1. When did the earliest models of air conditioners appear? Icon Ancient Egypt Icon Ancient Roman The correct answer is answer A: According to research by archaeologists and historians, the most primitive model of air conditioners appeared from ancient Egypt. To cool the indoor air and avoid the hot and dry desert climate, the ancient Egyptians hung bundles of water-soaked reeds in the windows. When the wind blows through the window, it will bring water vapor into the house. Another way of cooling the ancient Romans was that they surrounded the walls of the house with plumbing, when the water circulated, it would cool the house. Water cooling was also adopted by the medieval Persians. Their system includes wind towers and water tanks that help cool the indoor air. 2. Who came up with the first idea for an air-cooling system? Icon Michael Faraday Icon John Gorrie Icon Benjamin Franklin The correct answer is answer B: Scottish physician John Gorrie (1803-1855) Scottish physician John Gorrie (1803-1855), who gave the first idea of ​​the air-cooling system. Although the model and ideas above were never realized, in 1851, Gorrie was still awarded a patent for a machine that made ice. 3. Who invented the model of air cooling by adding salt to water as it evaporates? Icon Cornelis Drebble Icon Michael Faraday Icon Benjamin Franklin The correct answer is answer A: Beginning with the inventor Cornelis Drebble (1572-1633), he invented a model for cooling the air by adding salt to water as it evaporates. They were introduced to the then king of England, James I, but were not taken seriously. In 1758, the governor of Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin (1785-1788) and Professor of Chemistry John Hadley (1731-1764) at Cambridge University experimented and discovered the principle of reducing heat from evaporation. This was an important invention that laid the foundation for later air conditioners. Both Franklin and Hadley realized that the evaporation of a liquid such as alcohol or ether could lower the temperature of an object below the freezing point of water. Both men successfully experimented with evaporation to reduce the temperature of a mercury thermometer tube from 18 degrees Celsius to minus 14 degrees Celsius. By 1820, the British chemist Michael Faraday (1791-1867) made it. successfully experimented with compression and liquefaction of ammonia gas. During his experiments, he realized that evaporating liquid ammonia could cool the surrounding air, and this was one of the premise for later air conditioners. 4. Who first invented the modern air conditioner? Icon Willis Carrier Icon John Gorrie Icon Benjamin Franklin The correct answer is answer A: In 1902, Willis Carrier (1875-1950) invented a model of the air conditioner while working for the Buffalo Forge mechanical company. Willis Carrier was born in New England state (USA), from a young age, she was smart and bright. After graduating from Cornell University, Mr. Carrier worked in a heat-resistant suit. His research saves the company $40,000 per year. With this invention, Carrier is known as the father of the modern air conditioner model that we are using. However, Carrier’s air conditioning system is very large, noisy, extremely expensive and very dangerous because it uses the toxic chemical ammonia to cool the air. In 1911, Carrier continued to introduce “refrigerant formulations with reasonable humidity ratio”, this method of refrigeration is still used in some areas of the refrigeration industry. 5. Where was the Willis Carrier air conditioning system first used? Icon A movie theater Icon A printing factory Icon On the bus The correct answer is B: Willis Carrier’s air conditioning system is used in a printing factory. This system helps control the temperature and also keeps the humidity in the plant. Carrier’s principle of humidifying the air is quite simple, instead of pushing air through the heating tube, the air flowing through the tube is cooled by liquefied ammonia. 6. In what year was the Carrier-built air conditioning system first installed in a home in Minneapolis? Icon 1913 Icon 1914 Icon 1915 The correct answer is B: In 1914, a Carrier-built air conditioning system was installed for the first time in a house in Minneapolis. This machine is 2.1 meters high, 1.8 meters wide and nearly 7 meters long. But this machine has never been used because no one lives in the house. However, homeowners still have to spend more than 60,000 USD per year to maintain the entire house. 