry of Science and Technology so that each industry has a young award and the young award recipient will be a typical scientist for his or her specialty.” Prof. Nguyen Huu Duc also expressed his support that next year the regulations should change a bit, such as increasing the number of young prizes, and some more detailed award criteria. “Currently, the criteria of the award are heavy on hard indexes such as the influence of magazines, and the ability to deeply analyze the value of each work still has some shortcomings. Therefore, in my opinion, it is necessary to balance the hard criteria with the specific value and unique points of the work, plus expert opinion, public opinion because there are works published in ordinary journals but very difficult. excellent”. Ta Quang Buu Prize is an annual award of the Ministry of Science and Technology to encourage and honor scientists who play a key role in excellent scientific works, carried out in Vietnam, and published on the Internet. prestigious international scientific journals in the field of natural sciences and engineering. The award has been implemented since 2013, in the past 7 years, it has received more than 360 applications, awarded 16 main prizes and 4 awards for young scientists.

The brain produces enough electricity to light a small light bulb Our brain has about 100 billion cells called neurons. When we move, look, think, dream or laugh, electrical and chemical signals are racing between the billions of neurons on this neural highway. So even though one neuron generates a very small amount of electricity, all of them together can generate enough electricity to light a low-wattage light bulb. Illustration. The sense of smell can take you back in time When we smell something that has a connection with something significant in our past, the first thing we experience is the emotion we had at that moment, then memory often follows. Sometimes we won’t remember the event or situation, but the emotion will be there. This ability actually has a very simple evolutionary explanation. There’s a part of our brain that’s dedicated to detecting chemicals that will signal us if something is approaching, that’s what our sense of smell does. This was very important to our existence in the past. Illustration. We can lift a 60kg person but cannot lift a 60kg rock When we lift “live weight” it is easier because the person can adapt to gravity and distribute their weight in more directions. If this person chooses, they can also put their arms around you, which will make things easy. While lifting an object, such as a rock, the rock cannot choose the distribution of its gravity and weight. Gravity is in the default position and this makes lifting it a lot harder. Illustration. Women’s brains shrink during pregnancy A study confirms that “pregnancy brain” is more than just a phrase used to explain the emotional roller coaster a mother-to-be goes through. The brain actually shrinks during pregnancy, but this is not a negative thing. As it gets smaller, it becomes more effective and the woman prepares for becoming a mother. In fact, the loss of gray matter occurred in the part where it would enhance her understanding of other people’s beliefs, emotions, and nonverbal cues. These changes will boost her ability to bond with her infant and make her aware of threats so she can protect her baby and herself more quickly. To have super strength, the digestive system has to shut down Fatigue, pain, and fear are all things that prevent us from trying to use our strength in our daily lives. We’ve all heard stories about a man lifting a car to save his loved one. That superpower actually comes from adrenaline, but for it to work fully, it needs to shut down the digestive system and immune response. Then the combination of increased energy levels and increased oxygen levels strengthens our muscles beyond normal. Illustration. We can see with our ears Blind people can walk by using canes or clicking on echoes that tell them about their surroundings. But scientists have actually studied the brain of a blind man named Daniel Kish. He described his vision as “something like seeing the world in dim rays”. So when his brain is being studied, the part that controls his visual context actually lights up as he listens to the echoes that help him navigate by clicking. However, when he was listening to other sounds, the area was pretty quiet. This led the scientists to conclude that Daniel was indeed experiencing something like visions. Illustration. Headaches signal bad weather For some people, headaches are not just a signal that we are too tired or overworked, but also a prediction of the weather. In fact, research has confirmed that a number of headaches, ranging from mild to severe, are caused by weather changes. While for some people it can be a rapid increase in temperature or pressure and usually during a storm. During a storm, warm and cold air mix and create a change in air pressure (barometric pressure). In fact, this is how thunderstorms, rain and wind are created. This type of air pressure actually exerts force on a certain area, and in the case of headaches, this “zone” is you. Illustration. The brain has the capacity to store 2.5 petabytes of memory Our brain has about 1 billion neurons. Each cell makes 1,000 connections with other neurons, a trillion connections in total. This gives the brain about 2.5 petabytes – 1 million gigabytes of storage. If we compare it to the length of a digital video, it would be 3 million hours for TV shows, making the video run non-stop for over 300 years. Embryos can heal mother’s wounds There have been many studies involving pregnant women and their unborn babies. The results of these studies have given scientists a new light on the strength of the fetus. During pregnancy, the cells of the embryo move out through the placenta and reside in different parts of the woman’s body. This can affect the mother’s health. In fact, these cells remain inside the body for more than a decade even after the baby is born. They can help the mother heal from injuries during pregnancy. The human ear has the ability to “hear” molecules Illustration. You can take 2 glasses and pour hot water in one and cold water in the other, and when you do this, you can hear the difference. This is because the molecules in cold water have less energy, producing low-frequency tones while hot water has more energy and produces higher-pitched tones, and we can hear and distinguish well between the two.

Chinese scientist Yuan Longping passed away at the age of 91 on May 22. Photo: scmp.com China’s top rice researcher has died at a hospital in Trường Sa city, capital of Hunan province. Born in Beijing in 1930, agronomist Yuan Longping succeeded in creating the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice in 1973. With five decades of research on hybrid rice varieties grown on the ground. Covering 9% of the world’s total arable land, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering has helped nearly 20% of the world’s population escape hunger. This hybrid rice variety can yield 20% higher than conventional rice varieties. After that, this rice variety was widely grown in China and many other regions around the world. Currently, about 16 million hectares of agricultural land in China is planted with this hybrid rice variety, accounting for 57% of the total rice area in the country, thereby helping to feed an additional 80 million people every year. Agronomist Vien Long Binh has contributed to making China one of the world’s leading rice producers. With this success and contribution, he is considered the “father” of hybrid rice. In recent years, scientist Vien Long Binh and his research team are still breeding and developing a hybrid rice variety that can be grown in saltwater environments. Scientist Vien Long Binh once said that he has two dreams, which is “enjoying the coolness under the shade of rice plants taller than a person’s head” and that hybrid rice can be widely grown around the world to solve the problem. global food shortage.

The study demonstrated a new approach to harnessing these frequencies, developing a new chip that can convert them into power for a small LED, possibly other small electronics and sensors. . Over the years, they’ve looked at a number of research projects aimed at capturing energy from radio waves, such as those generated by Wi-Fi, with some showing real potential. The idea is to turn the energy from these wireless networks so that it doesn’t go to waste and use it for power supply purposes. However, generating effective amounts of energy has so far been challenging. The researcher holding the chip has a series of small devices called torque oscillators that can power LEDs. The new technology, developed by scientists at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Japan’s Tohoku University, uses a torque oscillator (STO). This is a relatively new class of micro-devices that are capable of generating microwaves, but have so far only resulted in low output power. Fusing multiple STOs together on a single chip is the way the scientists hope to increase this power output, but they have had difficulty determining the optimal configuration. Efforts are hampered by issues around distance and low frequency response. The authors of the new study designed and tested the new layout, where eight STOs are connected in a chain, which they say overcomes these problems. The new layout can take the 2.4 GHz radio waves generated by Wi-Fi signals and convert them into direct voltage signals. It will be fed into a capacitor and used to light up a 1.6 volt LED. Charging the capacitor for 5 seconds allows the LED to stay on for one minute, even after the power has been turned off. Study author Professor Yang Hyunsoo said: “We are surrounded by Wi-Fi signals, but when not in use to access the Internet, they will not work and this is a huge waste. The available 2.4 GHz radio waves become a source of green energy, thus reducing the need for batteries to power the electronic devices that we use frequently. In this way, small electrical devices and sensors can be powered wirelessly using radio frequency waves. With the advent of smart homes and cities, our work can create energy-efficient applications in communications, computers and neuromorphic systems.” The researchers will seek to enhance the energy harvesting capabilities of this technology by increasing the number of STOs in the chip. They will also explore how it is used to power other electronics and sensors. Huong Giang (via: New Atlas)

Mr. Vien Long Binh – who is known as the father of hybrid rice in China. The father of hybrid rice Vien Long Binh died in Trường Sa city, capital of Hunan province, China due to old age and serious illness, Xinhua news agency reported. Mr. Vien was born in 1930. He led Chinese agricultural scientists to increase rice yield from 300 kg/acre to over 1,000 kg/acre. Each Chinese acre is equivalent to 666.6m2. This achievement of Mr. Vien and his associates is considered as the key to helping China solve the food security problem for more than a billion people in this country. Hybrid rice later appeared in dozens of countries in Africa, America and Asia, yielding higher yields than traditional rice. China has named four celestial bodies in outer space after Mr. Yuan Longping was once awarded the “Order of the Republic of the Nation”, the highest honor that China bestows on an individual. During his lifetime, Mr. Vien was famous for requiring that all doctors he trained or worked at the unit had to go to the fields. He himself, at the age of 88, still spends at least 5 hours a day in the fields. “Computers are very important, books are very important, but books can’t grow wet rice, can’t grow wheat. We now have a number of PhDs who are heavy on theory, but ignore practice, understand it. A lot of knowledge from books, but without practice, nothing can be done,” said Mr. Vien. Mr. Vien predicts that taking advantage of biotechnology to breed agricultural crops is the development orientation and inevitable trend in the future. Regarding food from genetically modified technology, Mr. Vien said it is necessary to have a cautious attitude, not to deny it completely.

The study estimates that many bird species in Australia, such as the rainbow parrot, number in the millions. Photo: Guardian. The world has about 50 billion individuals of nearly 10,000 bird species, according to a new study that uses public scientific observations to estimate bird populations. Research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), led by scientists at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), shows that there are six times as many bird species on the planet as possible. human times. There are four species of birds that researchers call the “billion-person club,” with an estimated population greater than 1 billion individuals. These are house sparrows, European starlings, ring-billed gulls and swallows, found in many parts of the world. The researchers estimated the population of 9,700 species, based on hundreds of millions of bird observations recorded by birdwatchers on eBird, one of a number of community science projects on diversity. The world’s largest biome. They combined records with professional scientific observations to develop an algorithm that estimated the population numbers of most species. The team of scientists found that there are relatively few individuals of common bird species, but a large number of rare species. “They can be rare for natural reasons, as they really only live on one island,” said Associate Professor Will Cornwell, a UNSW ecologist and one of the lead scientists on the study. island or the top of a mountain, or they may be rare due to human causes.” Over time, he said, he hopes the models can chart which species are in decline and where conservation efforts are needed. Many bird species in Australia number into the millions such as the rainbow parrot (19 million individuals), the yellow cockatoo (10 million individuals) and the laughing kingfisher (3.4 million individuals). Mr. Sean Dooley, BirdLife Australia’s public affairs manager, is a longtime bird watcher and a contributor to community science programmes. The paper shows the value that people’s observations can contribute to scientific knowledge, he said. “This is a great first step to trying to discover what we have. It will be important if we can continue to do this over time, as we are witnessing a massive loss of wildlife. Research can help us do what is needed to get close to quantifying what’s going on.” By combining bird-watching records and professional monitoring of birds that are the subject of rigorous academic research, scientists have tweaked some of the things that have not been done, said Associate Professor Cornwell. certainly through public science. The model was then applied to birds that have not been studied professionally, he said. The figure of 50 billion birds represents the model’s average estimate for the total number of bird species worldwide. “The really big breakthrough in this study is that we can take the scientific data and the public science data and then fill in the gap for birds that are not expertly studied by scientists,” said Mr. Cornwell. research industry”. There is still some uncertainty in the figures, said Mr. Cornwell, and the researchers plan to refine the model as more professional studies of more species become available. He also said that the study revealed gaps in information due to the importance of scientific attention to birds in developed regions compared to developing countries of the world, and the need to It is necessary to refine global population estimates for all species. According to him, this also shows the role of public science in those efforts. Scientists will conduct another survey in the next few years.

