1. Ba Be district belongs to which province? Bac Ninh
Bac Giang
Bac Kan Ba Be district is located in the northwest of Bac Kan province. The district name is also the name of a famous lake – Ba Be lake, the “heart” of Ba Be National Park, located in this district. Image: Vu Minh Quan . 2. What are the characteristics of Ba Be Lake? Natural freshwater lake formed on limestone karst mountain
The lake area has many rare and diverse species of flora and fauna
All right As a famous tourist destination, Ba Be Lake has many unique features that attract tourists to explore. According to documents of the Department of Cultural Heritage, Ba Be Lake is one of the few large and beautiful natural freshwater lakes in the world formed on limestone karst mountains, with a long and complex geological history. The lake area is rich in biodiversity, with about 1,268 species of higher vascular plants, 470 species of vertebrates, among which there are rare and endemic species. Image: Yenchee07 . 3. Ba Be Lake scenic spot was ranked as a special national relic in which year? 2021
2012
2002 Ba Be Lake not only has a unique geological and geomorphological history with beautiful landscapes, it is also known for its archaeological results showing traces of prehistoric people’s residence from ancient times, along with cultural features. abundance of local people today. With those values, the scenic Ba Be Lake was ranked as a special national monument in 2012. Photo: Kevinly_. 4. Which province has Lak district? Dak Lak
Dak Nong
Gia Lai Lak district belongs to Dak Lak province, located in the southeast of this province. The name of the district is also the name of a famous natural freshwater lake here – Lak lake, with an area of ​​​​more than 500 hectares, according to the documents of the Dak Lak Museum. Image: Hoang Tuan Anh . 5. In what year was Lak Lake ranked as a national scenic spot? two thousand and thirteen
2003
1993 Lak Lake was ranked as a national scenic spot in 1993. The lake has a poetic landscape, surrounded by large mountain ranges covered with primeval forests. Lak Lake is currently one of the most attractive destinations in Dak Lak. Image: Hoang Tuan Anh . 6. What province is Dau Tieng district in? Pacify

Binh Thuan
Binh Duong Dau Tieng district is located in the north of Binh Duong province. There is Dau Tieng lake, which is an irrigation work of over 27,000 hectares, with a capacity of about 1.5 billion m3 of water (however, most of the lake basin is in Duong Minh Chau district, Tay Ninh province). Image: Vi Linh . 7. The mountain in Dau Tieng district, located on Dau Tieng lake, has the famous Thai Son pagoda? Cau Mountain
Mount Ket
Nung Mountain Cau Mountain is located on Dau Tieng Lake, with Thai Son Pagoda halfway up the mountainside, so people also call it Thai Son Nui Cau Pagoda. The pagoda is a famous destination attracting many tourists from all over the world. To the top of Cau mountain, visitors can enjoy the lake view. Image: Rickdesoto . Peaceful scenery at the largest man-made lake in Vietnam About 38 km from Tay Ninh city, Dau Tieng lake is known as a favorite camping spot for many young people. Visitors come here to enjoy the fresh, quiet air.