7. When was the first movie theater in the US equipped with air conditioning? Icon 1917 Icon 1918 Icon 1919 The correct answer is answer A: The household air conditioner has a height of 2.1 meters, a width of 1.8 meters and a length of nearly 7 meters. However, it has never been used because no one lives in the house but, the owner is a famous gambler who is rich and spends more than $60,000 annually on maintenance. From 1917 to 1930, the cinema was a place for people to enjoy the air cooled by air conditioning. The first movie theater in the US to be equipped with air conditioning was the New Empire Theater in Montgomery, Alabama in 1917. In that year, the Central Park Theater in Chicago also installed an air-conditioning system, which was enthusiastically received by customers. . Especially on summer days, the air conditioner is even more effective. In 1922, Carrier continued to make two breakthroughs in air conditioning. The first is that he replaces the toxic condenser ammonia with another, safer compound, dielene (dichlorethylene). 8. In 1969, the cooling system was fitted in Neil Armstrong’s spacesuit when performing a Moon walk, is it true or false? Icon It’s correct Icon Wrong The correct answer is answer A: In 1969, a cooling system was fitted in the spacesuits of Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to combat the conditions in space. These two astronauts wore them while on the Moon walk. Result Please work harder! point

Illustration The case involved a YouTuber who had a confrontation with the sheriff’s deputy in Pierce County. After the incident, he filed a Public Records Act request for names, dates of birth, photos, and other information to all deputies and subsequent employees. Often, many of these records are not made public to protect law enforcement from harassment, retaliation, and potential identity theft. However, there is still an exception. Members as “news media,” as defined in state law, may receive records. Although based on media interests, the press is generally opposed to making employees’ birthdays private to anyone. But lawmakers have given the press privileged access, because they believe professional journalists can be trusted to use personal information responsibly. The press becomes the backbone of the public. Illustration For example, a news organization may need a date of birth and a photo to check an official’s past employment in connection with a certain scandal or to verify that a law enforcement officer is acting illegally. . In this, the YouTuber claims he is an “investigative journalist” who is considered a member of the news media based on his YouTube channel called “Libertys Champion”. The relevant authorities disagreed, and the case was referred to the Supreme Court. There, the majority was against him becoming a member of the news media. The court’s analysis focused mainly on the fact that he worked alone, not as a member of a newsroom. The nature of news and journalism is evolving rapidly. There are famous people who have added the label “Press – Press” when attending and participating in protests. People use Twitter to announce what’s happening at local government hearings. Others run reporting websites on focused topics, such as the helpful Seattle Insight City Council. Illustration The Legislature has tried to draw a line when it comes to being repeatedly blurred between YouTubers performing personally or Tweeters howling at perceived injustice. Back then, traditional newspapers and television news organizations had been the mainstay of a vibrant, free local press for decades. However, clarifying this distinction has always been difficult. Most people would trust a trained plumber to fix a leaky pipe that flooded their basement, rather than someone who just had a wrench and said he knew the pipes. Wrench doesn’t make a plumber, and Social Media doesn’t make a journalist. Members of the press are trained and adhere to journalistic ethics and standards. The YouTuber in this case will have a hard time convincing any unfriendly reader that he’s a real journalist. But besides that, there are also a lot of serious journalists today who don’t work for any newsroom.

