The speed of light (more generally, the speed of propagation of electromagnetic radiation) in a vacuum, denoted c, is an important fundamental physical constant in many areas of physics. It has an exact value of 299,792,458 meters per second, because the meter length unit is redefined based on this constant and the standard second. According to special relativity, c is the maximum speed that all energy, matter, and information in the universe can reach. It is the speed at which every massless particle bound to physical fields (including electromagnetic radiation such as light photons) propagates in a vacuum. It is also the propagation speed of gravity (such as gravitational waves) predicted by current theories. Particles and waves travel with velocity c regardless of the motion of the source or of the observer’s inertial frame of reference. After Einstein founded relativity, it became known that the speed of light is indeed very fast, because this is the upper limit of the local speed in the universe, and no other speed can be exceeded. through it. Moreover, regardless of the medium in the frame of reference, the measured speed of light is exactly the same. Based on the principle of the constant speed of light in relativity and the highly accurate measurement of the speed of light, physicists have also determined the speed of light to be 299,792,458 meters/second without affecting the speed of light. affect the current physical quantity. In this way, people no longer have to worry about accurately measuring the speed of light, and can also solve the problem of errors in the equipment used to determine the clock. The speed of light propagating in a vacuum is independent of both the motion of the light source as well as of the observer’s inertial frame of reference. The constancy of the speed of light was postulated by Einstein in his 1905 paper on special relativity. Physicists can now only experimentally confirm the speed of light by methods above two Two-way speed of light is frame-independent, because the speed of light cannot be measured in one-way speed of light, ignoring some conventions of uniformity. synchronization between the clock at the source and the clock at the receiver. Whether it’s electron transition, nuclear fusion, nuclear fission, or the annihilation of yin and yang matter, these processes produce light. Once light is created, their speed will immediately reach the speed of light, and they will always travel at this speed. If light were not absorbed by matter, they would not be dissipated in the universe, and the speed would always remain at the speed of light. For example, the first photons created in the universe 13.8 billion years ago are still present today, and they travel through the universe at the speed of light. So, how did light reach the speed of light? How does light maintain the speed of light? What is the driving force that drives the light forward? If it is explained from the point of view of the particle nature of light, then light is composed of photons with no rest mass. According to special relativity, since the static mass of photons is zero, their speed can only be the speed of light. According to the Higgs mechanism of the Standard Model of Particle Physics, when photons without static mass pass through the Higgs field throughout the universe, the photons will not be coupled, so they will not gain static mass, and their speed will not decrease. Once the photons are generated, their speed will directly reach the speed of light, and there is no acceleration from zero to the speed of light. Propagation of photons does not require energy to propagate, if they were not absorbed by matter or a black hole, they would always travel aimlessly through a vacuum at the speed of light. On the other hand, if explained from the evaporation of light, the nature of light is electromagnetic wave. Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism show that electricity and magnetic fields are essentially unified, that a changing electric field excites a magnetic field, and a changing magnetic field excites a repeated electric field, creating out electromagnetic waves. Since electromagnetic fields are formed at the speed of light, electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light. The generation and existence of electromagnetic fields are independent of the medium, so light can travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. Although the spatial structure continues to expand, light propagating through space will appear redshift, but they will not completely disappear in the universe.