Cu Lao Cham Marine Sanctuary in Quang Nam. Tourism potential from white-necked langurs The white-necked langur was discovered by local people in 2012 on the limestone mountain in Thach Hoa commune, Tuyen Hoa district, Quang Binh province. Since then, thanks to the strict protection of functional forces and the coordination of residential communities and voluntary protection groups, the white-necked langur herd has grown in number. In 2018, the People’s Committee of Quang Binh province planned a part of the forest to become a special-use forest to balance the needs of conservation and exploitation. According to the survey results of the Center for Indigenous Knowledge Research and Development (CIRD) in collaboration with the Provincial Forest Protection Department, there are 22 herds and 156 white-necked langurs in 3 main areas: Dong Hoa commune, Thach Hoa and Thuan Hoa belong to Tuyen Hoa district. If before, you needed binoculars to see the langurs, now, the langurs are increasingly bold, with our naked eyes we can also look, watch them feed, play in the trees or on the rocks. craggy, according to a representative of the CIRD Center. The appearance of creatures listed in the Red Book of Vietnam and the world in this area has attracted many photographers, scientists and tourists to come here, creating opportunities for the development of various types of eco-tourism. Recently, Chairman of Thach Hoa Commune People’s Committee said that the locality is orienting to develop community tourism and experience tourism in order to change industries and improve incomes for people. people. Although people are still mainly engaged in agriculture, do not have much investment capital, plus difficulties due to epidemics, the potential for community-based tourism development associated with biodiversity is a long-term problem, helping to solve the problem of sustainable livelihoods for residents. Volunteer groups to protect the white-necked langurs in villages and communes will be oriented to become tour guides, helping guide people to learn, research, take photos, admire the white-necked langurs… Along with At that time, visitors can also combine sightseeing and experience with other destinations and events such as Tran Tao weapons factory (Dong Hoa commune), the grave and church of Admiral Le Truc (Tien Hoa commune), the cave. Len Ha (Thanh Hoa commune), Cau Ca Tang (Lam Hoa commune), boat racing festival in Tuyen Hoa district… In order to promote tourism potential in a sustainable way, local authorities pay special attention to continuing to promote the core role of voluntary conservation groups and local people. Lessons from Cham Island Recently, in the program “Honoring organizations and individuals; replicating advanced examples with many achievements contributing to wildlife conservation in the period 2010 – 2020″ organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, the Selection Council also recognized the initiatives and solutions. community contributes to improving the effectiveness of efforts of all levels, sectors and the whole society in species conservation. A sustainable tourism model based on biodiversity can be mentioned as the Museum of Marine Life on Cu Lao Cham Island, Tan Hiep Island Commune, Hoi An City, Quang Nam Province. The marine reserve displays hundreds of fish with many different shapes, along with many rare specimens of shrimp, crab, turtle, marine coral … Worth mentioning, at first, the fishermen here just wanted to save samples and images of sea creatures to teach their children and grandchildren how to fish so that they can both profit from the sea and preserve the seed source for later. Gradually, these accumulations have created a unique ecological destination for this place, attracting many tourists to explore, paving the way for sustainable tourism. Accompanied by other cultural features such as Hai Tang pagoda, Champa ancient well, four heritage trees and the temple of nest craft. In addition to the service of diving to see corals and enjoying specialties of bird’s nest water, another highlight is a specimen of sea turtles over a hundred years old with intact dimensions on display. This is also part of the message conveyed to tourists and indigenous people: After many years of tourism exploitation, sea turtles are rarely found along the island, but tend to move to live and lay eggs on islands. small island. According to a representative of Cu Lao Cham Marine Protected Area, for many years now, fishermen on the island have been trained as a model of community tourism, saying no to plastic bags and plastic waste, accompanied by tasks of biodiversity conservation. learn. However, tourism development cannot avoid harming nature, landscapes and creatures, which requires greater responsibility from management agencies, travel agencies and visitors. However, the most important thing is the awareness of preserving and preserving nature of the local people. As nature and living things develop, their livelihoods based on such natural services will grow accordingly. Only when they understand that can they become enthusiastic propagandists, proactively guiding visitors to comply.

The software helps to record the thoughts in the brain into writing on the computer. The combination of mental effort and modern technology has allowed a motionless man (T5) to communicate by text at a speed comparable to that of healthy colleagues texting. on smartphone. Study participant (T5) almost lost all mobility below the neck because of a spinal cord injury in 2007. The scientists placed two brain-computer interface chips, each about the same size. an aspirin pill, on the left side of T5’s brain. Each chip has 100 electrodes that pick up signals from trigger neurons in the motor cortex, an area on the outermost surface of the brain that governs hand movements. Those neural signals are sent over wires to a computer, where artificial intelligence algorithms decode the signal and infer the T5’s intended hand and finger movements. Algorithms were designed in Stanford’s Neural Prosthetic Translation Lab. T5 generated text at a rate of about 18 words per minute (the average person can say about 23 words per minute on a smartphone). Even, T5 then reached a record of 40 characters per minute. The study was published online May 12, 2021 in the journal Nature. It offers hope to hundreds of thousands of Americans and millions around the globe, who have lost the ability to use their upper limbs or speak due to spinal cord injury, stroke or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Female scientist – Dr. Lu Thi Ngan (born 1983), working at the Department of Biology, Vietnam Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology is a female scientist of Thai ethnicity, born and raised in a highland district in western Nghe An . Since childhood, she has been associated with the farming life and nature. Maybe that’s why her love for forests and trees has existed for a long time. Dr. Lu Thi Ngan on a trip to find ferns in Pu Luong, Thanh Hoa Dr. Lu Thi Ngan “In the past, when I was a child, I ate sticky rice every day, so I was very healthy. In the early morning, I often followed my grandfather, my mother went to the forest. Everyone worked in the fields, and I sat next to the fields and waited until dark to return to the village. That day, I couldn’t speak Kinh fluently.” She added, fortunately when she was in high school, she was sent to study at the Central Ethnic Minority Boarding School located in Thai Nguyen. Her love for nature is infiltrated in her blood, so she is particularly interested in Biology and won the National Encouragement Prize for excellent students. Entering university, Dr. chose the Faculty of Biology, University of Natural Sciences, Vietnam National University, Hanoi and went to work at the Vietnam Museum of Nature upon graduation. Here, she decided to choose to study ferns, a small group of plants that are not of much interest. Dr. Lu Thi Ngan said that not only has no scent, no color, no flowers, fruits, and ferns, it is also a very difficult industry to study because the morphological characteristics change a lot, many features require a new magnifying glass and microscope observed, moreover, for this industry, there are very few researches in our country, so there is a lack of databases for reference. That’s not to mention, except for a few species of ferns that grow wild on the street that we often see, most of the unknown ferns grow in high mountainous areas, rugged limestone mountains. “But I still love ferns, because they have a fragile beauty with a hidden vitality,” she asserts. The “terrible” values Dr. Lu Thi Ngan said that although there is no fragrance, no color, no flowers or fruit, the fern brings values ​​that many people cannot imagine. Dr. Lu Thi Ngan on a field trip. Ferns are a group that plays a very important role in evolution and biodiversity because they are widely distributed and occupy many habitats. “This is the second largest group of vascular plants and one of the first terrestrial plants to appear, about 300-400 million years ago,” she said. In addition, ferns have many uses in everyday life. Few people know that ferns are a source of food containing a lot of nutrients. Some species of ferns such as bud, bubble, cow’s hoof… are valuable and nutritious food sources. The berries of some ferns can also be eaten to combat thirst. Many species of ferns can be used for ornamental or decorative purposes, and even the fibers of the fern can be exploited to make handicrafts. In particular, phytochemical studies on ferns have revealed that they contain many valuable substances that can be used to make medicine. On the market, there have been many medicinal products and functional foods derived from ferns such as sunscreen pills, hair growth shampoos, decoction forms to help increase resistance when infected with viruses, improve symptoms. dementia (Alzheimer). Not only the fern has “terrible” value, but the researches of Dr. Lu Thi Ngan about ferns is also very “terrible”. After more than 10 years of silent research, until now, Dr. Lu Thi Ngan has announced 5 new genera, 30 new fern species for science and 37 additional species for the flora of Vietnam. Her research results have contributed significantly to the worldwide community of fern scientists. At the same time, these results also help to enhance and confirm the biodiversity value of ferns in Vietnam. Every job has its own feelings There are consecutive articles published in domestic and foreign journals, including famous international journals, there are continuously announcements of new species discovery, but behind these are difficulties and difficulties. problems of scientists, especially female scientists. With Dr. Lu Thi Ngan every job has its own difficulties and hardships. Dr. Lu Thi Ngan said, up to now, she can’t remember how many field trips she has gone through, how many forests, and how many mountains she has climbed. But these trips are nothing compared to the time when she decided to go to Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences to be a PhD student. At that time, her life partner was Dr. Do Van Truong, who works at the Vietnam Museum of Nature, is working as a PhD student in Germany. And my daughter just turned 3 years old. It was like that for a few years as a family of three in three places. Recently, on his personal Facebook page, Dr. Lu Thi Ngan posted a photo of the three of them on her husband’s birthday with the caption, “This is the first time the whole family is together on a special occasion.” The line of confession is enough to understand the hardships of scientists. However, Dr. Lu Thi Ngan is very calm. For her, every job has its own difficulties and difficulties. The important thing is that I know how to overcome to do my job and love it. For her, doing science is not only a job but also a passion and certainly in the coming time, researches on Vietnamese ferns will continue to be published in international journals. Invite you to read and watch the video: Arresting a group that pretends to be a bank fraud to appropriate property. Source VOVTV.