Sil Pop’s coffee garden applies economical irrigation to reduce costs. Photo: D.L. Garden improvement techniques Sil Pop (36 years old), a J’rai ethnic in Yo 2 village, Ia Ka commune (Chu Pah district, Gia Lai) has a 3-hectare coffee garden in his home garden. He said, this coffee garden family has been nearly twenty years. Initially, the coffee garden was green and had a high harvest due to the new land, moreover the price of coffee at that time was good, so he and many other households boldly invested in the garden. However, for a long time, the orchards have deteriorated due to improper care, the initial selection of varieties is not good, and the price of coffee has continuously plummeted, so there is no money to invest in the garden. “For several years, watching the coffee garden gradually degraded, yielding low, the price dropped to the bottom, my family was sad,” said Sil Pop. In 2018, Sil Pop decided to bring his coffee garden to participate in Ia Mo Nong Agricultural Production – Trade – Service – Tourism Cooperative (Cooperative). By 2019, the VnSAT project will install the sprinkler irrigation system at the root, Sil Pop is the first out of a total of nearly 200 ethnic minority households to participate in the installation of this system. Spending 43,592,000 VND (50% of the project’s counterpart), he bought plumbing, valves, pumps, digging wells… for the sprinkler irrigation system. Under each coffee tree is a water pipe about 40cm above the ground. From here, every time you water, just turn on the switch and the system will bring water to each coffee tree. Sil Pop said: For the first time, just open the power bridge, water for about 5-6 hours is enough. After 10 days of watering again the second phase, just 2 hours is enough water for coffee plants. Depending on the weather each year, watering more or less. “Since the installation of the sprinkler irrigation system, taking care of the coffee garden is very easy. Just open the bridge and then… go play, when it’s time to turn off the bridge, the job is done. It’s not like before, you have to bend your back and drag the water pipe to every coffee tree,” said Sil Pop. According to Sil Pop, since applying the sprinkler irrigation system to the root, his family’s garden quickly turned green again, as if there was a “miracle”. Sil Pop next to a lush coffee garden, thanks to the application of sprinkler irrigation technology. Photo: TA Outstanding efficiency Mr. Le Van Thanh, Director of the cooperative said: The application of sprinkler irrigation technology at the root has brought great efficiency to the coffee garden. According to Mr. Thanh, applying this irrigation technology has saved a lot in the process of investment and care for the garden. The first is to save labor: If before, it would take a lot of time to pull pipes to irrigate each tree, unlike now, just open the bridge and finish; In the process of watering, farmers can take advantage of making branches or doing other jobs. Applying this irrigation technology has also saved up to 50% of water according to the previous irrigation method, because the water goes to the root without evaporating or spilling to other places like traditional irrigation. If before, each watering required 450-500 liters of water for each coffee tree, now only half is enough. The amount of fertilizer is also significantly saved because the fertilizer is quantified, put into the water system to bring to each tree, avoiding the case of a lot of roots, less fertilizer, or scattered fertilizer throughout the garden. Then save electricity, save health… “If this system is not installed, this year’s coffee garden will probably be left to die due to a serious lack of water this year,” Sil Pop said. Saving is like that, but the effect brought is a big surprise. According to Sil Pop, in addition to saving labor and investment costs, applying this irrigation technology has significantly improved the quality of orchards: The fruit is larger, stronger and stronger, the yield is superior to the old farming method. . After the first year of applying sprinkler irrigation technology at the root, his garden harvested over 5 tons of kernels/ha. “This crop will probably yield five and a half to six tons per hectare,” Sil Pop said happily. In the harsh climatic conditions, many gardens do not dare to boldly apply science and technology, so the productivity is reduced, Sil Pop’s coffee garden is indeed a model worth learning. Commenting on Sil Pop’s orchard, Mr. Thanh said: “Sil Pop is the member household with the most methodical investment in the coffee garden. Thanks to this right investment, every year, his family’s orchard leads in both yield and quality of fruit. For many years in a row, Sil Pop has been recognized as a good farmer.” According to Mr. Thanh, it was difficult at first to mobilize ethnic minority households to apply this irrigation technology, because people had to “see and then believe”. Since seeing Sil Pop’s application and being effective, many member households who are ethnic minorities have voluntarily followed, bringing positive effects to the orchard. “Sil Pop deserves to be a pioneer in the movement of applying technology to agricultural production of the people of Yo 2 village,” Thanh affirmed. Ia Mo Nong Agricultural Production – Trade – Service – Tourism Cooperative has over 500 member households, with over 700 hectares of coffee. In which, about 190 member households are ethnic minorities. Thanks to learning Sil Pop’s method, up to now, the coffee garden of the people has improved significantly in quality and productivity, which is superior to the backward traditional farming method.