Recently, the Ministry of Construction has issued Official Letter 1817/BXD-QHKT responding to the petitions of the voters of Hanoi city on continuing to relocate factories, production enterprises, universities and hospitals from the inner areas. to the outskirts of the city to overcome environmental pollution and traffic jams in the inner city. FOR BUILDING LIST OF WORKS NEED TO REMOVE With this issue, the Ministry of Construction said, on January 23, 2015, the Prime Minister issued Decision 130/QD-TTg on measures, relocation schedule and the use of land fund after relocation. industrial production establishments, hospitals, higher education institutions, vocational education institutions and agencies and units in the inner city of Hanoi. Accordingly, industrial production establishments, hospitals, higher education institutions, and vocational education institutions in the list need to be relocated outside the inner city with specific relocation routes and measures determined in accordance with regulations. suitable to specific conditions, locations and characteristics of each facility that needs to be relocated, ensuring feasibility; The Hanoi People’s Committee shall assume the prime responsibility for making a list, determining criteria, a roadmap and specific relocation measures for industrial production establishments, the Ministry of Education and Training shall assume the prime responsibility for implementing such relocation. Currently, for educational and training institutions, the Ministry of Health shall assume the prime responsibility for implementing medical facilities that need to be relocated outside the inner Hanoi area, and submit them to the Prime Minister for approval. Regarding the implementation of relocation of industrial production facilities in Hanoi city, the Hanoi People’s Committee has established a Steering Committee for relocation; develop a specific list of works that need to be relocated, propose the principles of grouping criteria, the order of relocation in phases in the area of ​​12 inner-city districts, determine the roadmap and organize the implementation. For the relocation of medical facilities and education and training, the Ministry of Health is implementing the planning of the network of medical facilities for the period of 2021 – 2030, with a vision to 2045 according to the tasks assigned by the Prime Minister. approved in Decision No. 648/QD-TTg dated May 18, 2020; The Ministry of Education and Training is implementing the planning of a network of higher education and pedagogical institutions for the period of 2021 – 2030, with a vision to 2050 according to the tasks approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No. 209/ Decision-TTg dated February 17, 2021, as a basis for implementing the next steps according to the approved plan. Regarding the implementation of relocation of industrial production facilities in Hanoi city, the Hanoi People’s Committee has established a Steering Committee for relocation; develop a specific list of works that need to be relocated, propose the principles of grouping criteria, the order of relocation in phases in the area of ​​12 inner-city districts, determine the roadmap and organize the implementation. “The relocation of factories, production enterprises, universities and hospitals from the inner city to the suburbs to overcome environmental pollution and traffic jams in the inner city of Ha Noi city. Interior is essential. However, the organization of implementation from planning stage, relocation project to implementation organization is still slow due to many reasons. “Due to changes in guidelines, related policies and laws affecting the progress of planning and relocation projects; the implementation process faced many difficulties in mobilizing resources and allocating capital for implementation. while relocation requires huge budget capital; the initiative and coordination of relevant agencies is not high…”, according to the document of the Ministry of Construction. The document of the Ministry of Construction also said: In order to well perform the tasks assigned by the Prime Minister in Decision No. 130/QD-TTg dated January 23, 2015, relevant ministries, branches and localities need to promote the progress of making sectoral plans, determining the list of establishments that need to be relocated, the roadmap and implementation measures; propose necessary supporting mechanisms and policies. HOA LAC URBAN zoning is in progress With its responsibility, the Ministry of Construction focuses on perfecting the system of legal documents on construction to create a legal corridor in the management and implementation according to the planning, meeting the actual requirements. ; strengthen coordination with ministries, branches and People’s Committees of provinces in the Capital region in the implementation process; guide and inspect the implementation of legal provisions on construction to promptly detect shortcomings and limitations to propose competent authorities to adjust or adjust according to their competence legal documents, meet development requirements and actual conditions and situations. At the same time, coordinate with localities to organize the implementation of the construction planning of the Hanoi Capital region approved by the Prime Minister in order to effectively allocate investment and development resources; creating regional spatial linkages, sharing functions among cities in the region, creating motivation and attraction for satellite cities, exploiting the potential of central cities to reduce pressure on population growth. study in the big city. Also related to planning, voters asked the Government to direct ministries and branches to soon implement and complete the formulation and approval of zoning planning, detailed planning of Hoa Lac satellite town in order to attracting investment projects, implementing planning, promoting socio-economic development in Thach That district and other districts and towns in the planning area. Responding to this issue, the Ministry of Construction stated that: the general planning of Hoa Lac urban area, Hanoi city by 2030, the ratio of 1/10,000 has been approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No. 705/QD- TTg on May 28, 2020. Pursuant to Clause 2, Article 2 of Decision No. 705/QD-TTg, the Hanoi People’s Committee is responsible for organizing the elaboration and approval of subdivision plannings, detailed planning and implementation tasks. planning according to its competence, regulations of law on urban planning and construction planning. Currently, the People’s Committee of Hanoi is directing the organization of the formulation of urban zoning plans to concretize the general planning of Hoa Lac urban area, serving as a basis for determining investment projects and planning. detail. Relevant ministries and branches shall direct functional agencies and affiliated units to review and implement contents related to sectors and fields of management in accordance with the approved general planning. Currently, the People’s Committee of Hanoi is directing the organization of the formulation of urban zoning plans to concretize the general planning of Hoa Lac urban area, serving as a basis for determining investment projects and planning. detail. The formulation, appraisal and approval of the planning must be carried out according to the schedule according to the provisions of law. The Ministry of Construction will strengthen guidance and inspect the implementation according to the general planning of Hoa Lac urban area, and make comments on zoning planning projects according to regulations.

