“Cool house” in the past is a noun, indicating a house or a hut to sit and wait in the manor’s house, regardless of whether in the garden of the popular or the palace of the noble, can be done.
Over time, the more crowded the land, the cooler the house gradually became the word indicating state. Building a cool house is increasingly difficult, even though the country has been so hot for thousands of years, the experience of his father is always there, but in reality, there are still many struggles in the new era. From the perspective of the behavioral culture of the Vietnamese people in Vietnam, there are many interesting ways to suggest effective and sustainable home cooling solutions. Exploiting the buffer space combined with the alternating natural space is an effective way to block the sun, reduce heat but not excessively. In words, “cool” is already a state … in the middle, not pure yin (cold) or pure yang (hot). For a long time, Vietnamese culture has an ambiguous characteristic of two countries, suspended in the middle, more or less because the behavior has to be frequently changed in order to exist. In the hot summer, coming to the porch, falling and splashing the clear water, the winter rains poured into the corner of the kitchen, the spring is closed and fluttering … from the house to the alley, he sees his father marked many interesting solutions, reasons. due to intimacy and practicality. Reduce dividers, do not overdo it Ever heard of a little challenge with people working in construction and architecture: how to block a room in a traditional Vietnamese house? From the fold of the Northern house with three compartments and two wings to the roof of Binh Dinh, down to the southern nail-shaped house or up to the Tay Nguyen long-house, most of the folk house space in hot, humid and rainy climates is continuous. , less dividers for better ventilation and air convection. Yet in the period of three or four dots, there were still private buildings, like boxes, and finished taking natural light by opening the lid on the roof on the extremely dazzling roof, or covering the outside with cotton tiles to in glazing is called “contemporary tropical”. If we talk about inheriting traditional values and experiences of feng shui from the past, the new era house poses many problems to be reconsidered. His father always pays attention to the sunlight and the air, so when choosing a house, it is not only “wind and water” but the balance of sunlight (positive light) when receiving radiation and releasing heat. . If there is a lack of yin and yang, the interior will always suffer from heavy yin and yang, but the excess of yin and yang will not withstand during high sunny hours and hot weather. So the sustainable solution of a traditional house is to open and close at the same time, not suspended, but flexible depending on the time. Depending on the direction of the house and the function, using the glass array can be a “heat trap” to heat the air inside, so it should be handled properly. The current layout of townhouses, if placing the bedrooms in the middle without a well, will form a long narrow corridor, prosperous, so always have to turn on the lights all day. And the layout of completely cutting the tube house into independent blocks with the middle yard separates the internal air, the sun is shining down and the wall surface in the yard reflects back and forth radiation, making the house hot, too yang. prosperous. In Europe or North America, the number of sunny days in the year is quite small, so people often open wide frames. Any house with a sun terrace, an attic is attractive, in the form of “conditional” to enjoy the sun. As for Vietnam’s climate, which is inherently sunny and harsh, hot, as in scientific and statistical studies: the southern part of our country has more than 11 hours of sunshine a day, the rate of direct opening on the outside wall. should not exceed 25%, and if the glass door is not prevented from solar radiation by proper technical solution, it will be a form of “heat trap” that heats the interior air and prevents the internal heat from escaping. . Therefore, the flexible opening and closing behavior, not preventing excessive division, spreading indirect light, gently, is the way to cool the house in harmony with the yin and yang. Specifically, it is manifested through the following identifiers: – Use an outstretched roof to create a veranda or an oblique sunshade, which can be combined with a slide that opens and closes depending on the season, depending on sunny hours of the day. – Use a lightning door (or a wood that can adjust the light slot) to filter radiation and create successive layers called “wind traps” very effectively. – Use natural materials with porous, dark color to easily dissipate heat as well as not reflect glare. From that, it is easy to see that if building a block-style house in the West, the glass array is expanded, then you have to pull curtains to cover up, decorate tiles without consideration, use a bar without considering the specific direction … it will be creative. image is more than the actual use. Some newly built apartments outside are mainly made of aluminum and glass, which accounts for a high proportion. When you go inside, you can see very bright sunlight and it is difficult to decorate the interior because the doors are too open. On the other hand, most of the glass doors of the apartment building are less able to open because the wind is strong, the rain falls a lot, so it is very overwhelming in the house and always have to turn on the air conditioner. Look at the sun and wind, looking at the trees No matter how cube creation is, the organization of sustainable architectural space is all from the basic principles of climate. Tropical houses receive 3 related components of heat radiation through light, which are direct reflection, scattered light of the sky, and light reflected from the ground – impacted by neighboring buildings. In urban circumstances with high concretion density, the sunlight entering the house will be accompanied by smoke, heat, and noise. In the hot and humid tropical country, it is necessary to prioritize the house to rotate the door to get the sun and to welcome the wind to the south, southeast and east (with good sunlight from morning to near noon). If it meets the direction from the southwest, west to the northwest, that is, the directions with strong sunlight, bringing with them intense radiation and the angle of the lower sun, radiation intensity must be minimized through the system of curtains and wall flowers , shading bar, but not able to solidify because still need ventilation and ventilation, creating air convection. A house with direct sunlight is so strong that the sun is too strong, like an apartment on a high floor, it is impossible to open the door like a small house on the ground floor, because the overhead light has nothing to cover. less (green trees, neighboring houses) will be more intense. The solution of using trees, screens, thick curtains … will be effective in regulating the intensity of light in the room, but still need the homeowner to decide whether he or she is “sun-loving” or not. And the stage of choosing the original direction decides more than 50% of the apartment’s properties, the rest is the solution of the user. Back to opening big skylights in the townhouses, everyone knows that the sun is still in more than the house lacks direct light and ventilation, but it is also necessary to quantify this factor. Opening the courtyard, large sky-wells even cause overhanging solar energy, it’s always dazzling indoors all the time (especially during the peak of the dry season and midday). It is best to combine skylights with horizontal and vertical traffic axes such as stairs, corridors, floors) and can arrange a system of adjustable rafters above, or place green trees like hanging gardens, climbing trusses … to reduce direct radiation to the rooms. Inheriting the traditional house spirit does not mean copying the original, because the architecture, materials, way of life in each time, each region are different. Besides, the scavenging of houses from one place to another will become formal imposition (for example, the form of a bare brick house in Latin America, a minimalist concrete box house in Japan, or a house like a picturesque resort. bamboo in Bali, Indonesia) when “entering” urban conditions in Vietnam need to change and consider accordingly. Recently, many scholars and researchers have begun to recognize and reevaluate that modern architecture in southern Vietnam in the mid-twentieth century affirms its position very clearly, practically and effectively. Not only public works such as the General Library, the Independence Palace, the Medical University … but the private housing system in the 60-70s had ways to organize the climate in harmony. tropical, using local materials, the solution of using bar, block, roof, porch … is very rich and flexible, a source of living materials worth reference (**). The concept of a house that is cool, harmonious with yin and yang in the tropics needs to integrate many solutions. Cool not only green and shade of trees, but the core of architectural and landscape solutions must be stable, economical, harmonious with practical benefits, while creating peace of mind and comfort. in the process of accommodation for the homeowner. Posts: MSc-Architect Ha Anh Tuan – Image: Khanh Phuong ________________
Vietnam’s climate architecture solutions, Dr. Pham Duc Nguyen, Architect Tran Quoc Bao
Outrageous
Tropic
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