Last spring, while consumers were concerned about how to clean themselves after defecating, scientists discovered that people infected with the Covid-19 virus shed the virus’s genetic material in their feces. surname. The waste treatment system for more than 100 years is too old In fact, toilet systems play a part in maintaining public health. However, the core technology in the toilet system has existed for more than 100 years, when humanity has not faced the current challenges. On top of that, many parts and equipment in the ground are reaching their lifespan and starting to fail due to lack of investment in maintenance. This year, the American Association of Civil Engineers scored D + for the country’s wastewater treatment infrastructure. Accordingly, there is too much waste around, this creates a potential danger to public health and the environment. The waste treatment system for more than 100 years is too old. Illustration. According to the Wired , evidence of the deteriorating waste disposal system existing around human habitats. While considered a flawed design, combined sewer systems are still prevalent in many older cities. Sewage water overflows when it rains, releasing potential pathogens into the waterways; Waste, nutrients, chemicals and pharmaceuticals get into the sewer system. Degraded septic tanks pollute the soil and groundwater. Wet wipes and other types of waste have tended to increase sharply since the outbreak of a pandemic, causing heavy congestion that keeps wastewater from flowing. Natural disasters caused by climate change overwhelm drainage systems. During the past year, massive floods from Tennessee to Australia left people inundated with polluted wastewater. In August, a series of power outages during a massive heatwave in California caused a wastewater treatment plant to dump nearly 189,270 liters of raw and partially treated wastewater into the mouth of the Oakland River. In February 2021, Texas weather continued to be cold, people could not bathe and heat for many days; a hospital truck dumped water just to flush the toilet. Prisoners endured the filthy days of prisons in Texas. Serious health effects Conventional wastewater treatment systems are not only degraded, but are also in short supply. More than half of the world’s population is not equipped with safe toilets to dispose of waste. According to the statistics of US Water Alliance It is estimated that 2 million Americans do not have complete plumbing, directly affecting health causing skin diseases such as rashes, intestinal diseases such as diarrhea, hookworm … and many difficulties. another towel. Ms. Pamela Rush, an activist from the Alabama countryside, shared her story about daily living next to the raw wastewater dumps, like many other poor people in America, mostly leather. black. These people are sometimes fined and criminally prosecuted for not being able to pay the costs of a septic tank or maintenance. Not being equipped with complete plumbing can directly cause skin diseases such as a rash. Illustration. More tragic, Ms. Pamela also became one of the victims of the Covid-19 pandemic. “The main cause of death was the corona virus, but the underlying causes she suffered were poverty, habitat inequality, climate change, racism and disparity. about health, “said Catherine Coleman Flowers, environmental equity activist. Catherine is also a friend of Ms. Pamela. For people who don’t have their own toilets, closing orders make public toilets harder to find than usual. This problem affects homeless people, people with intestinal disorders and other diseases. In some slums in developing cities, shared toilets are often open, but the order of social exclusion unintentionally makes matters more difficult than ever. Not only is wastewater treatment infrastructure deteriorating or facing many risks, so is the workforce. In the US, this sector is facing a wave of retirement, even seen as the “silver tsunami”. When the pandemic first started, some wastewater treatment industries feared losing old workers that were difficult to replace and important because of illness or worse. They have closed facilities with workers working week-long shifts so that the virus cannot enter. In India, sewer cleaners petitioned the government for simple personal protective equipment so they could keep working. Solution According to the Wired , to solve the problem of waste, the rebuilding of infrastructure is not enough, but it is necessary to apply many new innovations, encouraging the application of new methods. This helps the toilet system work better, ensures safety for human health, is more durable and reasonable. In order to do this, the state and local governments need to have enough funds and new public works policies to create incentives for improvement. Then, in places with stable centralized infrastructure, cities can use both new and established tools to mine wastewater for heat, water, nutrients, chemicals, and metals. valuable, as well as biogas and other fuels. Digital sensors help smarter sewage treatment systems using pipes and reduce spills. The new setup can push used toilet paper out of the wastewater stream before being processed and recycled into cellulose. This substance is a raw material that can be widely used, even used for industrial chemicals. With the right tools, even large chunks of trash that clog drains can turn into biofuel thanks to the greasy layers inside. Besides, there are many new and more radical inventions for the pipeline. Scattered distribution systems for toilet waste and water reuse in buildings or communities are rapidly developing. Businesses, cleaning services by container trucks provide regular cleaning services. A row of public toilets in South Africa. Photo: Alamy Stock Photo. “Urine divert” toilets help separate