– Where? – Around Bach Dang wharf park in District 1, people are very interested in… – Move, cut down many trees to improve the park, right Tu? – That’s it! People are worried that they will lose the already scarce green space in the heart of the city. – A very legitimate concern! – I’m not a resident nearby, but I’m sorry. Because it is home to hundreds of old, shady trees, many locals and tourists often go there to stroll, play and exercise. – You do not have to advertise, Mr. Ba has also taken the whole family there many times to walk and relax. – So… – So what? – For many people, it is not only a green space but also a… – Commemorative sky! – Baba is so right! So they are very regretful and… – Wish the city had another more suitable option while still retaining the green area? – Exactly! – So according to you, in order to retain the green area, what kind of park renovation must be done? – Harmony between old and new! – What do you mean? – As a resident has suggested, the park should be designed based on the location of available trees, not cut down or relocated. It’s kind of “measure and make shoes”. It is taking the measurement of the foot to make shoes to fit, not making shoes and then cutting feet to fit. – It can be any type of genus, as long as the old trees are not cut down or removed. – Actually, it’s not a new invention that many other places have made. Especially in… – Where, Mr. Ba? – In high-class resorts, people respect and preserve each stone and tree stump available in nature and when designing houses and roads, choose accordingly. Therefore, creating harmony with nature and being very different, no other place is the same! – Maybe the city should move in that direction and… just give it a try!

(Photo: Internet) (Photo: Internet) Iceland belongs to the Arctic Circle, made up of volcanoes belonging to an active submarine volcanic ridge. Besides glaciers, icebergs, Iceland also has many volcanoes, hot springs and huge geothermal resources due to its location on the Atlantic volcanic belt. According to Reference, it is because there are glaciers and volcanoes together that Iceland is called the land of fire and ice. (Photo: Internet) (Photo: Internet) The center of the island is an extremely cold highland area, almost uninhabited. More than three hundred thousand Icelanders live mainly on the coast, of which nearly half are concentrated in the capital Reykjavík. The capital is more than a thousand years old and Reykjavík means Smoky Bay. (Photo: Internet) As the name suggests, this city is a bit dreamy, a bit ancient and most of the architecture is simple and small. Icelanders do not need massive buildings because the magnificent nature here is enough to make anyone overwhelmed. In addition to ice and snow specialties, there are also countless beautiful waterfalls. If you come here in the summer, the best way to explore this beautiful land is to rent a self-drive car along the Ring Road. This route has a total length of 1,322km, surrounding the island and connecting most of the main city, so of course it runs through most of the main attractions, freely roaming around. In the evening, visitors can rent a hotel or bring a tent ready for camping. (Photo: Internet) Along this road, there are many fully equipped campsites, with a kitchen for you to cook for yourself, a full bathroom and toilet. Therefore, the most economical way is to bring tents and buy ready-made food at supermarkets. Although it is summer, the temperature is still quite low, so you still need to bring some warm clothes. The weather is also quite erratic, it can rain when it’s sunny, then it’s sunny again, so you can enjoy the rainbow. There are times when sitting by the waterfall, if you are lucky, you can see a double rainbow. (Photo: Internet) (Photo: Internet) Ring Road is considered very beautiful, so even sitting in the car, you can enjoy the scenery without getting bored, turn on the music and chill. Once you come here and experience driving along the roads in Iceland, it will be an unforgettable memory of your youth.