Climate change is one of the main causes of extinctions worldwide. 5 mass extinctions Dinosaurs became extinct in the Jurassic, more than 200 million years ago. * Ordovician-Silurian Extinction: About 440 million years ago The first mass extinction on Earth occurred at a time when organisms such as corals and shellfish filled the world’s shallow waters but had yet to venture to land. Life itself has begun to spread and diversify, first appearing around 3.7 billion years ago. But about 440 million years ago, a climate change caused sea temperatures to shift, and much of the life in the ocean died out. At the end of the Ordovician, mass glaciations covered the southern supercontinent, Gondwana. According to a study published in the journal Oceanology, glaciation on this scale has stripped away high proportions of the world’s water and dramatically lowered global sea levels, depriving the world of vital habitats. species, destroying the food chain and reducing fertility, according to a study published in the journal Oceanology. However, not all scientists agree with this. According to National Geographic, other theories suggest that the toxic metal may have dissolved into seawater during periods of oxygen depletion, wiping out marine life. Other scientists suggest that a gamma-ray burst from a supernova ripped through a giant hole in the ozone layer, allowing deadly ultraviolet radiation to kill life below. According to APS News, there is a Another theory is that volcanoes are the cause. * Late Devonian Extinction: Over 365 million years ago The Devonian period witnessed the rise and fall of many prehistoric marine species. Although by this time animals had already begun to evolve on land, most of life was swimming through the oceans. Until vascular plants, such as trees and flowers, have the potential to cause a second mass extinction. According to the BBC, as plants develop roots, they inadvertently transform the land they inhabit, turning rocks and rubble into soil. This nutrient-rich soil then runs into the world’s oceans, causing algae to bloom on a massive scale. These blooms essentially created giant “dead zones,” areas where algae take oxygen from the water, suffocating marine life and wreaking havoc on the marine food chain. Species that could not adapt to reduced oxygen levels and lack of food died. However, this theory is still being debated, and some scientists believe that volcanic eruptions are responsible for the drop in oxygen levels in the ocean, according to a study in the journal Geology. A species of sea monster that has been wiped out from the world’s oceans is the 10 m long armored fish called Dunkleosteus . * Permian-Triassic extinction: ~253 million years ago This extinction event is the largest event that has ever occurred on Earth. It wiped out about 90% of all species on the planet and wiped out the reptiles, insects and amphibians that roamed the land. What caused this catastrophic event was a period of rampant volcanism. According to the Sam Noble Museum in Oklahoma, in the ocean, rising levels of carbon dioxide dissolve into the water, poisoning marine organisms and depriving them of their oxygen-rich water. Rising sea temperatures also reduce oxygen levels in the water. Corals are one of the hardest hit groups of marine life – it takes 14 million years for oceanic reefs to rebuild as they once were. * Triassic-Jurassic Extinction: About 201 million years ago The Triassic period was the time when dinosaurs began to inhabit the world. Unfortunately, many volcanoes were also erupting at that time. While it’s still not clear exactly why this fourth mass extinction occurred, scientists suggest that massive volcanic activity occurred in an area of ​​the world now covered by the Atlantic Ocean. cover . Similar to the Permian extinction, volcanoes released huge amounts of carbon dioxide, causing climate change and devastating life on Earth. Global temperatures rise, ice melt, sea levels rise and acidification. As a result, many marine and terrestrial species became extinct; These include large prehistoric crocodiles and several species of flying pterosaurs. All dinosaurs were killed in the fifth mass extinction. Scientists estimate that many species that can fly, burrow or dive into the depths of the ocean survive. For instance, the only true descendants of dinosaurs living today are modern-day birds – more than 10,000 species are thought to have descended from survivors. Is the 6th going? According to The Conversation, scientists define a mass extinction when about three-quarters of species die out in a short geological time, i.e. less than 2.8 million years. Currently, humans are in the early stages of the latest mass extinction, which is happening much faster than any other species. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), since 1970, populations of vertebrate species have decreased by an average of 68% and now more than 35,000 species are considered threatened with extinction. During the 20th century, as many as 543 species of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct, according to a research paper in the journal PNAS. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution in 1760, humans have been a major factor in Earth’s current environmental crisis. From greenhouse gas emissions and ozone depletion to deforestation, plastic piling and the illegal animal trade, humans have been proactively depriving the world of some species and threatening many others. Ecotourism is an industry that drives conservation efforts around the world, but it is on the verge of collapse since global travel restrictions were introduced. Without tourist income, conservationists are having a hard time protecting vulnerable species from poaching, while the COVID-19 pandemic is intensifying. The New York Times reported. Rhinos in Botswana, feral cats in South America and tigers in India have all been targeted in the past year. In the context of the current pandemic, the wildlife market has become the focus of attention for not only being environmentally irresponsible but also potentially endangering human health through infectious diseases. from animals to humans – such as the COVID-19 pandemic. These markets, which trade in live exotic animals or products derived from them, are found all over the world. For example, bear farms in Asia trap 20,000 Asian black bears for bile, leading to a decline in wild populations. Another potential solution to combat extinction could be the cloning of species. In February 2021, scientists revealed they had successfully cloned a black-footed ferret from an animal that died more than 30 years ago. Native to North America, these small mammals were thought to be extinct until a small colony was found in the early 1980s, where they were engaged in breeding and reintroduction programs. across America. The cloning process is similar to that of Dolly the sheep in the early 1990s.