high-nutrient, low-pathogens from feces and water. They function more like recycling bins than trash cans. These innovations are more relevant in harsh contexts and are better resilient to serious consequences. They minimize the impact on the climate, cause less pollution and produce resources such as clean water, compost, fuel, even insect protein. They can generate revenue streams and provide safe, well-paid, and well-paid jobs that attract young people who are environmentally conscious and work diverse. Many of the above ideas are in beta. To turn these ideas into practice on a larger scale, more investment and supportive policies from the state are needed, attracting people who are willing to overcome difficulties to apply innovative technologies early. toilet system. In addition, there are other innovations such as treatment of the genetic waste corona virus in human feces. Scientists around the world have been analyzing wastewater and providing feedback to public health professionals and policymakers on outbreaks, new trends and the impact of regulations. rules and restrictions. The innovators are also experimenting with new ideas for public toilets, making them more popular with everyone. In Pune, India, the idea of ​​building a reusable bus women’s public toilets, plus a boutique and small coffee shop, helps to reduce the cost of using a toilet. Some cities have implemented or are considering paying a small fee for cafes, restaurants and businesses to provide public toilets. Instead, businesses are advertised for free and are seen as implementing a public service. The Covid-19 pandemic showed a deeper insight into the toilet waste treatment system: This is not only technology but also a human prerogative. According to the Wired Investing in a drainage system not only helps to upgrade old systems and expand the quality of sanitation and safety for everyone, but also avoids further damage caused by disease outbreaks and environmental disasters. Future.

Leave furniture right on the carpet, do not follow the rules The interior designers pointed out a solution to arrange furniture on the carpet: Place furniture right on the carpet, about 12-18 inches from the edge of the carpet.
Only place part of the furniture on a carpet such as an armchair or a table. With such a little creativity, you can make your furnishings look more harmonious. Select household appliances before designing the kitchen When designing a kitchen, choosing your home appliance first is a great idea. Place them in the right place and then design your kitchen interior. The large bathroom is not divided into areas When having a large bathroom, homeowners often place furniture and plumbing systems along the wall. This often makes the space much narrower. In this case, interior designers often encourage dividing the room into small areas. You can use glass walls, partitions …, divide the room into 2 or 3 parts including the laundry area, the toilet area and the bath area. The room lacks accents Usually, the television can become the center of the room. But the designers discourage this. If your friends or family come to visit, you’ll be sitting right in front of the TV screen. This makes your conversation no longer quality. But if you still want to put the TV set in the center of the room, set the sofa and armchair in half a circle. Place messy things If you have two equally tall cabinets, put one in the left corner and the other in the right corner, they will balance each other. Don’t put them right next to each other, they will make the room look cluttered and cramped. Tables and chairs take up a lot of kitchen area The dining table is one of the worst solutions to a small kitchen. But in some cases, it is more effective to use a bench or an unrestrained chair in place of an armchair and an armchair. Unrestrained chairs can be placed under the table, making the room more spacious./.

The interior designers pointed out a solution to arrange furniture on the carpet: – Place furniture right on the carpet, about 12-18 inches from the edge of the carpet. – Only place part of the furniture on a carpet such as an armchair or a table. With such a little creativity, you can make your furnishings look more harmonious. 2. Select home appliances before designing the kitchen When designing a kitchen, choosing your home appliance first is a great idea. Place them in the right place and then design your kitchen interior. 3. Large bathrooms are not divided into zones When having a large bathroom, homeowners often place furniture and plumbing systems along the wall. This often makes the space much narrower. In this case, interior designers often encourage dividing the room into small areas. You can use glass walls, partitions …, divide the room into 2 or 3 parts including the laundry area, the toilet area and the bath area. 4. The room lacks accents Usually, the television can become the center of the room. But the designers discourage this. If your friends or family come to visit, you’ll be sitting right in front of the TV screen. This makes your conversation no longer quality. But if you still want to put the TV set in the center of the room, set the sofa and armchair in half a circle. 5. Items with the same height should be placed next to each other If you have two equally tall cabinets, put one in the left corner and the other in the right corner, they will balance each other. Don’t put them right next to each other, they will make the room look cluttered and cramped. 6. Kitchen tables and chairs take up too much space The dining table is one of the worst solutions to a small kitchen. But in some cases, it is more effective to use a bench or an unrestrained chair in place of an armchair and an armchair. Unrestrained chairs can be placed under the table, making the room more spacious./.