Recently, her house, which belongs to a building on Wukang Street, gained attention on social media thanks to a large pink bow hanging from the balcony, making the building look like a miniature Disney castle. Since then, curious people have come to take pictures of check-in more and more, disturbing the life of the elderly woman. The pink bow hung on the balcony caused many tourists to flock to the door of the building where Mrs. Photo: The Paper. The 1.5 km long Wukang Street is a familiar place in Shanghai with many famous cafes and historical sites. The two movies are Color, Gender (2007) and Like him (2017) are all set here, making this place even more attractive to tourists. Ms. Hu suddenly became famous online after a user visited this neighborhood and shared a video online with the caption, “Standing on Wukang Road, under the phoenix tree, under the balcony with a giant bow attached, waiting, waiting. an old lady”. Reply The Paper , a neighbor said that someone else had attached a bow to the outside of the building, right on the balcony of the grandmother’s house. After the pink bow was taken down, there were still a lot of curious people coming to this place according to the recommendation of internet users. Photo: Sohu. “Mrs. Hu’s family is very worried because she is 80 years old,” the neighbor said. Not only the old woman, other residents also faced difficulties in getting in and out when the building suddenly attracted a large number of visitors, standing in front of the door. The fever brought to the house with the giant bow made Fang Shizhong, director of the Shanghai Municipal Department of Culture and Tourism, to suggest that tourists need to have a sense of civilized sightseeing, without disturbing life. of people. In recent years, the phenomenon of tourism daka, means break in in Chinese , became a trending trend on social media in China. Accordingly, not only taking pictures at check-in, tourists and reviewers also broadcast live, talking about where they are going. The flip side of this trend is that many people start livestreaming incidents, traffic accidents, and crime scenes to attract views. In 2020, Chinese media reported that a woman in Hangzhou was murdered by her husband, her body was scattered around the apartment complex. After the news broke, many Internet users flocked to “livestream from the haunted house” and interview neighbors.

The operator of the air conditioning pump station is located in the heart of the extended Nguyen Sy Sach street The reservoir pumping station project is funded by World Bank (WB) loan. The project has a total investment of more than 20 billion VND, was handed over and put into operation in 2018. However, at this time, another project was started, making this project not yet effective. Break. When project overlaps project In the early days of May, 2021, Reporter of Traffic Newspaper was present at the construction of extended Nguyen Sy Sach Street (in Vinh City, Nghe An Province). As noted, the construction is unfinished but the atmosphere is quite quiet. On the long road through Hung Dung ward, only a few trucks carry the ground for motorbikes to level and flatten. Meanwhile, the ground on this section of the route has not been cleared, the most typical is the pumping station for the conditioning reservoir. According to observations, 2/3 of the construction area is in the middle of the center of the road. In addition, crossing the road, there is a system of floating sewer pipes and submerged culverts carrying water at the bottom. The entire infrastructure in this project is still quite new. A resident living near this project said: “This wastewater treatment pumping station has just been built and has just been put into operation. Now I heard that they are going to have to demolish to make a road, what a waste.” Confirming information, Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Phong, Deputy Head of Vinh City Construction and Investment Management Board said: This pumping station project is part of the Vinh urban development sub-project, invested by Vinh City People’s Committee. from the World Bank (WB) loan. Pumping station with a capacity of 10,500m3/day, built around 2015 – 2016 and handed over for operation in 2018. Mr. Hoang Hong Khanh, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Vinh Urban Infrastructure Development and Management Joint Stock Company, affirmed: The unit has received the pumping station and operated since 2018. Up to now, the station is still operating normally and has never been opened. exploit at full capacity. This station mainly pumps and transfers wastewater along the two banks of the North canal. “The wastewater pumping station component has a total investment of more than 20 billion dong (about 1 million USD), all borrowed from the World Bank. Now that the pumping station has to be demolished to build a road, I don’t know why the project overlaps like that?”, said Mr. Nguyen Trung Dung, former Director of the Urban Development Sub-Project Management Board. Vinh City (representative of the investor) said. Responsible football Talking to PV, Mr. Nguyen The Anh, Deputy Head of Vinh City Urban Construction Project Management Board, added: The city has assigned the City Land Fund Development Center to coordinate with the City Management and Construction Joint Stock Company. develop Vinh urban infrastructure as a plan to relocate a part of the pumping station, making way for the extended Nguyen Sy Sach road project. When asked why in the process of implementing the planning and adjusting the planning to overlap and