Due to the complex structure and passage of the seabed, repair of fiber optic cables can take weeks. Illustration. Specifically, the APG fiber optic cable had a problem since May 11 near Hong Kong. The cause of the fault was determined to be a shun fault. The repair process of this cable route lasted 5 days, during which the entire service to and from Hong Kong, China of APG project member partners was interrupted. On the morning of June 11, a representative of an Internet service provider (ISP) confirmed that the error of the APG fiber optic cable had been fixed. For the AAE-1 route, the incident on May 25 was determined to be a broken cable. The incident partially disrupted the carrier’s service to Hong Kong. According to the announcement of the company in charge of the AAE-1 cable route to Vietnamese ISPs, it is expected that the repair time for this cable line will last from June 22 to July 13. The two cable lines mentioned above are the ones with large capacity. The APG route, with the investment of four Vietnamese carriers, VNPT, Viettel, FPT and CMC, has been in operation since December 2016. With a maximum bandwidth of 54 Tbps and a length of 10,400 km, the APG route passes through many Asian landing points such as China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Meanwhile, the AAE-1 line has been in operation since July 2017, with a length of 25,000 km and a total capacity of 40Tb/s. This cable route has the role of improving quality towards Europe and the Middle East as well as providing additional capacity and redundancy towards the connection direction to Hong Kong and Singapore. According to representatives of ISPs, when an undersea cable problem occurs, the network operators must navigate through other fiber optic routes or other directions of the route that is having trouble. Specifically, Viettel has routed and supplemented traffic for TGN-IA, APG routes to Singapore and AAE-1 to France. Meanwhile, CMC Telecom increased capacity via cable direction across Southeast Asia (A-Grid), connecting Internet from Vietnam through Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. VNPT navigates and loads other cable directions that are operating stably such as CSC, AAG, IA, SMW3.

Illustration. Internet source Specifically, on May 11, there was an incident on the S6 segment of the APG (Asia Pacific Gateway) undersea cable line. The system has mobilized ships and started repairing the above incident from June 6 and is expected to be completed tomorrow, June 11; However, during the repair, it disrupts all services to and from Hong Kong – China, so it affects network operators in Vietnam participating in APG project investment. On May 25, the AAE-1 (Asia Africa Europe – 1) cable route had a fiber break on the FP10 pair of the S1H.1 segment (about 2,072 miles from the Cape D’Aguilar landing station, Hong Kong – China. km towards Vung Tau-Vietnam). The incident on this route caused a small part of the service interruption of the domestic carrier in the route to Hong Kong – China. International partners are expected to troubleshoot the S1H.1 segment from June 22 to July 13, 2021. Incidents on two undersea fiber optic cables have a common effect on all network operators and internet service providers in Vietnam. To overcome, on the afternoon of June 10, a representative of Viettel Group said that when a problem occurred, Viettel immediately implemented a routing plan, optimized, and added capacity (including backup capacity) on the network. other undersea cable routes are TGN-IA (towards Hong Kong – China and Singapore) and APG (towards Singapore), AAE-1 (towards France) as well as preparing land cable resources for international connection. to ensure quality service to customers. In case customers have difficulty accessing, please contact Viettel via switchboard 18008119 to find out the exact cause and provide the fastest support. A representative of VNPT said that immediately after the above incident, VNPT carried out load balancing, redirected connections to other undersea cable routes as well as a number of land cables to ensure the quality of services provided to them. customer. “We navigate and load other cable directions that are operating stably such as CSC, AAG, IA, SMW3”, a VNPT representative said. According to CMC Telecom, this unit has also increased capacity through the cable direction across Southeast Asia (A-Grid), connecting the internet from Vietnam to Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore to ensure supply. provide stable service to customers during the incident as well as the process of repairing and overcoming…