This species is extremely toxic, it prefers to hide in coral reefs, rocks and sandy seabeds from intertidal to intertidal zones in southeastern China and tropical seas. Their bodies contain more than 200 pharmacologically active substances and a single drop of venom can kill 20 adults. To date there have been at least 100 recorded deaths from the venom of this species and the actual number could be much higher. The creature we are talking about here is the Cone Snail, also known as the cone snail, is a marine gastropod mollusk, so far more than 70 species have been found along the coast. along the coast of China and there are more than 1,000 species discovered in the world. Their venom is made up of a mixture called peptide conus. Each of them will have a unique venom formula. More than 50,000 conus peptides have been discovered, they are all neurotoxins and no vertebrate species on our planet possesses this form of venom. The Cone Snail has a mostly cone-shaped appearance and the largest can be 23 cm long. They are purely carnivores and predators, feeding mainly on sea worms, small fish, mollusks and even other cone snails. It can release venom at any time in its life, and this species is always ready to wipe out all living things around it. But surely you will find it difficult to understand because in our impression, snails are very slow-moving mollusks, how can they hunt, especially fast-moving species like fish? In fact, the secret to their hunting is not in their movement speed, instead they hunt by using their venom and developing an extremely efficient venom system. All cone snails are masters of poisons, likened to the five poisons in the animal kingdom. They have a tongue pocket in their throat, which contains many hollow toothed tongues, which resemble spearheads and are made of hard chitin. Because of their slow movement speed, cone snails often hunt by “holding a tree and waiting for rabbits”, which will lie in the sand at the bottom of the water, only revealing their long tubular mouth and tentacles in the sand. Once it detects prey such as a small fish or something passing by, it will use strong muscle contractions to shoot the tongue connected with the venom gland from its long tubular mouth at lightning speed and “close the gap”. nail” into the body, injecting poison into the prey. This venom will paralyze prey within seconds and die instantly. To prevent their prey from struggling, some species of snails have created a toxin that can reduce pain and anesthetize the prey’s nerves, making the prey feel no pain and slowly die without even realizing it. know. When the prey is fixed and no longer struggling, the conch will withdraw the “hook” (toothed tongue), pulling the paralyzed prey into the mouth. It’s worth noting that even when it’s not during mealtimes, if it feels threatened, the conch shells will shoot out without hesitation. So if you see brightly colored and beautiful cones on the beach, don’t stress. It came out by accident. Pick it up, especially the larger cone snails. This behavior can kill you because the conch’s nose can pierce the skin, gloves or wetsuit. Especially among cone snails, there is a species called Gastridium geographus, also known as geographical cone snail, killer snail, they are known as one of the most poisonous snails in the world, and one of the most dangerous snails in the world. marine animals that are extremely toxic to humans. One study estimated that this species alone caused 36 deaths. Symptoms of a snail sting include local pain, swelling, numbness, tingling, and vomiting. Symptoms may appear immediately or slowly over several days. In severe cases, muscle paralysis, vision changes and respiratory failure can lead to death. The various neurotoxins contained in cone snails are called cono toxins. In addition to being toxic to humans, in this venom mixture there are many beneficial substances, which can work accurately and quickly on the human nervous system without causing side effects. Therefore, this snail can also open up a new medical future for humans. For example, cono peptides have the potential to prevent spasticity caused by spinal cord injury and may help diagnose and treat small cell lung cancer. Conotoxins can immediately generate nerve signals that reduce heart rate or turn off pain receptors. Ziconotide isolated from it is used as an analgesic. It is said to be 1000 times more effective than morphine and not addictive. Conotoxin ACV1, isolated from Victoria cone cone in Australia, is more effective than morphine and Ziconotide, has a longer analgesic effect and is convenient to use without side effects. It has been shown to be very effective in the treatment of post-operative and neurological conditions, and even accelerates the recovery of nerve damage, and is expected to be developed as a treatment for anxiety. , Parkinson’s disease, muscle tension and hypertension.

