For whom the computer is born

Source/manufacturing world (ID: baixiu01) Author/Zhang Buqi Computers were born for business computing. 1 of course, You can also say that computers were born for military industry .Because it is now recognized as the first in history electronic calculator ENIAC was born at the University of Pennsylvania in February 1946. It was developed by the U.S. military’s weapons testing ground for ballistic calculations.This computer weighs 28 tons and costs US$487,000, but its computing speed is “per second 5000 times Addition operation or 400 multiplications “. Speaking of The origin of computer and military industry There is also such a story. It is said that when our country was developing the atomic bomb, the data provided by a Soviet expert became a theoretical obstacle. The scientists did nine calculations in a year and still failed to match the Soviet experts. Data, until 1961, the Beijing 738 Factory developed A state-of-the-art computer at the time Only then did they use computer calculation results to prove the mistakes of Soviet experts. In short, the earliest computers were related to military industry.The shift from military-oriented to civilian-oriented, a landmark event was that in 1964, IBM developed the world’s first one. Built with integrated circuits computer. It was named IBM360, which means a circle of 360 degrees and can be used in all walks of life in all directions. In 1970, a young scientist from Intel Corporation, Ted Hoff, presided over the design of the world’s first microprocessor (Intel 4004).Although the microprocessor at the time was not designed for computers, but for Japanese calculators, this did not hinder Intel’s microprocessor 11 years later, in 1981, appeared in the history of IBM’s production On the first “personal computer” . On August 12, 1981, IBM demonstrated a small computer in the conference hall of the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in Manhattan, New York. I BM company named its new product IBMPC (PersonalComputer, which is “ personal computer “). Although several companies have been making similar products before IBM, IBM has quickly become the dominant player in the personal computer industry because of IBM’s corporate strength and the high cost-effectiveness of this product. The personal computers (PCs) we use today are all derived from the IBM PC. IBM PC changed an era, let the computer’s service objects, From the main business oriented, expanded to the family and individual. 2 The emergence of computers has had a huge impact on human society, and it cannot be overstated. It not only changed people’s way of life, but also changed the way of human production, and drove and destroyed various technological advances. Farther away , The industrial revolution of mankind was triggered by the steam engine. What is the steam engine? Is motivation. It can be said, The entire modern industrial system is built on the engine . What is a computer? The computer is also a motivation.Computer is computing power . Whether it is AI, 5G, industrial Internet, informatization, or digitization, they are all run by computing power provided by computers. After leaving the computer, they are just some “algorithms”, just illusory “clouds”. The so-called cloud now, Cloud computing is just an algorithm .By the way, now Enterprise Cloud It is a big hit. There is nothing wrong with this. Intelligent manufacturing is a direction for enterprise transformation and upgrading. Just as the Industrial Revolution eliminated hand-crafted workshops, smart manufacturing will certainly eliminate the traditional Ford assembly-line factories that have lasted for more than 100 years in the near future. In short, the computer is the most important, but it is the cornerstone of the entire information society. 3 Present The factory is always full of countless computers . The so-called ordinary people don’t know what they use every day, and we usually visit companies, or if you are not a technician in a factory, you would not notice their existence. But in fact, they are everywhere . For example, a programmable logic controller, although it does not look like a computer, it can store and output operating instructions such as sequence control, timing, counting, etc., to control various types of mechanical equipment or production process. In essence, it is also a kind of computer , A computer specially used for industrial control. The early programmable logic controllers (Programmable Logic Controller, PLC) only had the function of logic control, so they were named Programmable Logic Controller. Later, with continuous development, these computer modules with simple functions at the beginning have included logic control. , Timing control, analog control, multi-machine communication and other functions, The name is also changed to programmable controller ( Programmable Controller ), but because its abbreviation PC conflicts with the abbreviation of Personal Computer (Personal Computer), coupled with habitual reasons, people still often use the term programmable logic controller, and still use the abbreviation PLC. Programmable logic controllers have been widely used in equipment and production lines in automated factories.In recent years, with the popularization of smart factories, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in manufacturing lines are being replaced by more powerful Windows-based Industrial Computer (IPC) to improve machine control and increase the efficiency of data collection. However, there is a problem here. Compared with PLC, Although IPC is more powerful , But its internal structure is also more complicated, Accordingly, an error occurred , Especially if a software error occurs The frequency is even higher. 4 The more complex things are, the easier it is to fail. But failures are not allowed in the factory, unless you can accept that huge loss . In January last year, Samsung Electronics temporarily shut down part of its semiconductor chip production line in the Hwaseong Industrial Park in South Korea, causing millions of dollars in losses to the company. The reason for the parking was a sudden power failure that lasted as short as 1 minute. One minute of power outage, the loss of millions of dollars ! So, sometimes you may not need that much, All you need is a good computer .For example, a machine based on Intel vPro platform Business computer. Maintaining normal production in workshops and production lines through a reliable and stable computing platform is the core element of today’s manufacturing industry to improve efficiency and reduce losses.Intel vPro is such a platform, it includes a number of technologies, one of which is “Active Management Technology “(Intel AMT). Intel AMT is a hardware-based remote management function that works independently of the operating system. As long as there is power and network, it can perform remote system management and repair . In other words, even if the operating system on the machine or IPC is not running, technicians can repair or upgrade it. In other words, even if the operating system fails to run normally, technicians can remotely access machines with Intel AMT. For example, the kind of software errors we mentioned above, some of which require extra time and human resources to go to the site to manually fix them. Although these errors are small, they can be easily repaired. For example, turning the power off and then on can be done by restarting the system. But in fact, under normal circumstances, there is always a distance between the production workshop and the enterprise’s IT management office and control center. where I’m afraid it’s a few minutes away , For a large modern factory, the losses caused are also immeasurable. Now, we have the Intel AMT technology Remote IPC management solution , The above-mentioned problem will be easily solved. Not only in the OOB (Out of Band) state, but even during the operating system failure, we can also achieve remote diagnosis and repair through Intel AMT technology. In short, Technicians don’t have to be on site , But on the control center or personal desk , You can implement IPC management and maintenance in the factory workshop, including diagnosis and maintenance, power management, shutting down or restarting equipment; real-time monitoring of the use and status of the IPC system. AMT only forms part of the Intel vPro platform . The Intel vPro platform includes a number of technologies, in addition to Active Management Technology (AMT), there are “ Trusted execution technology “,” Virtualization technology “and many more. 5 all in all, You really need a good computer. Finally, let me emphasize The importance of computers. Some people regard the current new generation of information technology represented by artificial intelligence as the fourth industrial revolution, and attribute the computer to the third industrial revolution. This is most likely wrong. The correct division is likely to be this: the first revolution was marked by the invention of the steam engine, and the second revolution was marked by the invention of the computer. In history, to this day, there are only two revolutions . As for the third industrial revolution, we have yet to see where it is. . END. Copyright Notice : In addition to publishing original articles, the manufacturing industry is also committed to the exchange and sharing of excellent articles. Reprinting must indicate the source and author of the article; to apply for reprint authorization, please leave a message at the end of the article or in the background. All rights reserved, offenders must be investigated