In what form could life on earth end in the end? Photo: Astronomy Some scientists point out that the earliest life on Earth was born about 4 billion years ago. At that time, the Earth was continuously bombarded by space meteors, but life continued strongly. Earth’s history has seen many catastrophes, and each one is like the end of the world. Supernova explosions, asteroid collisions, large-scale volcanic eruptions, sudden climate changes … these events have claimed countless lives. During a number of mass extinction events, most of the species at that time had been wiped out. In the end, however, life still goes on. There will always be new species on Earth, and a new cycle will begin again. Although human life may be unimaginably fragile, turning the entire Earth into a barren land is not so easy. Here are some events that have the potential to wip out all life on Earth (very low probability and not happening in the near future). The impact of asteroids When an asteroid hits Earth, it releases incredible energy. 66 million years ago, an asteroid the size of a city crashed into the Gulf of Mexico and led to the extinction of the dinosaurs. At that time, all other creatures on Earth were almost wiped out. Although human ancestors were not born at that time, it may be the most important event in human history. Without the asteroid impact, dinosaurs could always be the lord of Earth, and other mammals could only exist in their shadow. According to geological records assessment, the frequency of Earth being collided by large asteroids is about 100 million years. However, smaller asteroid effects occur more often. There is even evidence that some people have died from the effects of asteroids over the past few thousand years. In 1888, in Sulaymaniyah, now in Iraq, a meteor strike killed one person and injured another. This is the earliest recorded asteroid accident. But what is the probability that Earth will be hit by a large asteroid? A 2017 study published in Nature has shown that to cause this asteroid must be large enough. Only the largest asteroids in the solar system (like Pallas and Vesta) can do this. Richard Binzel, a professor of planetary science at MIT, said even though an asteroid might one day come and destroy us, the likelihood is very low. Oxygen depletion Fossil of trilobite, one of the earliest arthropods on Earth. Photo: Shutterstock The chances of the latter being slightly higher than the previous. First, let’s go back to long history. Nearly 2.5 billion years ago, Earth went through a period known as the “Great Oxidation Event” – creating oxygen on a global scale. The increase in cyanobacteria causes a huge increase in the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. Without this event, no oxygen-breathing animals would exist and the biological world would not have been diverse, from low-order monocytes to higher multicellular flora and fauna, including humans. However, about 450 million years ago, one of the most serious extinction events on the planet – the Ordovic -Silur mass extinction occurred. It could be due to the sudden drop in oxygen levels at that time, which lasted for millions of years. But why is this happening? During the Ordovic period, all the continents on Earth were connected to form the supercontinent Gondwana. At that time, most life on Earth existed in the ocean, but plants began to appear on land. At the end of the Ordovic period, the Earth’s climate suddenly changed, causing this supercontinent to be covered with glaciers. The sudden drop in global temperature alone is enough to cause the disappearance of many species. Then, when global oxygen levels plummeted, life on Earth experienced a second wave of extinction. Scientists can find evidence of this drastic change in sediment samples on the seabed. Some researchers believe that glaciers at that time caused a fundamental change in ocean stratification, and that the temperature and oxygen concentration of each layer of seawater differ. However, the exact cause of this significant reduction in oxygen is still being debated. Whatever the reason, more than 80% of the species on Earth disappeared during the Ordovic mass extinction. Such events happened in the past, will history repeat in the future? In fact, a recent study published in Nature Communications has shown that climate change reduces oxygen levels in the ocean, which can cause the extinction of some marine life. Gamma-ray bursts Gamma-ray bursts can originate in binary star systems. Photo: University of Warwick Gamma-ray bursts occur when a giant star dies, explodes like a supernova, and collapses into a black hole. It spits out stream of rays at the speed of light in the universe. Any planet in the path of this stream would lose its atmosphere immediately and be burned. When the gamma rays in the explosion hit the blue planet’s atmosphere, they will cause oxygen and free nitrogen atoms to collide, and some will recombine into N2O compounds, the destroyer. ozone layer. N2O is long-lived in the atmosphere, and they continue to destroy ozone until it falls to the ground through rainfall. If there was a gamma-ray explosion in the Milky Way, it could potentially cause the extinction of a large number of species on Earth. If the gamma-ray burst was aimed in the direction of the Earth, even if it lasted only 10 seconds, it would destroy at least half of the Earth’s ozone layer. Scientific research in recent decades has shown that even a small fraction of the ozone layer is destroyed enough to weaken Earth’s “natural protective layer” and cause serious problems. And if the ozone layer is depleted to a certain extent, the Earth’s food chain will be severely damaged, leading to the extinction of a large number of species. Death of the Sun. As the sun continues to age, more and more energy is released, which could eventually wipe out the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere. Photo: Nasa A study published in the journal Nature Geoscience in March this year showed that regardless of whether or not a gamma-ray explosion occurs, in about a billion years, most life on Earth will die from lack of oxygen. A team of scientists working with NASA believes that this oxygen-rich atmosphere will not last forever. In a billion years, the activity of the Sun will cause the Earth’s oxygen levels to drop back to the levels they were before the “Great Oxidation Event”. The team describes the last moment before the Earth’s inability to support life as follows: “We find that the deoxygenation of the future is an inevitable consequence of increased heat radiation from the Sun. The exact timing of this process will be governed by the redox flow that changes between the geological mantle and the ocean-atmosphere system and the Earth’s crust. ” Conclusions are made after modeling and running simulation based on the algorithm hundreds of thousands of times. The start time and duration of this process will depend on a variety of factors, and can be as short as 10,000 years. But researchers point out that for Earth, in the end, this fate is inevitable. Fortunately, humanity still has 1 billion years left to find another way out.

Pierre Curie is a French physicist, a pioneer in the fields of crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectric phenomena and radioactive phenomena. Under the influence of his brother, Pierre Curie’s curiosity about the mysterious world also gradually grew and it was because of this curiosity that he met the bizarre girl Eusapia Palladino, who is said to have can help the dead talk, capable of moving objects at a long distance. Eusapia Palladino. While traveling through Paris, Eusapia Palladino’s special abilities aroused the interest of scientists who believed that the causes of these unusual events could be found. So, more than 10 scientists decided to conduct experiments with Eusapia Palladino, including Pierre Curie and his wife, Marie Curie. Compared to his wife, Pierre was shocked to see these phenomena with his own eyes: he saw the table move on its own, saw strange lights and shadows, even felt a hand. invisible is touching me … Between 1905 and 1908, Eusapia Palladino produced countless strange phenomena in 43 trials. In the end, what conclusions did the scientists reach? In fact, they could not come to any concrete conclusions and there are many who think that Eusapia Palladino is just a talented magician who can pass the eyes of everyone. For his part, Pierre Curie could not say a word because he died in an accident in 1906 before finishing the test. But his notes say: “We attended many of Eusapia Palladino’s séances at the Center for Spiritual Studies. It was indeed very interesting. The four feet of the table slowly lifted by someone. The objects moved themselves. There was a hand. it pinches or caresses you. Flickering ghosts. These phenomena are really inexplicable. ” “During these séances, we have a few attendees. We know these people well, and no one can be an accomplice or help Mrs. Palladino. The only grounds for suspicion. , that this fellow is actually a magician, but how do you explain, when during the process, someone holds her hand, someone holds her hand, and the light is enough for us to see clearly. everything”. So can the dead talk to the living? This problem always hurts in the head of British physicist Sir Oliver Lodge, especially after his son Raymond died on the battlefield during World War I. Sir Oliver Lodge. In order to cross the boundaries of death and communicate with Raymond, Sir Oliver Lodge repeatedly tried different spiritual methods. Over time, a new question arose in his mind: How can it be certain that the message the psychic sends actually comes from a deceased person and not a fabricated message? To get around this problem, Sir Oliver Lodge came up with a suggestion: someone wrote on paper what he wanted to be conveyed by the psychic after death, and sealed it with an envelope. That way, we can verify whether the information transmitted by the psychic is correct or not. And then he actually decided to complete this experiment himself. So after his death, many spiritualists tried to decipher the mysterious rumors after the death of Sir Oliver Lodge. But how the truth is up to now is still a mystery. Sir William Crooks. The British physicist Sir William Crooks is not only an important figure in the history of science, but also an expert in “ghost” photography. He was one of the first photographers to capture “ghosts” on camera. Sir Crooks photographed a female ghost named Katie King, the daughter of an explorer in the 17th century. It is no coincidence that this girl’s ghost may appear in the photo but instead, she is ” summoned “by a young woman named Florence Cook. The witch Katie King. It happened in Florence’s parents’ house: a curtain, behind the curtain, was pulled in front of the door of a hut and then Florence summoned souls to possess them. Moments later, the soul of Kate King dressed in white began to appear, and the curtain slowly lifted … All of which was then thought to be fake, the soul of Kate King was in fact. it was Florence in disguise. But Sir Crooks asserted that the scene he saw was a supernatural phenomenon. However, with all 3 stories mentioned above, can not prove that Western scientists believe in ghosts or mysterious supernatural phenomena? Up to now, there are still many scientists conducting experiments to answer the question of whether the spiritual world really exists, but in reality there is still no answer that is sufficient to prove. this.

Over the past 10 years, many conservation initiatives and solutions have contributed to effectively protecting the biodiversity common home. (Photo: Hung Vo / Vietnam +) After more than 6 months of launching, the program “Honoring organizations and individuals with many contributions to the conservation of wild species in the period 2010-2020” by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment The launch is coming to the last stage. It is expected that the ceremony to honor individuals and organizations participating in the program will be held on May 21, 2021, in response to the Day Biodiversity international (May 22). Thousands of species are named According to the representative of Department of Nature Conservation and Biodiversity (Vietnam Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment), in the past decade, Vietnam has witnessed many changes in economic, social and conservation life. biodiversity is no exception. Although operating in silence, scientists and conservation organizations have contributed to creating a brilliant decade of biodiversity with a series of research, new species discovery and initiatives and solutions. effective conservation. Especially, right after launching the above honoring program in October 2020, the program has received many records from individuals and organizations working in the field of species conservation. Many animal and plant species have been studied and discovered for the first time for science and published in prestigious international journals. Among thousands of species of animals and plants recognized and recognized internationally, many species of insects, reptiles, amphibians … are classified as critically endangered, and should be prioritized for conservation; Many studies have found endemic species only in Vietnam. Some newly discovered species include scorpion Euscorpiopsis cavernicola (in Ba Be district, Bac Kan province) and scorpion Vietbocap thienduongensis (Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh province). In addition, precious tree species such as Moc Huong (Aristolochia), genus Arachniodes, … have also been studied on phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships for practical application. Through research, many valuable plant species in medicine and production are identified and have reasonable conservation plans. Many outstanding landmarks in conservation Along with species discovery research, the program honors organizations and individuals with many contributions to the work wildlife conservation the 2010-2020 period also recognizes many initiatives and solutions, contributing to improving the efficiency of efforts of all levels, sectors and the society in species conservation. The precious otter who was illegally confined and sold at the farm product disguised as Thanh Hoa, Long An province, was rescued by the competent forces after receiving a report from the reporter of VietnamPlus. (Photo: Hung Vo / Vietnam +) The first solution mentioned by the Department of Nature Conservation and Biodiversity is the successful breeding and conservation of white-crowned Lei Lamas – a rare and endemic bird of Vietnam. In addition, the pairing and spawning of the White-bellied Cao Sand Bird has also been successful, serving environmental education and conservation in the future. Besides breeding solutions for endangered species, other initiatives also focus on wildlife rescue. Among them, there are groups of volunteers who have rescued 100 sea turtles, of which 94 are still alive and have been returned to the sea; or process of rescuing bears, raising bears in semi-wild environments … In particular, the program received a story from someone who used to be a hunter but now leads a voluntary group to conserve white-nosed langurs in Quang Binh. Thereby, it contributes to preventing the impact of the quarrying program, protecting the habitat for langurs. As a result, in 2018, the People’s Committee of Quang Binh province has partially planned the forest into a special-use forest to balance conservation and exploitation needs. In addition, some units also made a mark with the initiative of using camera traps to investigate wild species in some key areas or the application of technologies in monitoring and re-release. wild animals and preserve the gifts given to Vietnam by the Creator. Assessing the significance of the program, professor-doctor of science Dang Huy Huynh, ASEAN Biodiversity Hero, Vice Chairman of the Vietnam Association for the Protection of Nature and the Environment said that this is a conservation initiative. of great significance, helping to motivate and encourage the development of the scientific research movement on biodiversity. During the working process, the review board found that the submitted documents were in compliance with the rules, some documents were carefully prepared, showing the enthusiasm for the program. The dossiers are evaluated on the basis of selection criteria in the issued rules./.