A pair of water hyacinths 1.86m high has been made by Mr. Nguyen Van Dai Duong for more than 4 years. Photo: NGUYEN TRANG Mr. Duong said: “The idea of ​​making water hyacinth from cans of water since 2012 and I started collecting cans throughout 2014 to obtain a large amount”. After collecting, Mr. Duong washed and coated the cans with a shade to keep them for a long time. By 2015, Mr. Duong started to design a hyacinth, he used thin aluminum wire to knit, connect to form the frame of the water hyacinth. After that, he continued to use water pipes with a diameter of 20cm to be inserted inside to keep the water hyacinth standing upright. He used a smaller water pipe 17-18cm in diameter inside the original large pipe, the purpose of which can pour water and flower arrangements. All steps on the frame, the inner structure is complete, Mr. Duong continues to make the more difficult process of connecting the cans together and the boss overlaps in succession. “I used yellow spandex and cut thin enough to pass through the hole in the can. Use at least 10m of fabric to connect 10 million pieces of cans for each water hyacinth ”. According to Mr. Duong, the hyacinth base, knotted areas are the most difficult. He had to be skillful so that the water hyacinth wouldn’t lose its symmetry when it was placed from the bottom up. He had to remove and install it many times to make the base of the water hyacinth. Mr. Duong also made a tea kettle made of colorful cans. He said, in the near future, he plans to make more products from cans. >> Some pictures of a pair of water hyacinths made from a bottle of cans. Photo: NGUYEN TRANG The pair of water hyacinths is made from a box of 1.86m high All are connected by yellow elastic fabric between the holes Mr. Duong has done many times to make the bars straight and even The cans are joined by yellow spandex. Mr. Duong also made a teapot made of a variety of colorful cans The cans arrange colors according to a predefined layout

Even when you are not using it, appliances in your home are still silently consuming energy. You can save up to 35% on your monthly electricity bill by simply turning off and unplugging unused electrical equipment. 2 / Replace light bulbs with energy-saving ones Energy-saving bulbs, such as compact fluorescent lamps and LEDs, use up to 80% less energy than traditional incandescent bulbs and last up to 25 times longer. Although fluorescent lighting may not suit everyone’s taste, there are more and more light bulb options on the market, suitable for most indoor spaces. 3 / Selection of energy-saving equipment By choosing electronics – refrigeration appliances with an energy rating of 3.5 stars or higher and a 4-star water-saving rating on washing machines and dishwashers, you can both save money and save money at the same time. environmental protection. Front load washers use about 50% less water and consume only half the energy of top load washers. 4 / Find and immediately seal leaks You should check your plumbing and faucets at least once a year, especially in the kitchen, bathroom, and toilet. A leaky toilet can waste up to 700 liters of water a day and can easily be missed if you don’t systematically check. 5 / Install motion sensor By installing an external motion sensor, you will avoid having to enter the house in the dark when you come home late, but also without having to leave the lights on before the day. The sensor and timer functions mean you’ll never have to remember to turn the lights on or off again. 6 / Change the shower head in the bathroom Replacing a regular showerhead with a water-efficient one can save you up to 20 liters per minute. Contrary to popular belief, low flow doesn’t mean low water pressure; New showerhead models use air to increase water pressure while still allowing you to conserve water and energy. This is a great option for tenants as you can invest in a quality water-saving shower to use during the rental period, then bring it with you when you move to another rental location./ .