The scientific experiments were led by Leibniz Institute of Animal and Wildlife (Leibniz-IZW) and chaired by Professor Richard A. Holland (Bangor University, UK) and Dr. Gunārs P ē tersons (Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technology). It shows that now the cornea of ​​the eye is the site of an important sense in bat migration. A bat’s directional sense is its eyes. If the cornea is anesthetized, the otherwise reliable sense of orientation will be disturbed while the ability to detect light remains unaffected. The paper was published in the scientific journal Communications Biology. In the bats of one experimental group, the scientists locally anesthetized the cornea with a drop of oxybuprocaine. This surfactant is widely used in ophthalmology, where it is used to temporarily desensitize the cornea when the human or animal eye is over-irritated. However, an effect on orientation has not been noted before. In another experimental group of bats, the team anesthetized the cornea of ​​one eye. Individuals in the control group were not given anesthesia, but were instead given isotonic saline as eye drops. All animals in this scientific experiment were captured in a migratory corridor on the Baltic coast and released individually in the open field 11 km from the place of capture. First, the scientists used bat detectors to ensure that no other bats were in the field at the time of releasing the test animals. The direction of movement of the released bats was observed without knowing how the bats were treated experimentally. Dr. Oliver Lindecke, first author of the paper, explains: “The control group and the anesthetized group with unilateral corneas clearly oriented to the expected south, while the bats with corneas were anesthetized. both sides fly in random directions.” He added: “This clear difference in behavior suggests that corneal anesthesia has disrupted the sense of direction, but orientation seems to still work well with one eye. The corneal treatment wore off after a short time, and the bats were able to continue their journey south after the trial.” To rule out the possibility that an irritated cornea also affects visual sensation and that the scientists could therefore draw erroneous conclusions, they performed an additional test. Again, they examined whether the bats’ response to light changed after anesthetizing the corneas on one or both sides. “We know from previous research that bats prefer a illuminated exit when leaving a simple Y-shaped maze,” explains PD Dr Christian Voigt, head of the Leibniz-IZW Department of Evolutionary Ecology . “In our experiment, animals that were anesthetized either unilaterally or bilaterally also showed this preference; we can therefore rule out that light vision has been altered after corneal treatment. The ability to see light will of course also affect long-distance navigation. ” For instance, many vertebrates such as bats, dolphins, whales, fish and turtles can safely navigate in the dark, whether it’s under the open night sky, when it’s cloudy at night or in caves and tunnels as well as in the depths of the ocean. For decades, scientists have searched for a sense or a sensory organ that enables animals to perform navigational and orientation tasks that seemed unimaginable to humans. Magnetic sensation, so far only demonstrated in certain mammalian species. Experiments show that iron oxide particles in cells can act as “microcompass needles”, as is the case with some species of bacteria. The team’s experiments on Lindecke and Voigt provide for the first time reliable data for determining sensory orientation in migratory, free-migrating mammals. Exactly what a bat’s cornea looks like, how it works, and whether it is a long-sought magnetic sense need to be pointed out in future scientific investigations.