Fatima and one of his inventions. Building robots when you are 10 years old It all started when Fatima was 10 years old and created the first robot capable of taking pictures. She then quickly developed 12 other inventions, including solar charging bags for devices, robots that can replace sick students to school, power belts for the hearing impaired and intelligent steering systems. Block people from texting while driving. Now Fatima turns 18 and is a student in computer engineering at Virginia Polytechnic (USA). She has become an inspiration, paving the way for other women and girls to pursue innovation and STEM (science, technology, engineering and math). From a young age, Fatima was passionate about science and invention. She enjoys watching science fiction, documentary and technology shows. In addition, her parents have a technical background, which contributes to her passion for science and invention. “I was influenced a lot by the shows I watched, mainly about science. However, my living environment also has a lot of impact, including that my parents are engineers … all contributed to my hobby and personality, “said Fatima. The family plays a very supportive role for Fatima. At home, her parents help her and teach how to do small projects. Over time, Fatima became proficient with the skills and was able to enter the industry with the guidance and help of her parents. Overcoming challenges At the age of 7, Fatima is excited to learn about new industries and build exciting projects. However, over time, Fatima realized that it was very difficult to stay in the industry as a young girl. “There aren’t many opportunities and when I try to take the opportunities, people don’t take me seriously or think it’s just a temporary period and think I’ll find another job that is gender-appropriate. to me, ”Fatima said. However, over the years, Fatima said it is very happy to see the change in the gender gap that women have always suffered. “Today, there are a lot of resources that young children, especially girls, can use to educate themselves and build their own skill sets. In addition, the society is more advanced than the ideology of sexism and more open to women and girls in the field of technology, “Fatima said. The UAE’s youngest Inventor title reinforces Fatima’s progress. “It opened many doors for me and allowed me to grow as an inventor, helping me gain some validation in places where I was deemed unsuitable, even if it came with very much. many responsibilities. I am very honored to carry that title. Getting support and recognition from the government is one of the highlights of my journey ”. Fatima received the UAE Youngest Inventor Award. Inspire the younger generation Fatima is not the first female scientist and not the last to talk about it. The UAE government has made a great effort to encourage women in the field of science and technology. A 2018 Times Higher Education report states that more female students enroll in STEM than men in the UAE. The reason is attributed to the fact that the government empowers women through policies, the opportunity to ensure that female role models are included in science textbooks. Fatima said she is looking forward to the time when the title will be awarded to another ambitious inventor. For young inventors, she was determined to do all she could. She praised the companies that initiated CSR (corporate social responsibility) activities in providing young students a platform to explore more opportunities in the STEM industry. So when air-conditioning solutions provider Taqeef launched a 2020 version of the STEM iMatter curriculum, Fatima knew this was what she needed to be involved with. Designed to help students put theory into practice and familiarize themselves with the role of STEM in their future work, iMatter assigns students to find solutions to real-world climate problems. “The show has some of the brightest young brains with great ideas,” says Fatima. I took the opportunity to become a speaker at their event. I was delighted to hear that they enjoyed my speech and learned something from it. I was even happy to receive some feedback videos sharing participants’ experiences, insights and gratitude ”. Fatima said that programs like iMatter have created conditions for more students to experience STEM learning. If governments, business and society join hands to develop STEM education and embrace more opportunities, a huge difference will inevitably emerge and more scientists, innovators and entrepreneurs. next time. In addition to her studies, Fatima said, she is focusing on patenting some of her new ideas. “I hope to get masters and PhD degrees in artificial intelligence (AI). I aim to set up my own AI company in the future and become a professor in this field ”. Fatima affirms that the invention idea is very simple and anyone can do it every day in their life. What she sees as important right now is to foster gender segregation, engage girls and women in STEM, and provide them with an environment for growth.

Elephants in the Central Highlands. (Photo source: PV / Vietnam +) According to the General Department of Environment (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment), the subject of International Day of Biodiversity (22/5) in 2021 was chosen by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity “We are part of the solution.” The theme was chosen to continue the cross-cutting theme of 2020 “Our solutions are available in nature” as a reminder that biodiversity remains an important solution, an option for Sustainable Development . From nature-based solutions to climate issues, health, food security, drinking water and sustainable livelihoods, biodiversity is the foundation on which we can rebuild for the better. Due to the complicated ongoing COVID-19 epidemic around the world, the 2021 International Day of Biodiversity will be commemorated through an online campaign. In a new study published in the Journal of Frontiers in Forest and Global Change (excluding Antarctica), scientists identified only 3% of the world’s land is still ecologically intact, with healthy primitive populations and undisturbed habitat. This number is only for the nature of “approximate estimate.” The study used range maps of 7,000 word species Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Most of the data is from mammals but also includes some birds, fish, plants, reptiles and amphibians. The world is in a biodiversity crisis, many wildlife populations, from lions to insects, are plunging in numbers, mainly due to habitat loss. Some scientists believe that the 6th mass extinction on Earth is beginning and will have serious consequences for food, clean water and air. Vietnam is one of the most important and biodiversity countries in the world, both in terms of marine and terrestrial ecosystems (especially forest and mangrove ecosystems). According to the Vietnam UNESCO Office, 238 priority ecological zones have been recognized around the world, of which 6 are located in Vietnam. Several nature reserves in Vietnam are recognized by UNESCO for their unique universal natural value, including 3 natural heritages, two global geopark, 9 biosphere reserves and two Wetlands are located in two world biosphere reserves. However, Vietnam’s conservation efforts are facing various difficulties and challenges such as: biodiversity degradation trends have become more important due to deforestation and illegal logging. legal, overexploitation, economic growth and population pressure, have enormous impacts on the key services these ecosystems provide. According to the Department Nature conservation and biodiversity (Vietnam Environment Administration), nature-based solutions is a term that can be used to describe alternative and non-traditional approaches to environmental problems such as flooding, water scarcity or soil erosion, by exploiting natural capital. Can Gio mangrove forest. (Photo: Manh Linh / VNA) Solutions could include restoring and conserving coral reefs and mangrove belts to increase resilience to coastal flooding and sea level rise, serving as the first line of defense for dissipation. energy waves and vegetation to reduce the risk of landslides and create green belts to help replenish groundwater in areas facing water scarcity. In response to the International Day of Biodiversity on May 22, 2021, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment will honor organizations and individuals who have made many contributions to wildlife conservation in the 2010-2020 period. According to the General Department of Environment (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment), the Selection Council is composed of managers from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, and other Leading scientists in the field of species conservation such as Professor, Doctor of Science Dang Huy Huynh – Biodiversity Hero of ASEAN. The dossiers to participate in the program honoring organizations and individuals with many contributions to the conservation of wild species are evaluated on the basis of the selected selection criteria. Each profile is consulted by all experts in the council, ensuring transparency and fairness. According to the Selection Council, the discovery of new species, initiatives and solutions for biodiversity conservation is of an important nature. Documents participating in this program show that there are thousands of named wild flora and fauna species, many of which are endemic to Vietnam. Many initiatives and solutions contribute to improving the efficiency of efforts of all levels, sectors and the society in species conservation. Initiatives on reproduction, breeding and successful conservation of rare species, care solutions, propaganda and especially initiatives from volunteer groups to protect species life and inspire those who has been and wants to contribute to this field. Scientists believe that the first time the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has an initiative to organize a program to encourage and encourage the development of the scientific research movement on biodiversity is a meaningful activity taking place. In the context of increasing climate change, the rate of biodiversity degradation of our country and the world tends to increase. It is expected that the Ceremony to honor individuals and organizations participating in the program will be held on May 21, 2021./.

