Author: The Wizard of Oz, Editor: Xu Dewen On June 11, a herder dug a few transparent stones in a village in South Africa. People were rumored to be diamonds. One “drill” caused a thousand waves of waves. Thousands of people from all over South Africa flocked to find the ground. dream. South Africa has had a high unemployment rate for a long time, and the new crown epidemic has made the situation worse. If you can dig diamonds, you can get rich overnight. You have to know the current global price of natural diamonds, 1 carat (one carat equals 0.2 grams) is around US$8,000. If you can dig real diamonds, in the poor area of South Africa , You can lie flat and live for half a lifetime. However, on the 21st, South African officials announced that after testing, the stones found there were quartz stones, not diamonds. The price of quartz stone is much lower than that of diamond. According to the color, purity, size and uniqueness of quartz stone, the purchase price of local quartz stone in South Africa is 300 to 600 rand/kg (approximately 136 to 273 yuan/kg ). Calculated on this basis, the stones that people dug are not worth much, not even the cost of pommel horses. After all the hard work, I definitely dug a big loneliness! So what is the difference between diamond and quartz stone? Is it difficult to distinguish between the two? In fact, it is not difficult at all. The difference between these two minerals is very obvious, but people who are fascinated don’t want to believe it. Now I will talk about two absolutely simple methods that can distinguish between diamonds and quartz in one second. Be sure to keep them in mind. If you don’t remember them, you’d better save this article for future reference. First of all, the hardness of the two is different, and it can be identified by just a stroke. The hardness of diamond is 10, so-called “never wear”, and the hardness of quartz is 7. Diamonds can easily make traces on quartz, and if you use quartz to scratch a diamond, it is estimated that it will damage yourself by 800, and damage the enemy without a single hair. If it is used to scratch the glass at the same time, diamonds can easily leave marks on the glass and crack with one blow; quartz is not, because quartz and glass are actually the same chemical substance: silicon dioxide. So the first trick is to scratch the glass. Diamonds can be scratched and quartz cannot be scratched; or the two can be scratched each other. You don’t have to worry about the precious diamond being scratched. Secondly, the gloss is different, and you can see the clues at a slight turn. Among all natural gemstones, the dispersion of diamonds is relatively strong (the dispersion value is 0.044). The so-called dispersion is that the refractive index of light changes with different frequencies. The dispersion value of diamonds can make the diamond emit colorful light. In jargon, The brilliance of diamonds is also called “fire color”. If you turn the diamond, you will find that the brilliant light on the diamond can change quickly, flicker, and be unusually charming. This phenomenon is also called the “flicker” of the diamond. Quartz stone, even the most crystallized quartz stone, that is, crystal, has a dispersion value of only 0.013, which is much lower than that of diamonds. No matter how light is irradiated, the magical light of diamonds will not appear. So the second trick is to turn, one second to appraise the treasure: diamonds are dazzling, squandering and fascinating; of course, the more annoying the more you look, it is the quartz. In addition, diamond and quartz are produced in different ways. The production of natural diamonds requires extremely harsh conditions. The pressure required for the formation of gem-grade diamonds is generally 4.5 to 6.0 Gpa, and the temperature is about 1000 to 1500 degrees Celsius. In the past, only about 160km deep in the mantle could meet this condition, and only a few diamonds could reach the ground after the later volcanic activity. Quartzite is the process of magma intrusive evolution. Due to changes in temperature, pressure and other conditions, the hydrothermal fluids rich in SiO2 are separated into bedding and fissures into the surrounding rock metamorphic rock series, or along the previous stage. The contact fracture zone of magmatic rock invaded, forming vein-like quartzite ore body. Quartzite is widely distributed on the surface, convenient for mining, easy to process, low cost, and it is a very cost-effective stone product. It is worth mentioning that although diamonds are very expensive, they are not a non-renewable resource, especially now that the output of synthetic diamonds is far higher than that of natural diamonds. In 2017, China alone had 25 billion carats, or 5,000 tons, accounting for 90% of the global total, far exceeding natural diamonds. Of course, most of these were diamonds for industrial production. But technically speaking, it is not impossible for diamonds to sell for quartz prices in the future. Finally, they disappear in different ways. In the natural state, both can exist for a long time, or how to say “a diamond is forever, a diamond will be passed on forever”. The disappearance mentioned here is a change in different states, such as heating. When the temperature is around 1700 degrees, the quartz will melt and become a molten slurry. The essence of quartz is silicon dioxide, which cannot burn in the air, and only changes physically when heated. But diamond is different. Although the melting point of diamond is as high as 4000 degrees, it is in an oxygen-free state. If it is in the air, the diamond will begin to oxidize at 650 degrees, showing a black burn mark on the surface, which is a manifestation of carbonization, because the essence of diamond is carbon element. When heated, the diamond will first emit red light and then turn white light. High temperature can cause a chemical reaction between the diamond surface and oxygen, converting carbon into colorless and odorless carbon dioxide. There was a fire in someone’s house. Although the disaster was not serious, the diamonds worth hundreds of thousands of dollars in the house disappeared, thinking that they had been stolen. So here to remind everyone, when wearing diamonds, be careful to stay away from the source of fire, and don’t be too indulged in the marketing gimmick of “diamonds are forever, and one is forever”. Maybe the ring is inlaid with an ordinary quartz stone. , More to witness the eternity of your love. Ordinary is happiness, ordinary is true love. What can be more ordinary than a stone? In the future, if you make a courtship or marry you, carry the stone below and send it over. People with culture and knowledge will understand your affection. The code word is not easy, everyone, can you just like it and leave? Welcome to leave your great comments. 11. A Brief History of the Universe: Life’s Lowest Café
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