At 9:22 on June 17, about 6.5 hours after being in orbit, under the autonomous control of the GNC system (guided navigation and control system) developed by the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group 502, the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft carried 3 The astronauts completed a fully autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking with the Tianhe core module. This is the first rapid rendezvous and docking implemented by our manned spacecraft in space.
The GNC subsystem is the core subsystem of the spacecraft. It is an aspect that best reflects the level of spacecraft development. It ranges from emergency rescuers when the spacecraft is launched, to the attitude and orbit control of the spacecraft during the space flight, and windsurfing control, and then to the complete communication with the space station. Autonomous rendezvous and docking, as well as flying around, and human control operations are all guaranteed by the GNC system. Since the first flight of the Shenzhou 1 manned spacecraft GNC system in 1999, after years of evolution, the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft GNC system has been fully upgraded, providing strong support for my country’s space station construction.
Multi-plan and fully autonomous “rapid rendezvous and docking” Compared with the Shenzhou 11 manned spacecraft and the spacecraft in front of it, a big difference between the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft is the introduction of the rapid rendezvous and docking of the Tianzhou cargo spacecraft in the manned spacecraft for the first time. The full-phase and fully autonomous rendezvous and docking function of the second cargo spacecraft. It is reported that according to the functional requirement that the rapid rendezvous and docking required by the mission is less than 6.5 hours (according to the official caliber), the 502 Institute of the 5th Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group combined with the short-distance rendezvous and docking time setting, and designed multiple sets of plans for the long-distance autonomous rendezvous. , These are fully autonomous programs. Of course, the plan can also be personalized, that is, customize on-demand through the ground, and inform the GNC system before launch, then the system will execute the whole process autonomously. Proximity rendezvous was already a fully autonomous plan at the second step of the “three-step” strategy of China’s manned space project. However, due to the new characteristics of the space station’s multiple interfaces and the backward-facing interface when there is a cargo spacecraft docked, it is a cooperative goal for backward cooperation. The occlusion and other constraints. The third step close rendezvous On the basis of the second step, the docking point rendezvous plan, the original design state and flight mode are modified, and new flight conditions are added-the direct rendezvous plan, relative to the docking point rendezvous plan, the direct rendezvous plan It takes less time and consumes less propellant. Set a point cleverly, saving time and effort This is a point in the space near the space station. It is the soul of the short-range fully autonomous direct rendezvous program. It is the crystallization of the further improvement of my country’s space rendezvous and docking technology and orbiting technology. It is also the third step of the manned space project to achieve rapid rendezvous and docking. shortcut. In order to meet the new requirements of multiple pairs of interfaces and rapid rendezvous and docking for space station operation, the three-step strategy for manned space project 502 of the Fifth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Group is based on the second step mastering automatic and manual rendezvous and docking and orbiting technologies, and the third step is In the space station phase, a new flight feature point—the midpoint of sight—is added to the rendezvous and docking mission. The mid-point aiming point is the abbreviation of “midway aiming point” for rendezvous and docking. It is the “transfer station” before the rendezvous and docking of manned spacecraft, cargo spacecraft and space station. It is located behind and below the space station. Through this point, it is the most convenient and quick to complete the connection with the space station. The rendezvous and docking of the forward, radial and backward docking interfaces has the characteristics of saving time (time) and labor (propellant consumption). The introduction of the midpoint is a manifestation of the continuous development of my country’s rendezvous and docking technology and the confidence in design and implementation. If the rendezvous and docking is likened to mountain climbing, the rearward anchoring point rendezvous method in the second step of the manned space project requires a rehearsal or rehearsal to climb several times during the formal summit. The previous summit is for the final formal summit. It is time-consuming and labor-intensive to confirm your own status and related guarantee conditions. The mid-point rendezvous method is through the “mid-point”, the match point near the top of the mountain. During the process, you can confirm the target and guarantee conditions, and dynamically adjust the climbing rhythm according to your own status until you reach the top. The time effort can save up to 40%. . Guangzhou Daily·Xinhuacheng reporter: Xiao Huanhuan, correspondent Chai Yue Guangzhou Daily·New Flower City Editor: Cai Lingyue
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