According to the excavation team of the Archeology Institute, this architectural vestige is completely located in the cultural class of Tran dynasty, below the culture class of the Le so, Le Trung Hung and Nguyen dynasties at a depth of 1.95m, from the ground ground. current area. This cultural layer is dense with Tran tiles, including red cover tiles, lotus-nosed tiles, and pointed tiles. Round architectural traces Architectural vestiges of the Tran dynasty are circular in shape under the Tran dynasty clay and brick layers, about 0.4m – 0.6m thick and built entirely of cover bricks. Round architectural brick cover bricks are all rectangular, bright red bricks arranged in two staggered rows and only one layer, the outer row is lower than the inner row. Outside the circle in the East – West – South directions are a number of pebbles with many different sizes arranged relatively flat but not in a certain shape. Implementing the direction of the Standing Committee of the City Party Committee and Hanoi People’s Committee at Notice No. 152-TB / TU dated March 6, 2021 at the meeting with the Thang Long Heritage Conservation Center – Hanoi; Decision No. 3624 / QD-BVHTTDL dated December 4, 2020 of the Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism on archaeological excavations at Thang Long Citadel Center – Hanoi, Heritage Conservation Center Thang Long – Hanoi has coordinated with the Archeology Institute to conduct excavation and exploration in the East – North area of ​​Kinh Thien electrical base relic with a total area of ​​nearly 1,000m2. The exploration excavation in 2021 is considered to have the largest scale in more than 10 years, the Archeology Institute conducted the excavation at Thang Long Citadel – Hanoi. Exploring the circular architecture found that the clay foundation mixed with the Tran debris was compacted firmly. There are a few bricks on the face that are arranged in an East-West direction, but they are no longer neat. In this group of bricks, the first brick from the West, at the edge has two Chinese characters “Thuong Tan Quoc”. In the past, I met at 18 Hoang Dieu a brick in the Tran dynasty with the word “Thuong Tan Quoc”. At the same time, there was another brick with the word “Thuong Tan Vien”. At a depth of 0.7m compared to the circular architecture, there is a small rock base in the Tran dynasty that no longer has its original position. Outside, to the south, 78cm from the circular architecture, there is a large terracotta pot (mouth diameter 1.2m, depth 55cm) bright red, good materials, the outer rim of the mouth is decorated with lotus flowers, apricot flowers and “Lien Chau” is characteristic of the Tran dynasty. The pot has a drainage hole set on one side of the perineum. This is probably the largest terracotta pot ever in the Tran dynasty. Outside the round vestige to the East there are traces of two underground sewers in the Tran dynasty: one was built of brick cover, the other was built by specialized circular water pipes. The brick sewer is 3.64m far from the circular architectural vestige to the East and 0.35m lower, and 4.64m long running in the North – South direction. The sewer section in the North was cut by architectural foundations of the Nguyen Dynasty. The culvert consists of three parts of the cap, wall and bottom. The manhole cover and bottom are placed horizontally, the sides of the manhole are placed vertically on the two edges of the bottom and the manhole cover forms the sewer with a cross-section of nearly square as the space for drainage. The type of brick used to build the culvert is a rectangular red cover brick with a cut surface of the brick (characteristic of architectural materials of the fourteenth century). Currently the sewer has been destroyed, so the actual length in the past has not been determined. The manhole cover is covered with a single row of remaining 6 bricks, the North is left with 5 bricks, the first 2.28m long, bolted by broken rectangular bricks (21cm wide, 6cm thick) printed with Han characters, Vinh Ninh Truong. The male is left with one 40cm long pill. The round water sewer is 3.5m from the brick sewer to the East. The two ends of the sewer that were cut by the late architecture remain only a section of 2.97m in length, running in the East-West direction. There are still 8 round terracotta water pipes, the head is wider than the tail, the end of the tube has a ledge to assemble so that it fits from the end of one tube to the other. Terracotta sewer pipes are 37-39cm long, 13-15cm in diameter. This sewer appears in the same strata as the brick sewer and is 0.35m lower than the circular architecture. Chronology and values According to the results of stratification of Thang Long culture, the relic has a circular structure in the Tran cultural class. Two large underground culverts and terracotta pots distributed around circular architecture all date to the Tran dynasty. Relevant relics in the area revealed such as bricks, tiles, and chinaware all dating back to the Tran dynasty. Therefore, it is possible to initially identify vestiges of circular architecture dating back to the Tran dynasty in the XIII-XIV century. For those who directly excavated, the round structure of Tran dynasty that appeared this year in the Northeast of Kinh Thien Palace could be classified into a type of “strange” architecture. The status quo, this circle is intact, the structure is quite simple. Other traces appeared around such as large terracotta pots, brick sewers, circular underground sewers with the same age, but it is not possible to confirm whether they are related to each other or not. The current state of the monument has not seen any signs that can remind the excavators of the architecture’s function. The area is under further excavation Some people suggest that this could be a small flower garden scene in the Tran Palace. Is there also the thought of a structure related to some kind of spiritual ritual? However, all that are just initial speculations without any evidence to explain. Previously, the round architecture of Tran dynasty was met by archaeologists in a few places. In 1998, excavation in the North of Doan Monmon discovered a circle of late Tran dynasty cut into the vestiges of the wall / or the road with frill lines “lemon flowers” dating back to the earlier Tran dynasty in the southwest position. This circle is noteworthy because there are vertical bricks inside in the style of “diagonal triangles” filling the round architectural surface. At Bao An pagoda (Gia Lam), archaeologists also encountered a type of circle with the form close to the circle in Doan Mon. Thus, at least in archeology, at present, there have been 3 circular structures in Tran dynasty in three different places, in which the structure in Doan Mon is somewhat closer than the round structure in Bao An pagoda. The circular structure in the Northeast of Kinh Thien is not clear whether it is the same as the two above structures because the surface layer has been destroyed, only the circle is dashed. However, they have the same circle and have two nearly the same vertical brick lines, so it can be deduced that they have nearly the same structure. But all three of these architectural vestiges are functionally unknown. The three circular structures in 3 different places also show that there seems to be a style of building brick circles in the architecture in the Tran dynasty, as well as in the Le Lieu period. . “What is that structure to do and what it reflects in Tran architecture in Thang Long or in a temple (Bao An pagoda) is still a mystery that needs to be studied for a long time. Therefore, archaeologists temporarily consider traces of circular architecture in the Northeast of Kinh Thien Palace in 2021 as a remarkable “strange” architecture type of Tran Dynasty in Thang Long Palace area. It also shows that Thang Long Palace still has many unexpected undiscovered values ​​under the ground of a World Heritage, ”said the excavation team of the Archaeological Institute. Hope to soon restore Kinh Thien Palace If in 2019, with an excavated area of ​​900 square meters, the Vietnam Archeology Institute discovered many traces of gardens, lakes, and artifacts with architecture of the Le primitive and Le Trung Hung dynasties, making the hypothesis of Thuong ien garden, Can Chanh power was first discovered at the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long – Hanoi, in 2021, the results of exploration and excavation revealed more unique evidences, artifacts and relics. With the narrowed position of archaeological results in 2021 is considered to have touched the space of Can Chanh Palace, an overall part of the overall space of the Kinh Thien Palace in the Le early period. Previously, Hanoi also made specific moves with the project of restoring Kinh Thien power, which is the introduction of a roadmap: Phase 1 (2020 – 2025) completing pre-feasibility study report, reporting feasibility study report and basic design; Phase 2 (2025 – 2030) to implement the project of restoring Kinh Thien power. According to scientists, experts, architectural traces and relic systems discovered in the excavation in 2021 continue to reflect the complex evolution of historical and cultural relics Thang Long – Hanoi. underground. Thereby, it has contributed more documents to clarify the great, rich and diversified values ​​with three globally outstanding criteria of the World Heritage Site Center of Thang Long Citadel. At the same time, contribute some valuable materials to serve the research on recovering the space of Kinh Thien main hall. The new discoveries create favorable conditions for scientists, speed up the recovery process, and satisfy the aspirations of the masses of people and researchers. Posts and photos: Bao Thoa

Office tree frog Rhacophorus vanbanicus in the wild. The Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology said that the Institute’s scientists, in collaboration with Russian and German scientists, have discovered and described three new species of tree frog in Lao Cai and Ha Giang. Based on analysis of morphology, molecular genetics and bio-sound, a team of researchers from the Vietnam Museum of Nature, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, under the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology and Researchers from the Serbian Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences and the scientists of Cologne Zoo, Germany have discovered and described three new species of tree frogs including Rhacophorus vanbanicus, Zhangixalus franki and Zhangixalus jodiae. The table frog species Rhacophorus vanbanicus Kropachev, Orlov, Ninh, and Nguyen, 2019 Named after the standard sampling site in Van Ban district, Lao Cai province, Vietnam at an altitude of 900m, with evergreen forest habitat on high humidity rocky mountains with frequent fog and drizzle. The table frog frog features a brown back with two green stripes on the back from the back of the eye to the groin and forms a green triangle at the top, the underside of the thighs yellow-orange with 5-7 characteristic black nodules. This species is of medium size with an adult male body length of about 34.8 mm, head width less than head length. This finding is published in specialized journals Russian Journal of Herpetology. Zhangixalus jodiae in nature (A & B), and front and hind limbs (C & D). Goat tree frog species Zhangixalus jodiae Nguyen, Ninh, Orlov, Nguyen, and Ziegler, 2020 Named after Dr. Jodi Rowley – The Australian Museum for her outstanding contributions to the study of amphibian classification in Asia. This species was found in Quan Ba ​​district, Ha Giang province. In terms of morphology, the new species has an average body length in the range of 36.1-39.8 mm, the width and length of the head are equivalent, the tip of the snout is round, with the teeth of the cane leaves; front and hind limbs have swimming membranes; blotchy green back, cream-colored armpits with large black spots, groin and anterior-posterior part of thigh with alternating black and orange spots. Genetically, the new species is on the same branch as Z. nigropunctautus, Z. yaoshanensis, Z. pinglongensis and Z. chenfui. Z. jodiae had the closest genetic distance to Z. pinglongensis was 3.57%. Biological tones were recorded at 17.3-20.9 degrees Celsius with each vocal lasting 1.1 seconds and consisted of six notes, each note about 6 milliseconds, the distance between two notes about 15 milliseconds. . The dominant frequency is 2.0kHz. The notes of a voice have variable amplitude, with the last note having the smallest amplitude relative to the other notes. The discovery of this new species of frog was published in the journal Journal of Natural History. Standard specimen of Zhangixalus franki (A & B) and a drawing of anterior and posterior swimming membrane (C). Species Frank tree frog – Zhangixalus franki Ninh, Nguyen, Orlov, Nguyen, and Ziegler, 2020 named after the late German professor, doctor, veterinarian and amphibian conservationist Frank Mutschmann in honor and recognition of his support in amphibian research and conservation projects. residing in Vietnam. The new species can be distinguished from other species in the Zhangixalus genus based on a combination of the following characteristics: large body (from 77.9-85.8 mm in males), a blue dorsal surface with spots small dark brown, with white stripes separating the upper face and lower face of the body, developed parotid glands. This species was found at an altitude of 1,300 m in Quan Ba ​​district, Ha Giang province. The typical habitat is tropical evergreen forest on the mountains. Genetically, the new species in the same branch is most closely related to the Z. duboisi species, the genetic distance between the two species is about 2.51%. Findings about this species were published in the journal European Journal of Taxonomy.

Now, the wild mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park has “confessed” to the scientists secretly beating their breasts. The research has been published in the journal Scientific Reports under Nature and led by Dr. Edward Wright of the Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. The mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) is one of two eastern gorilla subspecies, comprising two populations. A population found in the Virunga volcano in Central Africa belongs to three national parks: Mgahinga, in southwestern Uganda; Volcanoes, in northwestern Rwanda; and Virunga in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The remainder was found in Bwindi Prohibited National Park in Uganda. Some primateists consider the Bwindi population a separate subspecies, although no complete description has been made. As of November 2012, an estimated total population of mountain gorillas was 880 individuals. From January 2014 to July 2016, researchers observed 25 wild male silver-backed gorillas overseen by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International (Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International), and recorded more. 500 chest beats. They recorded the chest pounding sounds of six of the gorillas, measured the rhythm and duration of each gorilla’s chest beat, and the frequency of the chest beating sounds. At the same time, they used the photographs to measure the shoulder widths of these gorillas to determine the sizes of different gorillas. Mountain gorilla. Mountain gorillas are descendants of monkeys and ancient apes found in Africa and Arab in the early Oligocene (34-24 million years ago). The fossil where the mountain gorilla lives is poor and its evolutionary history is unclear. About 9 million years ago, a group of primates evolved into gorillas, separated from their common ancestors with humans and chimpanzees; This is when genus Gorilla comes in. The mountain gorilla split from the eastern delta gorilla about 400,000 years ago and the two subspecies split from the eastern gorilla about 2 million years ago. There is much unresolved debate about the classification of mountain gorillas. The genus Gorilla was originally named Troglodytes in 1847, then renamed as it is today in 1852. By 1967 taxonomist Colin Groves proposed that all Gorilla genus consisted of only one species (Gorilla gorilla) with three Subspecies Gorilla gorilla gorilla (western plains gorilla), Gorilla gorilla graueri (delta gorilla found in western Virungas) and Gorilla gorilla beringei (mountain gorilla). In 2003, after review, gorillas were divided into two species (Gorilla gorilla and Gorilla beringei) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). After analyzing these measurement data, they found that “mountain gorillas can reliably transmit body shape information by beating their chest”. Specifically, large males will emit a lower frequency sound when they strike the chest. Researchers speculate that this may be related to their body’s large resonance cavity. Researchers also found that males beat their breasts more often during oestrus in female gorillas, so the sound of the chest beats could be an important body manifestation during flirting, a on the one hand, attracting children, and on the other hand, frightening the opponents. Interestingly, the beats and timing of these gorillas have nothing to do with body size, and not that the larger the size, the longer the beat. The chest beat of each gorilla is like a behavior showing the different personality, duration and frequency that will carry the characteristics of each individual. Researchers have analyzed that personalized beats could allow other gorillas to distinguish who was beating their chest from them. Mountain gorillas have been reported to have led to a threat of extinction due to poaching – mountain gorillas are often permanently injured by traps. hunt wild animals or take young individuals to zoos. Occupation – the rapid expansion of people’s settlements around the park’s safety corridor. Disease – mountain gorillas are regularly in contact with tour groups from all over the world, they can completely infect human infections. War, political turmoil – refugees flock to mountainous areas, cut trees and hunt gorillas for their meat for temporary life. Because of the above reasons, the World Animal Protection Organization and the host country authorities have increased patrols, using armed soldiers to remove traps, in addition to the work of determining the number of Gorillas mountain remaining. Expand the area of ​​the national park, require tour groups to stand away from monkeys, better manage this type of ecotourism. Another important part is educating local communities, spreading propaganda through materials and books and teaching students about biodiversity and protecting endangered animals. Ultimately, the scientists concluded that mountain gorillas live in dense rainforests, and sometimes they cannot see each other even when very close, but throbbing conveys personal information. it’s important for them to communicate.