Our understanding of Earth’s ocean floor is less than that of Mars. Here, scientists believe that the unusual physical and chemical conditions associated with hydrothermal systems on the seafloor may have created the right environment for the origin of life on Earth. Mysterious Megaplume Scientists discovered large areas of thermal fluid in the ocean above volcanic ridges. These large and powerful hot waters, rich in chemicals, rising from the ocean floor are called megaplume. Their size is really huge, with a volume that can exceed 100 km3, equivalent to 40 million Olympic swimming pools. Although they appear to be related to subterranean mountain eruptions, their origin remains a mystery. In their study, the scientists used a mathematical model to explain the dispersion of volcanic ash across the ocean. Thanks to detailed mapping of a volcanic ash deposit in the Northeast Pacific, scientists know that this ash can spread up to several kilometers from an eruption. This cannot be easily explained by tides or other ocean currents. Instead, the results suggest that these water columns are very energetic. The energy required to drive the flow and carry the ash is surprisingly large, about 1 terawatt (nearly half of the energy needs of the entire United States at a time). The scientists calculated that this would create water columns of similar size as said. They have since produced strong evidence that megaplumes are associated with active seafloor eruptions and that they form very quickly, possibly within hours. So what is the source of heat and chemicals to make this megaplume? The most obvious candidate is of course newly erupting molten lava. At first glance, the scientists’ results seem to support this hypothesis. Accordingly, the formation of megaplume occurs simultaneously with the eruption of lava and volcanic ash. However, when the scientists calculated the amount of lava needed for the megaplume, it was unrealistically high, about 10 times larger than most underground lava flows. The scientists’ best guess is that although the occurrence of megaplumes is linked to undersea eruptions, they are mainly derived from depleted hydrothermal reservoirs present in the ocean. . As the lava directed upward to create undersea eruptions, it may have pushed this liquid hotter than 300 degrees Celsius along. Volcano erupts under the sea. Life in harsh environments In contrast to terrestrial volcanoes, detecting an eruption occurring on the seabed is extremely difficult. Therefore, there is still much for scientists to learn about submarine volcanism and its role in the marine environment. A new study by scientists Sam Pegler and David Ferguson at the University of Leeds (UK) published in the journal Nature Communications has yielded important insights. It’s amazing to find extreme ecophiles (polar biologists) around hydrothermal vents. This discovery expands what we know about life and where it exists. The fluid flow involved in megaplume formation may be the main mechanism in dispersing these microorganisms from their subterranean origin. If this is the case, deep-sea volcanism is an important factor influencing the geography of polar communities. Some scientists believe that the unusual physical and chemical conditions associated with undersea hydrothermal systems may have provided a suitable environment for the origin of life on Earth. Thus, the megaplume may have been involved in this dispersal of life across the ocean. In the absence of other sources of nutrients and light, these types of organisms would have been the first to exist on our planet. They are present because of the heat and chemicals that lava spews up the volcanoes under the sea. Because volcanic ash deposits carried by megaplume appear to be fairly common in the deep sea, the scientists’ study found that the proliferation of life through megaplume dispersal could be widespread. Although it is not yet possible to observe a deep-sea eruption firsthand, efforts are being made to collect data on submarine volcanic events. Most notable is the observatory at Axial Volcano in the Pacific Ocean. This seabed measuring device can transmit data in real time, recording ongoing events. Through such efforts, along with continued mapping and sampling of the ocean floor, the character of volcanism under the oceans is gradually being revealed.

Germany and Norway inaugurated the NordLink undersea cable line. Photo: DW With a total length of 623 km, NordLink is one of the longest undersea cables in the world, connecting the town of Tonstad in southern Norway to the mouth of the Elbe river in northern Germany. This cable route helps to exchange wind and solar energy produced in Germany for hydroelectric power produced in Norway, helping the two countries make up for the shortfall in electricity production due to fluctuations in the amount of wind and sun. The project is expected to help provide electricity for about 3.6 million households, which has been in operation since April, but officially opened on May 27. According to German Chancellor Angela Merkel, the project is really a big step towards a sustainable and future-friendly energy supply for Germany. The project also helps to balance electricity production, which is an important part of the country’s growing efforts to expand renewable energy sources. Thorsten Lenck of the Agora Energy Transition research organization considers the NordLink project an important step in Germany’s energy transition and integration into the European power system. According to the plan, Germany will gradually phase out nuclear power by 2022 and coal power by 2038. Recently, Germany has also set many ambitious targets to reduce CO2 emissions after the Constitutional Court – a court Supreme Court in Germany, ruled that the current climate protection law was “not enough”, demanding an amendment to the law. With ambitious targets, the German government plans to cut emissions by 65% ​​by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, further than the 55% reduction target set earlier. The reduction will then reach 88% by 2040, with the goal of making Germany carbon neutral by 2045, five years earlier than originally planned. For the first time ever, renewables in Germany will account for half of electricity production, compared with 25% less than 10 years ago, data from the Fraunhofer Research Institute shows. Interaction and exchange between different countries is also one of the pillars of the European Union’s climate strategy. To date, a number of cross-border projects have been operating between Norway and the Netherlands; Netherlands and Great Britain; Denmark and the Netherlands.