Read shu

Today is World Book Day ,Tell a legend——

Design / Xu Lai

The story began more than ninety years ago.

In 1929, in the northwest of Guanghan City, more than 40 kilometers away from Chengdu, a pit of exquisite jade was accidentally discovered by local farmers Yan Daocheng and Yan Qingbao;

In 1934, at the site where the Yans and his sons discovered the jade, the West China Union University Museum carried out the first archaeology;

Then came the two excavations in the 1950s and 1960s and the 1980s. Among them, the excavations in the 1980s have attracted worldwide attention: in July 1986, archaeologists discovered two “sacrifice pits” here, filled with unearthed cultural relics. A museum.

This is the awakening of Sanxingdui, Woke up and shocked the world.

The time comes to 2021, and the story continues.

Six “sacrifice pits” were newly discovered, and more than 500 important cultural relics have been resurrected. Bronze square statue, golden mask… As one of the important puzzles of ancient Shu civilization, Sanxingdui once again astounded the world.

Ancient Shu civilization, This civilization, which was born in the Sichuan region 5,000 to 3,000 years ago, is called the Chinese civilization and the Liangzhu civilization together. Three ancient civilizations in China.

Distance makes it mysterious, and mystery is often full of romanticism.

inBefore modern archaeology took root in this land, people’s understanding of ancient Shu civilization mainly originated from various ancient books.The history of ancient Shu cannot be avoided Silkworm Cong, Baiguan, Yufu, Du Yu, Enlightened Five names, people usually think that these are the five dynasties of the ancient Shu Kingdom, and they all have their own legends.

Can Cong found the country, Yufuxian departed, Wang emperor transformed the cuckoo, enlightened and resurrected… Have you ever heard of these legends of ancient Shu that are full of mythology?

1 / SilkwormFound a country

Regarding the source of Shu, Some scholars believe thatIt may be related to the Shushan clan. Because of the long-term breeding of silkworms and the spinning of silk, the Shushan clan used silkworms as their clan name, and they were called Silkworm Cong.

“Historical Records · The Benji of Five Emperors” records: “The Yellow Emperor lives on the hills of Xuanyuan, and he marries the daughter of Xiling for his ancestors.” Talking about the marriage of Huangdi and ancient Shu. We all know that in the legend it was Lei Zu who invented the method of raising silkworms and spinning silk.

“The Book of the King of Shu” says: “The first of the kings of Shu was named Cancong, and his descendants were named Bailing.(Huò), The latter is called Yufu. These three generations are hundreds of years old, and they are all immortalized. “Then he said: “From enlightened to silkworms, Accumulate 34,000 years old. “

In this record, the legend is richer in color and mixed with mythological elements, but it also reveals the rise and fall of the ancient Shu dynasty.Judging from the archaeological results, the discovery of the Xinjin Baodun ancient city site group on the Chengdu Plain confirms that the dawn of urban civilization has appeared in the Shu area more than 4,000 years ago. It can be seen that the legendary Cancong civilization may not be an illusion.

The Cancong clan rose in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, and then gradually moved into the Chengdu Plain. In ancient Chengdu, there was a Cancong Temple built to worship the Can Cong clan who taught people to raise silkworms. People in future generations have been thinking of Can Cong’s achievements. As the founder of the ancient Shu Kingdom, Can Cong’s influence on later generations can be described as far-reaching.

2 / Boguan Succession

Bai Guan is the king of Shu after Cancong. In addition to the aforementioned “Benji of the King of Shu”, “The King of Shu was first named Cancong, and his descendant was named Baili”. “The History of Huayang·Shu” also stated that Cancong was the first king. “The second king said Bai Guan.” The word difference between Baiyu and Baiguan may be due to a problem in the biography, which caused the font to be corrupted, but they are obviously the same person.

Bai Guan followed Cancong and Yufu, but his story has only a few figures in various documents. The rise and fall and whereabouts are unknown. It can be said that he is the most mysterious king in the history of ancient Shu. Some scholars believe that Bai Guan led his tribe to follow Dayu to control the water and migrated to the Central Plains.

Ancient books record that the Minjiang River in Xishu was a severely flooded area in the pre-Qin period of the Five Emperors. The Minjiang River was mentioned several times in “Yugong”, which shows that Dayu first used the method of guiding the mountains and controlling the water to control the Minjiang River, and was successful before spreading it to Kyushu. During the process of Dayu’s control of the water, there were teams of his own tribe and other tribes who followed him. The Baiguan clan followed Dayu’s control of the water and went to the Central Plains. There is indeed a possibility.

And why did Bo Guan abandon the seat of the king of Shu and go to the Central Plains? It does not rule out the possibility of a fierce throne dispute in Shu at that time: The powerful Yufu took the throne, and Bo Guan had to lead the crowd to leave.