Qian was born when the last Chinese dynasty was about to be replaced by a republic. From a young age, Qian was gifted and eventually, he graduated with distinction from Shanghai Jiaotong University, winning a rare scholarship from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in America. Qian Xuesen (Precursor of Ginseng) From MIT, Qian moved to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), studying under one of the most influential Hungarian aeronautical engineers named Theodore von Karman. There Qian shares his office with another famous scientist, Frank Malina, who is a key member of a small group of innovators known as the Suicide Squad. Fraser MacDonald, author of “Escape from Earth: A Secret History of the Space Rocket”, said the group earned the nickname for its efforts. of them in building a rocket on campus and because of some of their experiments with volatile chemicals. At that time, rocket science was considered by MacDonald as “a tool of reelers and fantasies. No one takes it seriously – no mathematic engineer has risked their reputation in saying this is the future. But, that quickly changed when World War 2 began. The “suicide squad” attracted the attention of the US military and was funded for research on a jet-assisted takeoff method, where the boosters were attached to the wings of aircraft so they could fly. overhead from short runways. Military funding also helped establish the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in 1943, with its director, Theodore von Karman. Qian, along with Frank Malina, is at the center of the project. Qian is a Chinese citizen but the ROC is an ally of America, so “there is no great doubt that a Chinese scientist is at the heart of America’s space effort,” said Fraser Macdonald. Qian is licensed to work in the classified weapons research department and even served on the US Government Scientific Advisory Board. At the end of the war, Qian was one of the foremost experts in jet engines and was sent with Theodore von Karman on an extraordinary mission to Germany, serving as a temporary lieutenant colonel. Their goal was to interview Nazi engineers, including Wernher von Braun, Germany’s top missile scientist. America wants to find out exactly what the Germans know. But, by the end of the decade, Qian’s sparkling career in America suddenly stopped. In China, Chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Meanwhile, a new JPL director believed there was a spy group at the laboratory and shared the suspicions. about a number of employees with the FBI. It is in this atmosphere that the FBI accuses Qian, Frank Malina and others of threats to national security. The allegations against Qian are based on 1938 US Communist Party documents that show Qian attended a social gathering that the FBI suspected was a meeting of the Communist Party of Pasadena. Zuoyue Wang, a history professor at California State Polytechnic University, claims there is no evidence that Qian ever spied for China or was an intelligence agent while he lived in the US. However, Qian was stripped of his security passport and placed under house arrest. Caltech colleagues, including Theodore von Karman, wrote to the government pleading for Qian’s innocence but to no avail. In 1955, after Qian was under house arrest for five years, President Eisenhower decided to expel him to China. The scientist left by boat with his wife and two children born in America. Qian told reporters he would never set foot in America again and that he kept his promise. When he arrived in the US, Qian had very little knowledge of rocket science. But, 15 years later, he oversaw the launch of the first Chinese satellite into space. For decades, Qian trained a new generation of scientists, and his work laid the foundation for China to send people to the Moon. While most Americans know nothing about Qian and his role in the US space program, Tianyu Fang said many Chinese Americans and Chinese students in the US knew about him, why he had to leave. and they see similarities today. “US relations with China have become so much worse that they know they could be suspected of being like Qian’s generation,” Fang commented. In Fraser MacDonald’s view, Qian’s story is a warning about what happens when knowledge shredding. “The whole story of American science is that it was driven by people from outside.” MacDonald believes that JPL’s contribution to the American space program was far ignored compared to Wernher von Braun and other German scientists, who were secretly arriving in America shortly after von Karman and Qian’s visit. Braun was once a Nazi but his achievements are recognized. Whereas the achievements of Qian and others from the JPL are not. Qian’s life lasted for nearly a century. During that time, China has grown from an uneconomical country into a superpower on Earth and in space. Qian is part of that transformation. But, Qian’s story can also be a great American one – where talent can flourish wherever talent is found.

Russian long-range radar system. “It is known that the lower the frequency range, the greater the penetrability of the waves, so our radar shooting can be done not only through clouds, fog but also under foliage and camouflage vehicles. . Accordingly, if a forest can be optically photographed under ideal conditions, our radar will be able to penetrate the foliage and be able to see any objects in the scanning area. ” Said Ilya Kuzmin, engineer of the Institute of Micro Devices and Control Systems called LN Presnukhina of NRU MIET. With the help of radar, it is possible to generate images not only of the visible surface but also to give its extensive interpretation, determining, for example, the state of soil and vegetation. By attaching the platform to an aircraft or drone, it is possible to capture volcanic eruptions, earthquakes or collapsing buildings. The new radar-controlled aircraft will provide images from which not only can the scale of the disaster be assessed, but also the detailed examination of objects. This development could also serve as the basis for satellite radars and applications in both scientific and military research. In the future, the satellite could carry out radar surveys on large areas of the country and around the world. The new radar can also be useful in agriculture for tracking crop growth, soil conditions and even fruit ripeness. During ice exploration in the Arctic and Antarctic conditions, the radar will determine the thickness of the ice and suggest routes that the icebreaker can take. In addition, the new radar system can help monitor the pipeline and oil pipeline. Radar is not, of course, an instant image projection camera; These are the reflected signals that are digitally recorded on a hard disk and processed by software, explains Ilya Kuzmin. At the same time with the revelation of new radar technology, Russia has also put into service the first unmanned radar system to monitor all flight activities in an area of ​​300,000 km2. General Andrei Koban, Commander of the Radio Technical Force of the Russian Aerospace Forces, said that each system is equipped with 20 radar modules. Each module can scout an area with a radius of 450km. “Integrated radar system with 20 modules, automatically control the aircraft’s operation over an area of ​​300,000 km2”, said General Koban. In addition to airspace control, the Nablyudatel radar is responsible for navigation, providing flight routes for aircraft that pass through the area in which it operates. General Koban also affirmed that this is the first radar system in history that can operate fully automatically without anyone participating in the control. Currently, Russia has deployed at least two Nablyudatel complexes to areas with the highest and most complex air traffic traffic.

Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ngo Duc Thanh, Hanoi University of Science and Technology. (Photo: Bich Lien) That is shared by Assoc. Ngo Duc Thanh, Hanoi University of Science and Technology – a young scientist who has just received the nomination for the Ta Quang Buu Prize in 2021 announced by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Sincere and full of enthusiasm of the scientist who met us, Assoc.Prof.Dr. Thanh said: Global climate change (CC) is a contemporary challenge that humanity is facing. Many human and computational resources are focused by the world to make future climate change scenarios under different assumptions. In 2012, at an international conference in Vietnam led by Assoc. Ngo Duc Thanh co-organized, Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiments (Southeast Asia) project coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiments (Southeast Asia) was established with the goal of sharing computational resources, human resources and promoting research for Southeast Asia. As soon as CORDEX-SEA was initiated, Assoc. Ngo Duc Thanh and his colleagues have embarked on research on simulating extreme temperature and precipitation factors for Southeast Asia. The study focuses on a number of climatic factors for the entire Southeast Asia region such as the number of heavy rainy days, the number of consecutive rainy or no rainy days, the number of days when the temperature is too hot or too cold … The program helped him to be named in the list of nominees for the Ta Quang Buu Award in 2021 – the project “Evaluation of the ability of the RegCM4 model to simulate the extreme indicators of rain and temperature in the CORDEX-Southeast. ASIAN”. According to Assoc. Ngo Duc Thanh, there are currently many models with different parameter configurations that can be used to calculate future climate change for the global as well as for individual regions such as Southeast Asia. However, different models will give different errors in different countries, regions, and times. During more than 4 years of implementation, Assoc. Ngo Duc Thanh and international colleagues conducted 18 simulation experiments to find the most suitable and optimal model configuration capable of representing the extreme climatic factors of rain and heat. area. 18 experiments were also ranked, from which the most optimal set of model parameters were selected, serving the long-term climate change projection until the end of the 21st century. After being announced, the work received the attention of the research community inside and outside the area. By providing the most optimal model parameters for long-term simulation experiments in Southeast Asia, the work is extremely important, helping to save significant resources and computation time. planning future climate change for the entire region. Initial research results are positive, but things have not stopped. Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ngo Duc Thanh said that, along with the results obtained, many big questions were re-opened: What is the cause of the difference in rainfall increase and decrease in different regions of the region? How do changes in the rain temperature regime affect extreme phenomena such as floods, droughts, hot weather …? However, the thing that Assoc. Ngo Duc Thanh feels most confident and confident that it is the handshake association of international scientists. Never before has the inter-country cooperation in the field been so extremely challenging as meteorology and climate change have been so closely coordinated. Talking more about the success of the project, Assoc.Prof.Dr. Thanh said: This is not only an honor for each individual scientist but also an opportunity for the field of meteorology / climate to be “quietly” and Picky learners, workers get more attention from society. Concerned about this field has not been concerned by many people, he expressed: There are very few young people interested in studying this field because this is also a challenging issue. “In recent years, each course has only recruited very few students, leading to this industry often scored relatively low, while the industry is in need of people who are good at math, physics and computer science.” In addition, during his work, he witnessed “inflows of people coming and going” in a number of hydro-meteorological research units, partly due to working conditions and inadequate income. living did not attract them. “We need the push to create a team of high-quality meteorologists that can be dedicated and passionate about the industry. That way can meet the needs of the society, solving practical and urgent problems such as forecasting natural disasters or researching climate change ”, Assoc.Prof.Dr. Thanh shared. /. The Ta Quang Buu Award is awarded annually by the Ministry of Science and Technology to honor scientists who have outstanding achievements in basic research in the fields of natural sciences and engineering. In 2021, together with TS. Bui Minh Tuan, Assoc. TS. Ngo Duc Thanh, a famous meteorologist was nominated for the “Main Award” category of this award. The Awards Ceremony is expected to be held on May 18 – Vietnam Science and Technology Day.