Van Xuong fish. You probably never thought that an animal could live without a head, heart and bones. In fact, this species existed 500 million years ago and exists until today, in addition, they are also considered “cousins” of the ancestors of many vertebrates today. The family of vertebrates is extremely prosperous today, with more than 60,000 members, all of whom have different looks, habits and temperaments, but this “cousin” only has one child left. the only living species, they are named Amphioxus – Van Xuong fish, this species is also considered a living fossil. Although Van Xuong fish is called a fish and at first glance, it is very similar to a fish, but it is not actually a fish. On our planet today, most of the animals that exist are vertebrates, such as horses, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, dogs, cats, tigers, turtles.. Of course, there are us humans as well. What makes this particular “fish” so strange and unlike any other is that they are cephalopods, without a backbone, but still grouped with vertebrates, Chordates live and form the phylum Chordate. Biologists think that Van Xuong fish are animals in the transitional evolutionary stage from invertebrates to vertebrates, today they are considered to be ancestors of fish, but they are completely different. not fish. The skin of Van Xuong fish consists of two main layers: the epidermis (epidermis) on the outside and the dermis (dermis) on the inside. Unlike most vertebrates, their epidermis has only one layer of cells, while the dermis is underdeveloped, mainly composed of glue or elastic connective tissue. There are more than 66,000 animals in the order Phylum Chordata. The most special thing is that vertebrates account for the largest proportion, with more than 66,000 species, the main subphylum is the sea squid, and there are currently about 3,000 known species; and cephalopods, there are only two families of Van Xuong and Asymmetron fish – there are 30 species. In fact, the skeleton of this fish is the rope that runs along the body and back from the tail to the head. In the gill slit region, the skeleton is a network of many horizontal and vertical connecting rods. The fins and tentacles are also supported by the connecting rod. Their central nervous system is a neural tube running along the body, located above the spinal cord but not reaching the end of the spinal cord, wrapped in a protective glue membrane. Although Van Xuong fish looks like a fish, the biggest difference between it and vertebrates is that it does not have a real head, sense organs such as smell, sight and hearing, even a skull or a skull. teeth are also something too fictitious for them. This animal only has a tuft of elastic “legs” on the head that acts as support for the body. The most amazing thing is that it doesn’t even have a heart, instead it relies on the beating of a portion of blood vessels to transport blood. Their musculature is less differentiated and typically segmented. Therefore, the muscles can only guarantee simple bending movements, suitable for the lifestyle buried in the sand. The muscular system consists of many muscle segments (myomera), arranged from the anterior end to the posterior end of the body. The muscle segments are separated by septa of connective tissue (myosepta). The muscle segments on both sides of the body are arranged alternately with comb teeth. As a result, when swimming, the body bends in the horizontal plane. Amphioxus is widely distributed in the shallow waters of the ocean, Qingdao and Xiamen in China are their main habitats. In addition, there are the coasts of Southeast Asia and the coasts of California and Florida, Norway, the Mediterranean and Africa. Due to its rich nutrition and delicious taste, Van Xuong fish is considered a traditional delicacy in Southeast Asia. Van Xuong fish is 3 to 5cm long, very strange shape. The long, flattened body looks almost like a pole. The whole body is pinkish-pink, semi-transparent, the muscle fibers are clearly visible. They have no scales, no fins, no spine, their internal organs are just a rhythmically pulsating complex tube. There are no senses like eyes, nose, ears. There is no decomposition for the gastrointestinal tract. Apart from the mouth and pharynx, the only remaining part of the intestine is the intestine leading to the anus. Van Xuong fish often follow the tide to swim into the estuary where the seabed is shallow, almost defenseless but capable of penetrating the ground. Their lifespan is about 3-4 years, they often bury half of themselves in the sand, while the other half is exposed to receive plankton from the river. Their musculature is less differentiated, so they can only move in the water by simple bending movements. When not moving, they often bury themselves in the sand. The respiration of Van Xuong fish is also similar to other fishes. They vibrate the cilia (the tentacles in the mouth) to bring water from them to the gill slit. The wall of the gill slit has many blood vessels, where gas exchange occurs.