3 / Yufu Xingbang

Yufu is a very important tribe in the history of ancient Shu. Compared with Baiguan, it is much more famous: “Silkworm Cong and Yufu, how lost is the founding of the country!” Shixian’s emotions are familiar to us.

Yufuyuan is the name of the bird, it is a bird that is good at fishing. The tribe named after it reveals the characteristics of its hobby of fishing and hunting.

Legend has it that King Yufu lived for hundreds of years and ruled the ancient Shu kingdom for a long time. The real situation may be that the Yufu dynasty has implemented the hereditary system of the throne like the Xia Dynasty. From the first Yufu king to the last Yufu king, it lasted for many generations.

The most famous legend of Yufu King is “Yufu Huaxian”. “Benji of the King of Shu” recorded that “Yufutian was on the mountain of Mian, and he was immortal, and the temple worshiped him.(Jiān)”,indeed When the Yufu King was hunting in the mountain field, he suddenly became immortal. Regardless of the color of the myth, from a rational point of view, “Dexian” is obviously an implicit statement-of course the Yufu King did not really become a god, but has disappeared without knowing whereabouts.

Scholars believe that The three generations of Shu kings said in ancient books that “all myths never die” are actually “defeated and perished.” It is likely that Du Yu’s rise to take military action, taking advantage of the Yufu King hunting in the mountain field, launched a sudden attack and defeated the Yufu King.

All in all, due to the sudden disappearance of the Yufu King, the Yufu Dynasty ended, and Du Yu became the new King of Shu.

4 / WangdiHuajuan enlightenedresurrection

Regarding Du Yu’s background, “The Book of King Shu” says “There was a man named Du Yu who fell from the sky.” Literally, “falling from the sky” may mean natural talent.

After Du Yu became the new King of Shu, he vigorously expanded the territory of the Kingdom of Shu. “The History of Huayang · History of Shu” stated that Du Yu was “teaching the people to work in agriculture” and established a capital in the heart of the Chengdu Plain, which became a very prosperous part of China at that time. Area.

Later, Du Yu became emperor, and his name was Wangdi.In “Jinse” “Zhuang Shengxiao dreams of butterflies, Wang Dichun cares for the cuckoo” In the second half of the sentence, it was Du Yu.

Legend has it that when Du Yu was on the throne, a major flood occurred in Shu. He used Bie Ling to treat the water, but he had an inhumane affection with Bie Ling’s wife.After Bie Ling came back, “the emperor became ashamed, then turned into a sub-regulation”, and gave up the throne like Yao Chan throne, and then “Bie Ling ascended the throne, and the name is Kaiming Emperor”.

To say that Du Yu turned into cuckoo just because he was ashamed, I am afraid it is hard to be convincing. Rather, like the story of Helen in Homer’s epic poem, the ancient Greeks and Trojans on the coast of the ancient Aegean Sea fought a ten-year war for the beautiful Helen. Du Yu’s love affairs also led to two The change of dynasty.

Of course, Du Yu didn’t really turn into a Zigui, maybe just fleeing and hiding in the mountains. Later, the people of Shu State thought of Du Yu’s favor of “teaching the people to work in agriculture”, Whenever the cuckoo bird screams in early spring and February, I think of Du Yu, as the former king of Shu who has lost his country and flees is crying.

The enlightened emperor Bie Ling also has its own legend. The Eastern Han Dynasty “Fun Tongyi · Weird God” quoted a record in “Chu Ci”, saying that “the turtle (spirit) died, and he went up the river to Su Qi under the mountain (Min). The god of the Shu people was honored as king”. It is about after the death of Kaiming Emperor Bie Ling, His corpse went upstream to Chengdu, where it was magically resurrected. People thought he was a god, and he was later revered as the new king of Shu.

The above is the ancient Shu civilization

The most famous anecdotes of the five kings of Shu

The distant and mysterious words in ancient books

Provides clues for us to understand and explore history

And the discoveries of modern archaeology

Reveals the tangible splendor and brilliance of this civilization

About the ancient Shu civilization

Myths and legends immersed in romanticism

Maybe they all have their true side

Attracting people to keep exploring

With many ancient city ruins on the Chengdu Plain

Archaeological research on Sanxingdui and Jinsha sites continues to advance

The mystery of ancient Shu civilization will continue to be unveiled

Show a brighter face

END

references:

“On the Relationship between Bashu and the Central Plains”, Sichuan People’s Publishing House

“Annotation to Huayang Guozhi” (Jin) Written by Chang Chang, proofread by Liu Lin,Bashu Publishing House

“Speaking of “Fish Fu”-Mutual Confirmation of Documentary Records and Archaeological Discoveries” Lin Xiang, Yangtze River Civilization

“Ancient Civilization in Sanxingdui” Chen Yuzhi, China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Report

Chengdu Daily·Jinguan News

Producer Ren Yuanhang

Planning/auditing Zhang Tingting, Li Ying, and Zhuang Weiwei

Text wee

Poster Xu Lai

Edit wee

According to Vision China