“This work makes it possible for us to understand part of the study,” said Benjamin Hess, a graduate student in the Department of Earth Sciences and Planetary Science at Yale University and the first author of the study. form life on Earth, and possibly extend to study of planets – life could be forming on those planets in a similar way “. The origin of life also commonly known as the process of life generation (abiogenesis) is a term for the different theories about the formation and development of life on Earth. Of these theories, the most popular up to now are the scientific theories that say: this is the natural process by which life arises from non-living matter, from inorganic substances into single organic compounds. simplified, then evolved into today’s world. As we all know, phosphorus is an essential component of life on Earth. Even looking for extraterrestrial life in space, scientists will look for signs of phosphorus. However, billions of years ago, phosphorus was trapped in insoluble minerals and was difficult to escape and exert its effects. Therefore. This issue has been of interest to scientists for many years, who want to know how phosphorus is converted into an easier to use form, thereby promoting life-generating processes. Researchers suggest that the phosphorus that helps create life on Earth may come from schreibersite, a rare but very common mineral in meteorites. When lightning strikes soil or sand (derived from meteorites) on the ground, it can instantly melt and then solidify to form natural glass – fulgurite (also known as clayey rock. ). These meteors can be submerged, meaning that in the presence of water, the phosphorus in this mineral can be dissolved outward and potentially become part of a chemical reaction. Although the details of life’s formation on Earth are still unknown, the popular scientific hypothesis is that the transition from non-living entities to living entities is not an event. single, which is an increasingly complex process involving molecular self-replication, self-assembly, autogenesis and the appearance of cell membranes. Although the occurrence of the origin of life is not controversial among scientists, there is no single accepted model for the origin of life. Initially many scientists agreed with this idea, but through intensive research and statistics, they found that from 3.5 to 4.5 billion years before life on Earth was born. The number of meteors on our planet is not enough to be life-boosting factors. In the new study, Hess et al. Proposed that phosphorus on Earth could come from lightning strikes. They believe that this is more likely than that of elemental phosphorus coming from meteorites, because compared to asteroid collisions, the number of lightning strikes Earth each year is relatively stable. “This makes lightning an important way to study the origin of life,” Hess said. The team also used computer modeling to estimate how many lightning strikes occurred on Earth during the critical period in the beginning of life. They found that there could be between 1 billion and 5 billion lightning strikes the Earth each year, and 100 thousand to 1 billion of them falling on the Earth’s surface. Earth remains the only place in the universe known to life, and fossil evidence from Earth facilitates most studies of the origin of life. The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years, the earliest irrefutable evidence of life on Earth dates back at least 3.5 billion years ago, and possibly as early as the Ancient Pre-Tai era ( 3.6 to 4.0 billion years ago), after the geological crust began to harden after the molten Hadean Eon. In May 2017, scientists found possible evidence of early terrestrial life in the 3.48 billion year old geyserite and other related mineral deposits (often found around water springs). hot and geysers) discovered in Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. According to the study’s estimates, the number of lightning strikes on Earth could reach 10 ^ 17 to 10 ^ 18 in a billion years. Researchers suggest that under the impact of too many lightning strikes, after 1 billion years, ores formed by lightning strike the ground can release phosphorus that can participate in chemical reactions in the presence of water. In other words, it was lightning in this period that produced enough phosphorus to explain the existence of phosphorus at the origin of life on Earth.

In a new study published in the journal Acta Astronautica, scientists said, in the future, a dangerous asteroid will plunge itself and collide with Earth. Relatively, an asteroid does not need to be too large to cause severe destruction. One of the simulations in this study is the asteroid 300 meters (1,000 feet) in diameter, the size of six Olympic swimming pools. This is not a large asteroid, but it would still destroy an area of ​​a large city with just the initial impact. An asteroid of this size is possible; as of October 2020, scientists have discovered 9,336 near-Earth object / asteroids (NEO / NEA) that are larger than 140 meters in diameter. Among them, scientists have classified 2,122 as potentially hazardous objects (PHO). So the risks here are not astronomically low – they are more likely to fall to Earth. Scientists say NASA has found that nuclear weapons are “10 to 100 times more effective” in moving asteroids out of a collision course with Earth than alternatives. Non-nuclear, thanks to the much higher energy of fission materials than conventional materials. This energy will apply the asteroid / asteroid an appropriate force to push the asteroids / meteors closer to Earth out of their original orbit. Detonating nuclear weapons to prevent an asteroid / asteroid plunge into Earth is considered optimal and feasible; Source: popularmechanics.com There are two ways to “treat” an asteroid / meteor – disruption or deflection it. In their research, the scientists ran computer simulations to see how it could dislodge the asteroid 300 meters from its flight path toward Earth. Shattering was Armageddon’s solution – hitting the asteroid directly to shatter it into much less damaging pieces. The other way – deflector, is a more “elegant” solution, according to the researchers. This only involves redirecting the entire asteroid so that it doesn’t hit Earth, eliminating the remaining variable left behind by a broken asteroid – debris. When detonating a nucleus near an asteroid, what happens is quite simple – detonating a nuclear device above an asteroid irradiates a certain surface area. Material near the surface melted almost immediately. This small amount of superheated matter then expands out of the asteroid as “blown”, creating a pressure wave in the remaining asteroid. A rocket-like emission pulse is transmitted and the asteroid’s initial velocity is altered, deflecting the asteroid. Nuclear detonation in simulations to change the intensity of its released neutron energy, the scientists found, up to 70% of the deflector action. So if we do this in the real world, the nuclear device will liquefy part of the asteroid’s surface, creating a backlash that alters the asteroid’s orbit. It must be a nuclear device that releases neutrons, not an X-ray emitter, to be as efficient as possible, the researchers said. And while we hope we never have to use those, it’s definitely better if we know in advance that we can.

In Kyoto this year, cherry blossoms bloom from March 26, the earliest in over 1,200 years. Many centuries ago, the flowering time in this area usually took place in mid-April, then gradually shifted to early April in the 19th century. (Photo: CNN) Flowers bloom at Daigoji Temple, Kyoto. (Photo: Twitter) This is the earliest cherry blossom season in the past 1,200 years in Japan. (Photo: CNN) The peak full bloom of cherry blossoms only lasted a few days. (Photo: Twitter) Scientists warn, unusually early blooms could be a sign of a major climate change (Image: Twitter) Cherry blossoms bloom at Kitanomaru Park in Tokyo, Japan, March 23. (Photo: CNN) Maruyama Sakura Park, one of the famous cherry blossom viewing spots in Kyoto. (Photo: Twitter) Cherry blossoms bloom on both sides of Tokyo’s streets, on March 29. (Photo: AP) The unusual weather fluctuations caused the cherry trees to bloom earlier. (Photo: AP) Scenery on Meguro River, Tokyo, Japan, March 28. (Photo: AP) People going to see the cherry blossoms are conscious of wearing masks to prevent epidemics. (Photo: AP) Cherry blossom viewing is a tradition dating back more than 1,000 years in Japan. (Photo: AP) Japan’s capital Tokyo has many ideal flower viewing spots. (Photo: EPA) Cherry blossoms are temperature sensitive, so their blooming cycles are susceptible to climate change. (Photo: The Washington Post)

Berkeley Lab is pursuing negative emission technologies and related research to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. According to Jeffrey Long, senior scientist in the Berkeley Laboratory’s Materials Science Department, UC Berkeley Professor of Chemistry, MOFs are highly porous solid materials that act like a sponge. They are capable of absorbing large amounts of a specific gas molecule, like CO2. A special feature of MOFs is its high internal surface area. Therefore, if properly designed, a small amount of MOF can remove large amounts of CO2 from the flue gases produced during the burning of fossil fuels. “We have shown that MOFs can capture and release CO2, using a much smaller temperature change than is required by other technologies. This offers a great advantage over conventional methods of CO2 capture. Variations of MOF can be effective in removing CO2 from other gas mixtures, including biogas, natural gas and even directly from the air, ”explained Mr. Long. However, this expert emphasized, reducing the cost of direct gas collection is essential, because this process is extremely expensive. The cost of removing CO2 with such a technology is at 500 – 1,000 USD / ton. Therefore, Mr. Long said that in the future, researchers will create more efficient materials. As a result, it helps to reduce costs below 100 USD / ton. Besides, the main issue is the amount of energy required to regenerate the adsorbent. This means that the scientists want to release CO2 in its pure form. As a result, the material can then be reused to capture more CO2. “One of our research goals is to develop materials with high capacity, high capture rate, fast kinetics for CO2 adsorption and low regeneration temperature. At the same time, limit the co-adsorption of water so as not to waste energy on the desorption process “, Mr. Long said. According to the scientist, it is possible to find a way to achieve below $ 100 for each ton of CO2 removed from the air. However, scientists will have to do much of the research needed to achieve that. “We need to really rethink some of the ways materials are designed and understand how to manipulate things like delta-S (entropy) to adsorb CO2, so that less heat is needed to release CO2,” Mr. Long stressed.