overlap between the two projects, which wastes money, Mr. Nguyen The Anh explained: The pumping station project is part of the capital project. loans from the World Bank, formed in the 2010s. At that time, there was no master plan for Vinh City until 2030, with a vision to 2050; Subdivision planning and extended Nguyen Sy Sach street have not been formed yet. It was not until 2015, when the pumping station was under construction, that the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 52 “Approving the adjustment of the general planning of Vinh city, Nghe An province to 2030, with a vision to 2050”. At this time, Nguyen Sy Sach Street was extended. “The board is only a construction management unit, on planning issues, you have to ask the City’s Urban Management Department,” said Mr. The Anh. Meanwhile, Mr. Nguyen Viet Duc, Head of Vinh City Urban Management Department only said: “The pumping station existed before the extended Nguyen Sy Sach street project. The prolonged Nguyen Sy Sach Street is a key project of the city, if it is not done immediately, it will lose the opportunity that the Central Government has allowed.” And although the plan and cost of moving the pumping station has not been approved yet, Mr. Duc still affirmed that the displacement value is “almost zero”. As for why in the process of planning and adjusting the plan to prevent encroachment, Mr. Duc immediately pushed the responsibility: “It was the matter of my predecessor, I had not done it at that time, so I do not know”. Regarding the relocation plan and the State’s payment, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Vinh Urban Infrastructure Development and Management Joint Stock Company – Hoang Hong Khanh said: “We have surveyed and identified outside the fence and yard. , the operator must be demolished and relocated to the rear, there is also a section of the floating ditch that is affected and must be adjusted. Fortunately, the pumping system and underground tank were not affected, so the cost of moving (removing and rebuilding – PV) the above items to the back, cost about 1 billion VND. The extended Nguyen Sy Sach road project has a length of 6.5km, started in 2018, expected to be completed in March 2021, extended until December 2021. Total project cost in phase 1 is 240 billion VND. Currently, 4.5km has been compensated for site clearance. The Vinh Urban Development sub-project has a total investment of 128 million USD, of which the WB’s loan is 98 million USD, and 30.43 million USD is the counterpart capital of Vietnam. The project started in June 2013. The basic items were handed over in December 2018, with some remaining balances extended until April 30, 2019.

Car procession of Egyptian mummies. Photo: Ahramonline. The procession is said to take the audience back to the ancient Egyptian era, when kings and queens were brought to their tombs and the afterlife. The mummies will be transported on the Nile and then accompanied by a carriage. The Ministry of the Interior of Egypt announced it would close some roads and major bridges in Cairo on the evening of April 3 to move the mummies. Completely closes from 18:00 to 20:30 pm on April 3, including the main points of Tu Do Square and Sadat subway station. Final preparations for the relocation parade are being completed. This is considered a rare event in Egyptian history. It is expected that more than 400 TV channels, international press representatives will participate in this event. The National Civilization Museum of Egypt covers an area of ​​about 135,000 square meters with more than 23,235 square meters of exhibition space in the ancient city of Fustat, Cairo and overlooking Lake Ain Al-Sira, near the Giza Pyramids. This will be the place to display more than 50,000 artifacts about Egyptian civilizations from prehistoric times to the present day. The new museum has a unique architecture that simulates images of ancient pyramids and will be a work not to be missed when visiting Egypt.

It is expected that people will move about 22 mummies, including 18 kings and four half emperors, dating from the 17, 18, 19 and 20 dynasties. Ancient mummies will be paraded through the streets of Cairo in the scene of brilliant fireworks, sound and light shows, and honor cars, and the cavalry will also accompany the mummy. Why did Egypt suddenly move dozens of ancient mummies? Among these displaced mummies are the famous mummy of King Sequenenre, who began the war of liberation against the Hyksos, Queen Hatshepsut, owner of the magnificent temple Deir Al-Bahari in Luxor and King. Ramesses II, the great pharaoh of the New Kingdom. Before departing, the mummies will be placed inside special containers filled with nitrogen, with storage conditions similar to those on display in museums. Each barrel is then loaded onto a private carriage decorated in ancient Egyptian style and carried in order from oldest to youngest. Upon arrival at the Egyptian Civilization Museum, the mummies will be recovered in the laboratory for nearly 15 days in preparation for installation inside the new galleries. At the Egyptian Civilization Museum, the mummies are placed in the Royal Mummy Room, decorated to resemble the valley of the kings, the area where their tombs were originally located. The ‘Golden Parade of the Pharaohs’ is said to be a splendid festival along the Nile, celebrating Egypt’s rich heritage and attracting visitors back after a tough year. Archaeologist Zahi Hawass, former minister of Egyptian Antiquities, said: “This parade will make all Egyptians proud of the country”. Hoang Dung (translation)