However, scientists in the UK have linked the consumption of red meat, such as beef, lamb and pork, to impaired heart function, including smaller ventricles, poor heart function, and arteries. harder. The scientists studied nearly 20,000 people, and found that high consumption of red and processed meat was linked to three different cardiovascular health conditions. Processed meats, such as sausages and bacon, are those that have been preserved by smoked or salted, processed or added chemical preservatives. There is some evidence that red meat alters gut microbiota, leading to higher levels of certain metabolites in the blood, which in turn is associated with a higher risk of heart disease. Previous studies have shown a link between high consumption of red and processed meats, which may increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease. Hamburger lovers may have to consider switching to a variety of plant-based alternatives that are now more common on supermarket shelves, as well as better for the environment. Last month, a team of researchers from Canada linked the risks of cardiovascular disease, like heart attack and stroke, to the consumption of processed meat. Additionally, a 2018 study found that regular consumption of red meat could increase the levels of chemicals that cause cardiovascular disease by more than 10 times. Study author Dr Zahra Raisi-Estabragh of Queen Mary University, London, said: “Previous studies have shown a link between high consumption of red meat and an increased risk of heart attack or death. died from heart disease. We examined the relationship between meat consumption and cardiovascular health imaging measures for the first time. This may help us understand the underlying mechanism of the previously observed association with cardiovascular disease ”. The long-term study investigating the contribution of genes and the environment to the development of health problems included 19,408 participants from UK Biobank. The researchers examined the association between self-reporting of red meat and processed meat consumption and heart anatomy and function. Three types of heart health measures were analyzed, one of which is blood vessel elasticity, a marker of good health. The analysis is adjusted for other factors that may affect the association, including age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol, exercise, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and only body mass number (BMI). The researchers found that high consumption of red and processed meats was associated with a decrease in cardiovascular health indicators of all the measures studied. People who eat more meat have smaller ventricles, poor heart function, and stiffer arteries, all of which are signs of poor heart health. Specifically, people who eat more meat have smaller ventricles, poor heart function, and stiffer arteries, all of which are signs of poor heart health. For comparison, the researchers also examined the relationships between heart-imaging measurements and eating oily fish, which is known to be good for heart health. They found that as the consumption of oily fish increased, heart function improved and the arteries more elastic. Dr Raisi-Estabragh said: “The findings support previous observations of the association between red meat consumption and processed meat and heart disease, and provide an understanding of heart structure and function. , blood vessel. It is thought that these factors may be the reason for the observed association between red meat and heart disease. For example, maybe eating more red meat leads to increased cholesterol in the blood and this in turn causes heart disease. Our research shows that these factors play a role in the relationship between meat intake and heart health, but they are not all. The study did not look at replacement mechanisms, the authors note, and admitted that it does not actually cause cardiac dysfunction. “This is an observational study and cannot assume the cause, but overall, it seems plausible that people limit their intake of red and processed meats for cardiovascular health reasons,” said Dr. Raisi-. Estabragh said. The research is being presented at the ESC 2021 Preventive Cardiovascular Conference, an online scientific conference of the European Heart Association (ESC). Dr. Shireen Kassam, a hematologist and senior lecturer at King’s College Hospital, who was not involved in the study, said observational data valuable for several decades indicate eating red and processed meats. increased risk of development and death from coronary heart disease and heart disease. “It’s no surprise that participants who consumed the most meat had evidence of impaired heart function and blood vessels,” she said. Research confirms that we must avoid questioning the role of red and processed meat in the diet and act on these research findings. By focusing on effective public health messages to assist people in eliminating these foods from their diet and replacing them with healthier plant protein sources. This will not only improve human health but also benefit the environment. Huong Giang (Source: dailymail)

Tests with neutrobots have been performed quite successfully in mice. It can use intelligent biological camouflage and overcome difficult barriers to get closer to the source of the disease in the body and offer the best treatment. The Preeminence of New Micro Robots Microbots are nothing new, it’s like disguising robots into bacteria or using magnets to move them across blood vessels. But what sets Chinese scientists’ new micro-robot designs apart from the crowd is that it can overcome one of the body’s toughest biological barriers, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) ​​- a single layer. extremely high selectivity protection. Designed to stop pathogens and allow only nutrients to penetrate, BBB is the challenge of micro-robots that the body often considers an outside invader. It is very difficult for micro robots to cross this last line of defense and get closer to the hidden tumors behind it. One author of the above study is Professor Zhiguang Wu at Harbin Institute of Technology specializing in nanotechnology. The new micro-robots, he said, can overcome obstacles that hamper many conventional medical treatments. According to Professor Wu, “the passive diffusion of conventional drugs is subjected to a long, ineffective period of time and blocks biological barriers, which can lead to strong side effects. Meanwhile, the new swimming micro-robot / nano-robot, can move into hard-to-reach tissues using their propulsion, load different drugs and actively swim to diseased sites to transporting drugs ”. This is very important because when it comes to fighting cancer because the more targeted the treatment the better. It is especially true when it comes to brain tumors. Because the tumor is in a difficult position in the brain and BBB’s strong protection, drug treatment can be difficult, and removing the tumor requires brain surgery. Even then, usually only 90% of the tumor can actually be removed. In the past, micro robots were inspired by the way a bacteria or sperm move through the body. All light, acoustics and magnetic fields are used to propel them along the host’s body. Through it, a variety of biomedical tasks can be performed, including cutting the membrane, retaining the distributed drug in the gastrointestinal tract, and distributing the drug through the eye dropper. However, even though the researchers control the motion of these micro-robots more than typical drugs in the body, most micro-robotic designs still face one major hurdle: the body’s immune system, especially BBB. To fool BBB’s defense systems, scientists have designed a new micro-robot that is biologically camouflaged to “sneak through” the fence without being detected. The neutrobots are disguised and introduced into the bloodstream. How does the new micro robot work? The use of self-propelled, drug-dispensing micro-robots could open the door for scientists to get closer and more individual-based access to tumor treatment than oral or given medication. permission before. To treat glioma, a type of brain cancer, in mice, Professor Wu and colleagues have designed neutrobot-based micro-robots that can be controlled with a magnetic field. First, they created nanoparticles from a gel embedded with magnetic iron oxide particles, and the popular cancer drug paclitaxel. Next, these nanoparticles were encased in a disguised E. coli bacterial membrane. Disguised as harmful bacteria, these nanoparticles are submerged by in vitro mouse neutrophils much more easily than the bare nanoparticles that are not camouflaged. The researchers found that the camouflage also prevented drug leakage and made these particles less toxic to neutrophils. The research team tested the neutrobots’ ability to navigate and deliver drugs in vitro. Under the control of a rotating magnetic field, the neutrobots reach a speed of 16.4 µm / second – about 50 times faster than the natural neutrophil. By tracking the neutrobots under the microscope, the scientists can let them travel in complex directions on the artificial substrate. In their trials, the team showed that their neutrobots were able to successfully penetrate mouse BBBs to bring the drug into brain tumors. Despite these successes, scientists still have many things to do before they can be applied to humans. One issue that needs to be fixed, the authors explain, is how to better track each neutrobot as they pass through the body. Right now magnetic resonance imaging can track neutrobot groups as they move but cannot track individuals. “Our research has verified that treatment with neutrobots can prolong survival in mice with gliomas. Therefore, it may not be too long to bring stories about micro-robots in science fiction to reality, ”said Professor Wu.

Some Chinese scientists discovered cosmetic bottles dating back to 2,700 years old, according to South China Morning Post . It’s a face cream stored in an ornate copper vase. In 2017, the team found an ice cream jar in the tomb of an aristocrat during the Spring-Autumn period (771-476 BC) in China. The grave is located at the archaeological site of Liujiawa, Chengcheng District, Shaanxi Province, Northwest China. The lotion jar was used 2,700 years ago in China. Photo: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. “This is China’s oldest men’s cosmetic. It’s also the nation’s earliest known face cream,” said lead researcher from Shaanxi Archaeological Institute – Sun Zhanwei. China News Service . According to Zhanwei, it is not clear what occasions aristocrats in Liujiawa used the lotion. However, it is considered a valuable item and buried according to the deceased. Researchers believe that cosmetics contained in copper jars are facial whitening creams for men. “The nobility use cosmetics as a way to lead the fashion trend. Besides, it also shows their cultural identity,” explained Mr. Zhanwei. The archaeological site is located in the capital of Nhue country during the Spring and Autumn period. The tomb is said to have belonged to a noble official from time to time. After years of intricate research, scientists discover the residue inside the copper jar. It is made up of ruminant fat mixed with monohydrocalcite, used as a whitening cream. Sun Zhanwei added: “Men use cosmetics not only for the purpose of beautifying the skin, but also in relation to drastic changes in the social environment”. 5 ways to maintain a youthful look for men Healthy skin, few defects help men feel confident when meeting people.

Coffee stenophylla is said to have a great taste. Photo: RBG KEW. In the dense rainforest of Sierra Leone, scientists have rediscovered a species of coffee that has disappeared in the wild for decades. This is a plant that can help ensure the future of coffee, which is already affected by climate change. In 2050, climate change halves coffee production On April 19, researchers said, this coffee tree has a name Coffea stenophylla , is able to withstand higher temperatures than Arabica coffee accounts for 56% and Robusta coffee accounts for 43% of global production. Stenophylla has been shown to have a premium taste, similar to Arabica. Botanist Aaron Davis, who leads research on the anti-climate change stenophylla coffee. Photo: Inews. Botanist Aaron Davis, who led the study published in the journal Nature Plants , said, before disappearing, stenophylla plants were grown in regions of West Africa and exported to Europe until the early 20th century. According to Mr. Davis, the stenophylla coffee tree has not been seen in the wild in Sierra Leone since 1954 and in the Ivory Coast since the 1980s. This is given as an evidence. Climate change is a pressing concern for the billion-dollar coffee industry. Many coffee farmers around the world are experiencing the negative effects of this phenomenon. The taste of Arabica is considered excellent and offers a higher price than robusta, which is mainly used for instant and blended coffee. But Arabica has a limited tolerance to climate change, and research has shown that global production of this coffee can drop by at least 50% by mid-century. The fruit of the stenophylla tree is dark black. Photo: Reuters. Unlike the red and sometimes yellow berries of Arabica and robusta, the stenophylla fruit is dark black. The coffee beans are inside the fruit. The stenophylla coffee grows at an average annual temperature of 24.9 ° C, 1.9 ° C higher than Robusta and up to 6.8 ° C higher than that, the researchers said. arabica coffee. Rediscovered stenophylla “proves the future” of the coffee industry Dr Davis said the rediscovery of stenophylla could help “prove the future” of the coffee industry, to support the economies of some tropical countries and provide livelihoods for more than 100 million farmers. people. Stenophylla can be used with minimal domestication, as a high value coffee for farmers in warmer climates. “In the long run, stenophylla provides us with an important resource for breeding a new generation of climate resistant coffee, as it has great taste and good heat resistance. “If historical reports on coffee leaf rust resistance and drought tolerance are believed to be correct, this will be a useful asset for coffee plant breeding”, Mr. Davis added. This study also included the evaluation of 18 coffee tasters on the taste of stenophylla species. A small sample of this coffee bean has been roasted and made into coffee, then enjoyed by a group of coffee connoisseurs. The report showed that more than 80% of the judges were unable to distinguish the difference between Stenophylla and Arabica when tasted. Accordingly, this species has a complex flavor, with a natural sweetness, high average acidity, and a fruity taste when sipping in the mouth. The rediscovered stenophylla grows wild in Sierra Leone. Photo: RBG KEW. From December 2018, Dr. Davis and study co-author Jeremy Haggar of the University of Greenwich and coffee developer Daniel Sarmu searched wild stenophylla in Sierra Leone, where it is historically grown as a coffee tree about a century ago. Initially, they discovered a single tree in central Sierra Leone. They then discovered a healthy population of wild stenophylla some 140 kilometers southeast of Sierra Leone. “Both sites are tropical rainforest, but stenophylla tends to appear on drier, more open areas: ridges, slopes, and rocky areas,” said Dr. Davis. According to Davis, stenophylla is threatened with extinction amid massive deforestation in three countries where it is growing wild: Sierra Leone, Guinea and Ivory Coast. “I think we are extremely optimistic about the future,” said Jeremy Torz, co-founder of the Union Hand-Roasted Coffee special coffee business in East London, which hosts the tasting of the coffee. stenophylla can deliver ”. Dr. Davis hopes one day that stenophylla will be re-grown in Sierra Leone on a large scale. “I think within five to seven years we will see stenophylla enter the market as a niche, high-value coffee, and then I think it will be more popular,” he said.